「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

#疫情下妥瑞ADHD如何治療呢⁉️
#別讓疫情阻礙親子互動
#小心成為愛唸兒😅

疫情下學生無法到校上課，改為居家線上課程，
🔳到底妥瑞兒過動兒(ADHD)在家視訊上課時期需不需要持續藥物治療呢?
🔳迷思:不用到校上學，幹嘛需持續專注力呀?
➡️根據張醫師這三週停課的觀察，不少妥瑞兒抽動(TICS)變得更嚴重耶，而且在家情緒起伏更大，線上也常沒在認真上課(有的還在線上聊天呢‼️)。
🔳為何不用去學校上課，也沒期末考了，在家情緒反而更嚴重呢?
➡️張醫師推測長時間線上視訊，家長daily child-rearing stresses(每天的教養壓力:如看不慣孩子在家上課情況，心急變成「愛唸兒」😱)會比學校上課時還重，而教養壓力會直接造成妥瑞兒(特別有併有ADHD者)易因能力不足(專注力/坐不住)而產生焦慮，焦慮又回頭惡化TICS(惡性循環)。
🔳根據2020國外文獻Asian Journal of Psychiatry，疫情間針對ADHD家長的問卷調查發現孩童:54%專注力變差，67%增加生氣(anger)的頻率，56%惡化家庭常規秩序。(留言有詳解)
➡️張醫師建議在家視訊教學時期，還是要
1.保持規律坐息，
2.適當運動(推薦跳繩/慢跑)，
3.父母對管教態度要保留彈性(建議温和且堅定)，過度"緊迫盯人"只是徒增親子衝突，惡化妥瑞及ADHD。
4.珍惜世界靜下來的寶貴時刻，重修親子關係的機會。
🔺️結論:保持上課時期的常規坐息及親子互動，建議持續藥物治療如同往昔。👊

【EP35 SÁPMI：在極光與聖誕老人之外，跟著極地導遊認識真正的拉普蘭！ ft. 羅瓦涅米極地導遊 Ralph 】

芬蘭北部第一大城－羅瓦涅米有「官方認證的聖誕老人故鄉」之稱，每年吸引大批遊客從世界各地慕名而來，要和傳說中會在平安夜爬進煙囪、偷偷把禮物塞進聖誕襪的神秘人物見上一面；但你可曾想過，除了聖誕老人之外，還有哪些人居住在這片土地上嗎？

甫自大學畢業的Ralph，意外地來到拉普蘭工作，因而對於這片土地有了不一樣的認識，從近代戰爭帶來的影響、原住民「薩米人」權益進展、各種旅遊項目中的眉眉角角，到對於永續旅遊發展的反思，他都有獨到的見解。在這集紮實的節目裡，Ralph會用以下幾個角度來帶領我們認識拉普蘭——

1️⃣ (07:15) 從芬蘭近代史上的三場戰爭談起——
二次大戰期間芬蘭的冬季戰爭、繼續戰爭與拉普蘭戰爭，改變了羅瓦涅米的面貌，也意外促成聖誕老人村雛形－羅斯福小木屋的出現。想認識芬蘭與羅瓦涅米，不可不了解這三場戰爭！

2️⃣ (21:20) 羅瓦涅米極地導遊的工作秘辛——
擔任極地導遊期間，Ralph累積了不少有趣冷知識——聖誕老人其實不只一個？芬蘭浴怎麼玩才能盡興？極光指數與極光出現的機率不完全相關？張韶涵的《歐若拉》又透漏著什麼資訊？讓Ralph用親身帶團經驗告訴你！

3️⃣ (32:15) 以拉普蘭為家的原住民－薩米人血淚史——
被視為人權典範的北歐，其實也有歧視原住民的黑歷史！不論挪威、瑞典或芬蘭，過去皆有針對薩米人的種族主義政策。曾經被視為次等人種的他們，如何尋回自己的文化與自信，還成為《冰雪奇緣2》的重要元素？作為一位旅人，怎樣的旅行方式才是真正尊重他們？

4️⃣ (46:08) 極地導遊的反思：速食化的觀光模式，對這塊土地真的好嗎？——
疫情之前的羅瓦涅米，似乎已經逼近環境負載力的上限；來自世界各地的遊客，寧可排上2小時的隊，也要看到30秒的聖誕老人！這種旅行方式，對於脆弱的極圈生態系、或仰賴放牧馴鹿的薩米人來說，真的是好的嗎？

🎙️ 來賓簡介：
Ralph 洪瑞甫 ，臺灣大學生命科學系畢業，大學時期即在旅遊新創品牌「大街小嚮 TourMeAway」從事城市步行導覽活動。服完兵役後，因順手多投了一封履歷，展開意料之外的極地導遊體驗。出發時連工作所在城市的名稱都不會唸，到深深被拉普蘭的魅力吸引，樂於分享羅瓦涅米觀光宣傳品鮮少提及的在地故事。現任職於「 Like It Formosa 來去福爾摩沙 」，持續在從事英語導覽教學之新創團隊服務。

Ralph的medium: ralphhong5465.medium.com
Ralph的instagram: instagram.com/ralphhung5465

🔊 收聽資訊：
Spotify open.spotify.com/episode/5rgMJY6rxd08nmZWRwjutv
Apple Podcasts podcasts.apple.com/tw/podcast/id1518914711?i=1000506584078
Google Podcasts, SoundOn, Firstory, Baabao, KKBox
所有平台收聽連結請點此 ltsoj.com 或者直接搜尋「旅行熱炒店」
Show note ltsoj.com/podcast-ep035
IG: instagram.com/travel.wok

📓 名詞解釋：
35:58 提到的yoik，是一種薩米傳統吟唱方式，隨著薩米文化受到重視，也越來越廣為人知。其中一首知名歌曲《Eatnemen Vuelie》（大地之歌），後來被改編為迪士尼動畫《冰雪奇緣》的開場與結尾配樂。

📚 延伸閱讀：
- Ralph的Medium
https://reurl.cc/5o2l7R
- 北極科學博物館官方宣傳影片，含拉普蘭與羅瓦涅米簡介（Visit Rovaniemi，英文）
https://reurl.cc/9Z5EM8
- 旅居芬蘭的臺灣人系列專欄文章： 水鹿遇到馴鹿
https://reurl.cc/Xel6vM
- 解鎖地球 Unlock the Earth Ep.36 芬蘭跳舞極光怎麼看 | 零下 30 度極圈生活 | 官方認證聖誕老人
https://reurl.cc/GdbVz3
- Geography Now! Finland (Geography Now)
https://reurl.cc/AgRgYd
- In Santa’s home town, booming tourism and Christmas stereotypes anger Sami locals (FRANCE 24 English)
https://reurl.cc/1goxyG

#podcast #travel #播客 #音頻 #自助旅行 #中文podcast #台灣podcast #波羅的海 #北歐 #芬蘭 #羅瓦涅米 #拉普蘭 #聖誕老人 #極光 #芬蘭浴 #薩米 #薩米人 #原住民 #永續發展 #環境負載力 #北極 #極圈

#コナミデジタルエンタテインメントが稼働させた、AC用STG('07)からのX BOX360移植版。M2が開発を行った。

グラディウスやパロディウスの流れを組みながらも、吉崎観音氏がデザインした萌えキャラで一新された新機軸作品。
主な変更点としてはゴージャスモードの追加、獲得金でウェポンカードを購入できるショップが追加、イラストを鑑賞できるギャラリーの追加、DLCキャラのエスメラルダとポイニー・クーンが追加等が挙げられる。

ゴージャスモードはストーリーモードの様なもので、DLCのイースター島を含め全7面を攻略する。
シールド無しで開始し、地形でもダメージを食らう仕様。
バーストも使用不可で、難易度NORMAL以上ではループとなる。
また、最大3人でオンラインCO-OPで遊べる。

ジオール・トゥイー(XEXEXモチーフ)のED最後で、クラウス・パッヘルベルによく似た別人が登場、「ヤツは何者だ?」というセリフを吐くが、古参プレイヤーでないと誰だよお前状態になる。

BGMはAC版楽曲は古賀氏の楽曲で、Gの追加曲はるざりん氏が編曲、DLC曲は多数の作曲家がアレンジした過去のコナミSTG曲となっている。

作曲：古賀博樹氏、柏木るざりん氏(ゴージャス追加曲)
編曲：古川もとあき氏、戸田宏武氏、KPLECRAFT、quad、泉谷隆洋氏、東野美紀さん、小林写楽氏、山岡晃氏、前田尚紀氏、古代祐三氏、山中季哉氏、斎藤幹雄氏、福井健一郎氏、甲田雅人氏、佐宗綾子さん、山根ミチルさん、安井洋介氏、日比野則彦氏、鮎澤貴秀氏、桜庭統氏、福井健一郎氏、めがてん氏、三浦憲和氏、藤尾敦氏、Uraken

Manufacturer: 2005.12.10 Konami Digital Entertainment
hardware: Xbox 360
System: 48KHz 16bit audio
Composer: Hiroki Koga,Loser Kashiwagi
Arranger: Naoyuki Sato, Norihiko Hibino,Motoaki Furukawa, Hiromu Toda, KPLECRAFT, quad, Takahiro Izutani, Miki Higashino, Sharaku Kobayashi, Akira Yamaoka, Naoki Maeda, Yuzo Koshiro, Toshiya Yamanaka, Mikio Saitou (Metal Yuhki), Kenichiro Fukui, Masato Kouda, Ayako Saso,Yousuke Yasui, Shinji Hosoe, Michiru Yamane, Takahide Ayuzawa, Motoi Sakuraba, Nories Miura, Sukenomiya Fujio, Uraken, Hiroki Koga,Kiyotaka Sugimoto
-------------------------------------------------------------
00:00 01.天使たちのSTAR LIGHT / オープニングテーマ
01:02 02.カード認証
01:37 03.アイキャッチ
01:51 04.セレクト
04:12 05.空中戦
06:34 06.サン・サルバドル島
09:55 07.東京(ビル街)
12:03 08.東京(首都高高架下)
13:45 09.アレキサンドリア(砂漠地帯)
16:24 10.アレキサンドリア(ピラミッド内)
18:58 11.南極(氷の洞窟)
21:45 12.南極(アイスキューブ)
24:19 13.中ボス戦
26:52 14.大ボス戦
29:10 15.リザルト
30:31 16.MAZED MUSIC 「グラディウス」より
31:37 17.FLY HIGH 「沙羅曼蛇」より
32:40 18.AIRCRAFT CARRIER 「グラディウス」より
33:16 19.MAXIMUM SPEED 「グラディウスII～GOFERの野望～」より
34:53 20.MOAN 「スペースマンボウ」より
35:37 21.STAGE BOSS 「グラディウスV」より
39:59 22.TITANS 「グラディウスIV」より
39:59 23.DON’T LEAVE ME ALONE 「グラディウス2」より
43:33 24.BURN THE WIND 「沙羅曼蛇」より
43:33 25.POISON OF SNAKE 「沙羅曼蛇」より
46:41 26.POWER OF ANGER 「沙羅曼蛇」より
48:18 27.オープニング *ゴージャス追加曲
49:46 28.カナディアン・ロッキー *ゴージャス追加曲
51:12 29.ヴァルハラ～ブロックエリア～ *ゴージャス追加曲
52:42 30.大ボス戦～オーディン・コア～ *ゴージャス追加曲
54:54 31.ヴァルハラ～オルゴール～ *ゴージャス追加曲
56:33 32.イースター島 *ゴージャス追加曲
01:00:04 33.キャラ別エンディング *ゴージャス追加曲
01:03:00 34.スタッフクレジット *ゴージャス追加曲
01:05:55 35.exbgm01_000.xwb *DLC追加曲
01:08:55 36.exbgm01_001.xwb *DLC追加曲
01:13:04 37.exbgm01_002.xwb *DLC追加曲
01:19:24 38.exbgm01_003.xwb *DLC追加曲
01:25:19 39.exbgm01_004.xwb *DLC追加曲
01:29:26 40.exbgm01_005.xwb *DLC追加曲
01:35:45 41.exbgm01_006.xwb *DLC追加曲
01:42:24 42.exbgm01_007.xwb *DLC追加曲
01:48:40 43.exbgm01_008.xwb *DLC追加曲
01:54:21 44.exbgm02_000.xwb *DLC追加曲
01:58:33 45.exbgm02_001.xwb *DLC追加曲
02:02:27 46.exbgm02_002.xwb *DLC追加曲
02:02:27 47.exbgm02_003.xwb *DLC追加曲
02:09:13 48.exbgm02_004.xwb *DLC追加曲
02:14:41 49.exbgm02_005.xwb *DLC追加曲
02:21:40 50.exbgm02_006.xwb *DLC追加曲
02:25:42 51.exbgm02_007.xwb *DLC追加曲
02:28:29 52.exbgm02_008.xwb *DLC追加曲
02:32:30 53.exbgm03_000.xwb *DLC追加曲
02:37:39 54.exbgm03_001.xwb *DLC追加曲
02:43:46 55.exbgm03_002.xwb *DLC追加曲
02:54:11 56.exbgm03_003.xwb *DLC追加曲
03:00:10 57.exbgm03_004.xwb *DLC追加曲
03:05:52 58.exbgm03_005.xwb *DLC追加曲
03:13:15 59.exbgm03_006.xwb *DLC追加曲
03:18:57 60.exbgm03_007.xwb *DLC追加曲
03:25:36 61.exbgm03_008.xwb *DLC追加曲
03:31:40 62.exbgm04_000.xwb *DLC追加曲
03:33:35 63.exbgm04_001.xwb *DLC追加曲
03:38:56 64.exbgm04_002.xwb *DLC追加曲
03:42:01 65.exbgm04_003.xwb *DLC追加曲
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🔥 志祺七七團隊誠徵「全職企劃」與「特約作者」🔥
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#GameStop ＃Wallstreetbets ＃Reddit

各節重點：

00:00 前導
00:49「志祺七七徵企劃夥伴」廣告段落
01:49 被看空的GameStop
04:13 WallStreetbets鄉民集結
05:17 大軋空
06:48 華爾街的反撲
08:18 劫富濟貧還是劫貧濟富的Robinhood？
09:33 Reddit鄉民，扳倒華爾街的巨鱷？
11:16 我們的觀點
12:41 提問
13:02 結尾

【 製作團隊 】

｜企劃：冰鱸
｜腳本：冰鱸
｜編輯：土龍
｜剪輯後製：絲繡
｜剪輯助理：歆雅
｜演出：志祺

——

【 本集參考資料 】

→Reddit - DeepFuckingValue：https://bit.ly/3pXnQgQ
→Reddit - wallstreetbets：https://bit.ly/3jlUwOr
→Citron Research：https://bit.ly/3jm5wLS
→An Open Letter to Melvin Capital, CNBC, Boomers, and WSB：https://bit.ly/3aF1Xw4
→Keith Gill Drove the GameStop Reddit Mania. He Talked to the Journal.：https://on.wsj.com/2MRv3QJ
→Anger as trading in GameStop shares is restricted：https://bbc.in/3aw9rS6
→Robinhood's 'Let the People Trade' Tweet Resurfaces After Platform Halts GameStop Trading：https://bit.ly/3rt8i4L
→GameStop short-sellers lost $1.6 billion in a single day as Reddit traders rebelled against them：https://bit.ly/2MRv4UN
→標題Re: [問卦] 有鄉民在打美股聖戰嗎 更新 教主說話啦：https://bit.ly/3jiL7qI
→股癌 - 我到底看了三小：https://bit.ly/3azYm2j
→GameStop 之亂 — 華爾街的川普時刻：https://bit.ly/3oUGwwa
→GameStop Corporation (GME) 全球最大的電玩遊戲實體店：https://bit.ly/39PsEz2
→「GameStop史詩級大軋空事件」幕後推手曝光！34歲金融顧問：我不是為了任何人：https://bit.ly/3jhXG5T
→美國鄉民 vs. 專業放空者的戰爭：股價暴漲的GameStop到底發生了什麼事？：https://bit.ly/2YPj8pn
→GameStop 事件的背後：WallStreetBets 的緣起：https://bit.ly/3oRhHkX
→一場散戶反抗華爾街的「網路聖戰」：https://nyti.ms/3cK7HYa
→抨擊華爾街與媒體 一封WSB網友公開信 揭發散戶逆襲的動機：https://bit.ly/3tsUYim
→GameStop引爆美股散戶史詩級軋空！懶人包：https://bit.ly/3rBy6Mb
→GME事件=散戶逆襲+業內互殺？專家：機構不會放過軋空機會：https://bit.ly/3rpuFYy
→YOLO意思是甚麼？從GME事件窺探新世代的心態與機遇：https://bit.ly/3aDteyT
→帮空头封散户？美国券商为何引发众怒“拔网线”？：https://bit.ly/3pUXPhS
→全美股都在看戏：燃炸！散户抱团对抗机构，还“逼死”了？！：https://bit.ly/3rsgOka
→大戰散戶慘烈敗北，對沖基金Melvin上月損失53%：https://on.wsj.com/3jgUYNW
→哭著收場？　GameStop大亂鬥會衝擊一般投資人嗎？：https://bit.ly/3oQ7Z2e
→GameStop史詩級大軋空：散戶這回「吃掉有錢人」！百萬鄉民軋爆避險基金，空頭虧損逾1400億：https://bit.ly/2YJjHRA
→【GameStop風暴】片商已迫不及待拍成電影　網飛、米高梅搶先機　：https://bit.ly/2MWpccS
→什么是期权？如何从概念上理解看涨期权/看跌期权？：https://bit.ly/3pQngkV
→GME大軋空 Reddit鄉民發起史詩級金融聖戰 全球韭菜團結YOLO對抗大鯨魚：https://bit.ly/39R5k3X
→散戶起義 看懂美國GameStop股價逆襲事件：https://bit.ly/2YPdiEi
→【GameStop風暴】股癌：美國兩黨議員都不接受「關廁所」行為：https://bit.ly/2YLK6Ov
→【華爾街出招】強壓鄉民氣焰 GME停止交易卻能放空、FB封鎖討論群：https://bit.ly/36LUoTd
→AOC, Ted Cruz slam Robinhood for freezing some trades amid GameStop volatility：https://tcrn.ch/3oL1ayM
→GameStop's Gargantuan Gamma Squeeze：https://bit.ly/3rpsO64
→Why GameStop Stock Skyrocketed Today：https://bit.ly/3jlQTYB
→Why Did GameStop's Stock Price Go Up: Explaining The Squeeze：https://bit.ly/3az0kA1
→Short Sellers Lose $5.05 Billion in Bet Against GameStop：https://bit.ly/36Jj9Qa



＼每週７天，每天７點，每次７分鐘，和我們一起了解更多有趣的生活議題吧！／

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🔴如果影片內容有誤，歡迎來信勘誤：hey77@simpleinfo.cc

GTA5 online是GTA5的多人線上模式，遊戲內容包含了飛車、跳傘、搶劫、開飛機等等多種遊玩關卡讓玩家能夠跟好友們一同享受樂趣。
40多歲的麥可是名金盆洗手的銀行強盜，與FBI進行交易，在美國聯邦證人保護項目管轄之下被釋放。與厭惡他以及他手中骯髒錢的妻子亞曼達、青少年的女兒崔西、兒子吉米一同居住在洛克佛山莊（以比佛利山莊為藍本）的豪宅。
崔佛原本是美國海軍飛行員，因為沒有通過精神鑑定而被勒令退役，淪落為兇暴瘋狂的毒蟲。
富蘭克林是名胸懷大志的 20 歲青年，平常以經手銷售高級車與討債維生。
故事發生在洛聖都，這三人的命運發生了密不可分的聯繫。

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Nine years after a botched robbery in Ludendorff, North Yankton, former bank robber Michael Townley is living under witness protection with his family in Los Santos, San Andreas, under the alias Michael De Santa. When Michael discovers his wife Amanda in bed with her tennis coach, he chases the coach to a mansion and destroys it out of anger. The mansion's owner is Mexican drug lord Martin Madrazo's girlfriend. Madrazo demands compensation, so Michael and his accomplice Franklin Clinton perform a jewellery shop heist to pay their debt. Michael's sole surviving partner in the Ludendorff robbery, Trevor Philips, hears of the jewellery heist and realises that it was Michael's handiwork. The two reunite after Trevor tracks Michael down in Los Santos.