這是阿培曾經在我巴褲的書裡面寫的，這文章是阿培本身養狗的經驗，對每個養狗的人都有很大的幫助，希望大家有時間可以把它看完，我翻譯成英文讓大家看：
Apei wrote many things into my Baku book. Mainly how to raise dogs, his life experience with dogs and about dog breeds. Its very useful information so please take a look. I translated it into English for everyone to read.

想要養全世界最大的狗，所有的大狗養過一輪，最後情定獒犬。
I wanted to raise all the big dogs available around the world. I wanted to takes turns raising all the big dogs, but I fell for Mastiff.

我從小就有個心願，要養全世界最大的狗。十幾歲開始工作，慢慢把大狗養了一輪：紐波利頓獒犬、大丹、高加索——最後才把重心放在西藏獒犬上。
Ever since when I was very young, I had a dream to raise all the big dogs available throughout the world. I started working at a very young age. Over the years, I had owned a Neapolitan Mastiff, Great Dane, Caucasian Shepherd, and finally now I am totally focused on taking care of my Tibetan Mastiff.

其實每種狗都可愛，只是養著養著，慢慢摸索出自己最喜歡的樣子——
To be honest, no matter what the breed, each dog is cute & lovable in its own way. Having own so many dogs, I slowly figured out what I like the most.

比方紐波利頓，嘴巴皮垂皺加上毛短，吃完東西不馬上擦乾淨，很容易過敏有皮膚病，照養上很費功夫。
Neapolitan Mastiff, for example, has saggy faces and very short hair. If you don’t clean him up after a meal, the dog can very easily have allergic reactions or skin diseases. It’s quite a chore taking care of this breed of dogs.

大丹漂亮修長，但我更喜歡粗勇的體型。
Great Danes are beautiful and usually possesses a lengthy body, but I like ones with a thicker and wider body.

高加索犬算是最貼近我期待的，但是，高加索犬野性比較強，對其他小狗比較不友善。
Caucasian Shepherd is perhaps a breed that is closest to my ideal type. However, shepherds are more primitive, they are not that friendly to small dogs.

至於西藏獒犬，牠忠實、對小孩、女人和小型動物又溫和——尤其是冬天，西藏獒犬換上一身長披毛，站出來威風凜凜、霸氣十足。
As far as Tibetan Mastiff goes, they are loyal, and gentle around kids, women, and other small animals. Especially during winter, a Tibetan Mastiff would change into a long fur coat, appearing so confident and proud, as if everything else is beneath them.
養到西藏獒犬，我心中就有「中」的感覺——所以一路養到現在。
When I got to owning a Tibetan Mastiff, that’s when my heart and mind went: “This is the one!” And so… I have been raising one ever since.

之前養的每隻狗，我都是養到牠們老死——大型狗的平均壽命比中小型犬還要短的許多，大概10年到15年。
All the dogs I had previously, I have always had them until they passed away peacefully in my arms due to old age. The average lifespan of large-sized dogs are usually a lot shorter than small-sized dogs. 10 -15 years, I would say, is probably the max.

要駕馭大型狗，教法是重點。我常跟人說，「狗的主人要有霸氣，要比狗兇」。從小規矩就要訂下——如果主人希望能帶大狗去散步，一定要從小帶牠出門，讓牠習慣走在你腿旁邊，讓牠早早社會化。
To manage a large-sized dog, the key is on teaching. I often tell my friends: “As a dog owner you have to be dominant, you have to be more dominant than your dog.” Show ‘em who’s the boss in the house, so to speak lol. As a dog owner if you wish to take your large dog out for a walk, you have to start taking them for a walk when they are still very small, let them get used to walking alongside you, this is basically to socialize them.

你帶領狗去散步，不是牠帶你去散步——讓牠們見多視廣，狗就不會有初見陌生事物激動暴衝的時候。
Remember tho, you are taking them for a walk, not the other way around. You have to let them see more, let them become familiarize with what’s happening on the outside. This way, it will lessen the occurrence of your dog having violent reactions to unfamiliar or unknown objects.

基本上，除非是生病，要不然狗咬人，都是基於「恐懼」。牠怕主人被攻擊，所以擺出戰鬥姿態——當然，社會化不足或主人威嚴感比較差的狗，就比較容易出在驚慌狀態下而暴衝咬人。
Basically, unless your dog is sick, a dog only starts biting people out of “fear.” They fear that his owner will be attacked, that’s why he goes into “combat mode.” Of course, a dog that is less socialized or a dog with a less dominant owner will more likely become violent (including biting) when they feel threatened or panicking.

這部分是主人的問題，比較不是狗狗本身的問題。改善了狗主人的牽法與教育狗的方式，狗的暴衝、易怒問題就可以得到改善。
This is the owner’s fault, and not on the dog. Once you improve upon the way you walk the dog and educate the dog the right away, the dog’s violent behavior and violent tendencies will show an improvement.

獒犬還有一個別稱，「栓犬」。讓獒犬待在同個地方大概30分鐘，牠就會覺得那是牠地盤，開始會對經過的路人兇，這點要特別注意。
Mastiff also goes by another name, “guardian dogs.” If you let a Mastiff stay in one place for over 30 minutes, he’ll think that this place is his place, his territory, and will starting defending it by being aggressive to passerby, this is something to be aware of.

我最常被問到的，獒犬吃很多三餐費用很高吧？
The question that I was asked the most is… “Mastiffs eat a lot, don’t they? So you must’ve spend a lot of dog food, right?”

我自己對狗比較捨得，讓牠吃好——牛肉全雞羊肉，但是也不一定要跟我一樣餵法。讓牠們吃飽，有時間去跑跑步，偶爾洗一下澡，牠們就很開心了。
I am more catering to my dog, that’s for sure. I’ll let him eat the good stuff --- beef, full chicken, lamb… But you don’t have to do it like me, tho, just feed him regularly so your dog is not hungry. If you have the time, take him for a walk or a jog, or bathe him, he is going to be really really happy if you do so.

最後要提醒的是，大型犬因為身體重腳的負擔大，狗主人最好是把牠們養在不滑的地板上，跟，6個月以前的小狗，髖關節還沒發育完全，不要讓牠們大量跑跳。這兩點注意一下，加上每天帶花時間帶牠們去散步運動，這樣就能保持牠們四隻腳的健康，減少很多腿部問題。
Lastly, I want remind everyone, as far as large dogs go, because of their huge physique they have tons of pressure on their feet, so it’s best for a dog owner to raise a large-sized dog on a non-slippery floor. Also, for a dog that is not yet 6 months old, don’t let the dog do too much jumping and running because his hip joint isn’t fully developed yet. That’s two things you should keep in mind. So as long as you take the time to walk your dog and do a bit of exercise, you’ll be able to keep their legs healthy, which will reduce a lot of the dog’s leg problems.

不管大狗小狗，牠們都是我們的家人，養了，就好好照顧牠一輩子。最後還是那句話.如何對待如何回報.
No matter big or small, a dog is family. If you got one, please take care of him/her for the rest of its life. Lastly, just want to say, You reap what you sow.

今天的教育單元，邀請《親子天下》翻轉教育網站駐站作者 吳緯中來到空中，帶大家導讀書籍《丟掉課本之後，學習才真正開始：啟動學習的9大關鍵字》/ 時報出版。

兩位「非典型老師」吳緯中與馬嶔，致力PTS教育的實踐與深化多年，本書是兩位老師數年合作的心血結晶，兩人分工合作，將PTS教育的發展史、個人生命史與那些發生在教學現場的動人故事，生動且自然地鑲嵌成一幅「理想的學習風景」。

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◎內容簡介：
兩位「非典型老師」吳緯中與馬嶔，致力PTS教育的實踐與深化多年，本書是兩位老師數年合作的心血結晶，兩人分工合作，將PTS教育的發展史、個人生命史與那些發生在教學現場的動人故事，生動且自然地鑲嵌成一幅「理想的學習風景」。

所謂的PTS教育（PTS Education），即是以「分段」、「主題」、「社會化」（Phaslized, Thematic, Socialized）三組核心概念所延伸出來的教育理論。本書也分為三大部分，深入淺出地將理論轉化為教學現場裡一個個動人的故事：
Part1：「從今以後，教育不再只能從國外輸入」
Part2：「讓孩子自由的九大關鍵字」
Part3：「下一步，我可以這麼做……」

第一部分回溯PTS教育的起點，述說創辦人夏惠汶的生命故事，真摯而動人，看人稱「夏杯」的夏惠汶，如何翻轉一般人對於教育的刻板印象，建構屬於台灣本土的教育模式，引導讀者一同走進「非典型教育」的思考中。第二部分則以九大關鍵字為書寫脈絡，結合教育現場中的實踐案例與做法，帶領讀者重新找回學習的定義與熱情。第三部分提供教育工作者具體的行動方案，讓創新的理論與動人的故事，能夠持續在不同的地方生長。

◎來賓簡介：吳緯中
非典型教師、創新教育一線玩家，常用心在「看不見的價值」上，與妻子念兒在宜蘭育有一雙兒女。三十三歲那年，轉換了人生跑道，決心離開辦公桌，不再和電腦打交道，而去與真實的人打交道。過去對體制失望，曾立志「這一生絕對不要當老師」，當了老師之後才發現，真正的教育不在於準備一個個完美的課程，而是全心面對一位又一位的孩子。至今，仍在朝自己的使命邁進：「分享自身故事、與人共創故事、陪伴經歷故事、重寫生命故事，用故事力陪伴孩子長出力量的老師。」

◎作者簡介：馬嶔
大學時期繞過半個台灣到花蓮求學，從偏鄉學生的服務營隊中，發現學生們的世界比自己想像的更加精彩。為了享有自主設計課程的樂趣，轉至台北就職，開啟教師生涯的冒險旅程，居住地從台灣到上海，教學現場從高中擴及到幼兒園及大專院校，乖乖的老師驚覺，腦袋不轉彎，雙腳就走不出去，目前正往變形的路上邁進！

There is no God in the Badlands...but there will be socialized healthcare and education! #intothebadlands #berniesanders

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