[關於反芻動物全身麻醉的風險，反芻動物中，全身麻醉的弊大於利。] 有興趣的朋友可以多了解一下喔! (中文翻譯的部分為Google翻譯的，能夠閱讀英文的朋友建議看原文會比較清楚喔)
還有很多很多相關的學術發表，就不貼那麼多出來啦!

Cooper結紮的日期是4月26日，他現在很健康很調皮。

(德叔真的超級超級愛看這些學術發表的文章，但是我還是相信醫生的專業。)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334673867_The_Use_of_Epidural_Anaesthesia_over_General_Anaesthesia_in_Ruminants
全身麻醉是現代醫學的重要組成部分。它是一種藥物誘導的可逆病症，包括特定的行為和生理特徵，包括無意識、健忘症、鎮痛和運動不能——伴隨自主神經、心血管、呼吸和體溫調節系統的穩定性。
[反芻動物全身麻醉具有內在風險，如瘤胃內容物反流、唾液分泌過多和肺部誤吸的可能性；因此並不總是推薦使用本地或區域技術。硬膜外麻醉是一種中樞神經阻滯技術，經常用於獸醫實踐中，用於治療家畜會陰、骶骨、腰椎和尾椎部位的不同產科和外科手術干擾。關於在反芻動物和其他物種的各種外科和實驗室程序中使用硬膜外麻醉的科學研究已經有幾項。總之，全身麻醉的弊大於利，特別是在反芻動物中。因此，硬膜外麻醉是首選。

General anaesthesia is an essential component of modern medicine. It is a drug induced reversible condition that includes specific behavioral and physiological traits unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and akinesia- with concomitant stability of the autonomic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems.
[General anesthesia in ruminants has inherent risks such as regurgitation of ruminal contents, excessive salivation and the possibility of pulmonary aspiration; therefore it is not always recommended and local or regional techniques may be used instead. Epidural anaesthesia is a central neuraxial block technique which is used regularly in veterinary practice for treatment of different obstetrical and surgical interferences in the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and caudal parts of the thoracic region of domestic animals. There have been several scientific researches on the use of epidural anesthesia in ruminants and other species for various surgical and laboratory procedures. In conclusion, the disadvantages of general anaesthesia outweigh the advantages especially in ruminant specie. Therefore, epidural anaesthesia is the most preferred.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118886700.ch1
瘤胃鼓脹、腹脹、反流和吸入性肺炎是與家畜全身麻醉相關的常見問題，應通過適當的預防措施和必要的麻醉前考慮來預見和解決。家畜在麻醉期間可能會出現胃內容物反流和誤吸，尤其是未禁食的動物。反芻動物在麻醉期間通常會大量分泌唾液。惡性高熱的觸發因素包括壓力（例如興奮、運輸或麻醉前處理）、鹵化吸入麻醉劑（例如氟烷、異氟烷、七氟烷和地氟烷）和去極化神經肌肉阻滯藥物（例如琥珀膽鹼）。同樣，氟烷似乎是豬惡性高熱的最有效和最常見的觸發因素。麻醉前禁食可能不能完全防止反流，但會減少瘤胃內容物中的固體物質數量。獸醫應將這些知識與適當的麻醉前準備和適當的圍手術期管理相結合，以確保這些動物的麻醉成功。
Ruminal tympany, bloat, regurgitation, and aspiration pneumonia are common problems associated with general anesthesia in farm animal species that should be anticipated and addressed with proper precautions and the necessary preanesthetic considerations. Regurgitation and aspiration of stomach content can occur in farm animal species during anesthesia, especially in nonfasted animals. Ruminants normally salivate profusely during anesthesia. The triggering agents of malignant hyperthermia include stress (e.g., excitement, transportation, or preanesthetic handling), halogenated inhalation anesthetics (e.g., halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane), and depolarizing neuro-muscular blocking drugs (e.g., succinylcholine). Similarly, halothane appears to be the most potent and most frequently reported trigger of malignant hyperthermia in pigs. Preanesthetic fasting may not completely prevent regurgitation, but it will decrease the amount of solid matter in the rumen content. Veterinarians should incorporate the knowledge with proper preanesthetic preparations and appropriate perioperative management to ensure successful outcome of anesthesia in these animals.

<無痛分娩真係唔痛！？>

中文詞彙優美多變，翻譯英文好多時都綽綽有餘👍🏻
但呢個無痛分娩真係世紀大騙局！😡😡
無痛分娩。。都係。會。痛架！
可能係想當年d 人想宣傳先會用個咁吸引既名😂😂😂(姑娘我又係到懷疑人地)
但無可否認地佢係最「高級」的止痛方法
點高級法！？👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻

無痛分娩正式學名係「硬脊膜外麻醉」
聽到個咁專業既名就知其實做呢個麻醉係必須要麻醉科醫生做既👨🏻‍⚕️👨🏻‍⚕️👨🏻‍⚕️
而且由無痛分娩開始就要留產房觀察
硬脊膜外的間隙呢個位置其實係脊椎一部分
入面有好多神經
當注射了一些麻醉藥後，就會阻礙神經傳遞
簡單d諗就係你子宮想話你知好痛呀😭😭
平時就係咁send what’s app 俾你個腦話佢知
我地宜家落藥封鎖左what’s app 🤯🤯🤯
咁你就唔覺痛👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

就咁聽好正呀！封鎖哂就實唔痛啦！😍😍
但好可惜，佢只可以封鎖下又唔封下
因為特別係隨住時間過去越黎越痛😱😱
就算藥加到極限都會覺得好痛🤦🏻‍♀️🤦🏻‍♀️🤦🏻‍♀️
所以研究顯示可以止到7成到啦！

好多時候我見d 媽媽一入院個下就已經問定
「姑娘，係咪有得用無痛分娩架？」🤰🏻🤰🏻
特別係好想順產既外國人，
佢地既觀念很有趣地係無痛分娩係可以好natural birth 🤔🤔
但我既觀念係，自然生產應該試下用非藥物性既止痛方法👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

對於無痛分娩我個人觀察心得係
如果你係未陰道產過，就唔好太早用無痛分娩‼️
點解呢？
點樣為之早？
下次話你知😼😼

有打過無痛既媽媽分享我知你痛唔痛嗎？

#其實你俾我生仔應該唔用無痛唔得
#我勁怕痛
#應該叫到全層樓都聽到
#d姑娘要逼我打無痛
#講笑者
#其實我地唔會逼人打架
#無痛分挽
#止痛方法
#生仔最緊要止痛
#順產
#關你nurse事
#關你nurse事_懷孕資訊