【自治區節慶 ～ 馬德里節之三（Día de la Comunidad de Madrid）】
今天五月 2 日是馬德里節，導遊趁機介紹一下這個自治區。

馬德里自治區是西班牙的 17 個自治區之一，位於西班牙中部，面積8022km²，人口六百六十萬人，人口最多的是首府馬德里市。

對西班牙人來說，馬德里有名的是它的名菜，例如馬德里式雜燴肉菜鍋（Cocido Madrileño）、馬德里式燉牛肚（Callos a la madrileña）、香炸魷魚圈潛艇堡（Bocadillo de calamares）或辣味馬鈴薯（Patatas bravas），而不是受法定地理標示的那些農牧產品項目。馬德里地區唯一一個讓西班牙人比較有印象、受到法定地理標示保護的特產應該是茴香渣餾白蘭地（Chinchón）。

馬德里自治區的世界遺產包括：
1️⃣ Monasterio y Real Sitio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial (San Lorenzo de El Escorial) 聖羅蘭索·德·艾思各里爾修道院是西班牙王室墓葬所在地
2️⃣ Universidad y recinto histórico de Alcalá de Henares (Alcalá de Henares) 埃納雷斯堡的歷史城區和大學
3️⃣ Paisaje Cultural de Aranjuez (Aranjuez) 阿蘭胡埃斯（夏宮）的文化景觀

馬德里自治區的西班牙國家遺產（Patrimonio Nacional）包括：
🔍 Real Sitio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial 聖羅蘭索·德·艾思各里爾修道院（皇陵）
🔍 Palacio Real de Aranjuez 阿蘭胡埃斯（夏宮）
🔍 Palacio Real de Madrid 皇宮
🔍 Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales 修道院
🔍 Real Monasterio de la Encarnación 修道院
🔍 Ermita de San Antonio de La Florida 教堂
🔍 Jardines del Campo del Moro 花園
🔍 Palacio Real de El Pardo 埃爾帕爾多皇宮
🔍 Monte de El Pardo 山
🔍 Real Monasterio de Santa Isabel 修道院
🔍 Real Basílica de Atocha 教堂
🔍 Panteón de Hombres Ilustres 名人塚
🔍 Bosque de La Herrería 森林
🔍 Abadía Benedictina de la Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caídos 修道院
🔍 Valle de Cuelgamuros 谷
🔍 Real Convento de San Pascual 修道院

馬德里市的景點及旅遊資源包括（馬德里人的綽號是貓咪 gato，所以導遊用貓咪啦！）
🐱 普拉多美術館（Museo del Prado）
🐱 國立蘇菲亞皇后當代藝術中心博物館（Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía）
🐱 提森美術館（Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza）
🐱 皇宮（Palacio Real）
🐱 雷提洛公園（Parque de El Retiro Madrid）
🐱 主廣場（Plaza Mayor）
🐱 太陽門廣場（Puerta del Sol）
🐱 德波神殿（Templo de Debod）

馬德里的天然景觀跟自然生態保護區也不少：
🌲 一個世界自然遺產：原始山毛櫸森林（Hayedos primarios de los Cárpatos y otras regiones de Europa），這是一組聯合國教科文組織認定的世界自然遺產（Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe），範圍遍及 12 個歐洲國家的森林，西班牙的五個山毛櫸森林也包括在裡面。
🌲 一個國家公園：瓜達拉馬山國家公園（Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama）
🌲 兩個聯合國教科文組織的生物圈保護區（Biosphere Reserves）：Cuencas Altas del Río Manzanares, Lozoya y Guadarrama 以及 Sierra del Rincón.
🌲 一個受拉姆薩公約（Ramsar）保護的濕地，以保護水禽棲地：Humedales del Macizo de Peñalara

你去過馬德里嗎？你喜歡嗎？

馬德里自治區旅遊局官方網站：
https://www.esmadrid.com/

#西班牙 #馬德里 #馬德里自治區

【導遊講藝術 ～ 藝術史走一圈】
西班牙有很多收藏豐富的美術館、博物館，在西班牙逛完一個美術館、博物館，就可以把藝術史走一圈了。

其實，在美術館、博物館裡，藝術史並不是枯燥無趣的，每一件藝術品的後面都有它的歷史、人文、社會背景，每一件藝術品都有故事。

舉例來說，十字架上的耶穌，在每個時期表現出來的是不一樣的。

在仿羅馬藝術*裡（圖 1），十字架上的耶穌是優雅莊嚴地「靠」在十字架上，沒有受難痛苦的感覺，手臂平伸，身上有四根釘子，感覺四平八穩地，而且耶穌穿長袍。

從歌德藝術開始（圖 2-4），十字架上的耶穌就越來越「悲慘」，被「釘」在十字架上，身上鮮血淋漓、身體彎曲，手臂高舉，身上只有三根釘子，讓人有不平衡的痛苦感，而且，隨著歷史的演進，「尺度」越來越大，耶穌的腿露的越來越多，耶穌身上穿的從長袍變成「短裙」，最後成為一塊小小的布。

有人注意過嗎？藝術史有趣吧？

沒注意過的人下次記得把美術館、博物館排進行程裡，滿 200 週年的普拉多美術館（Museo Nacional del Prado）收藏著 12-18 世紀的藝術品，提森美術館（Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza）收藏著 13-20 世紀的藝術品，加泰隆尼雅亞藝術博物館（MNAC）收藏著 11-21 世紀的藝術品 ...... 西班牙有很多值得參觀的美術館、博物館喔！

* 這裡的仿羅馬藝術是西文的 Arte románico（英文的 Romanesque art）。我一直無法接受某些中文翻譯把 Arte románico（Romanesque art）翻譯為「羅馬藝術」，因為， Arte románico（Romanesque art）不是兩千年前、羅馬時期的藝術，而是十一、十二世紀（一千年前）的藝術，所以，我比較偏向於把 Arte románico（Romanesque art）翻譯為「仿羅馬藝術」或「羅曼藝術」，以免讀者誤以為是羅馬時期的藝術。

#西班牙 #藝術 #藝術史 #仿羅馬藝術

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เครื่องมือเครื่องใช้สัญชาติเยอรมันถึงแม้จะมีราคาสูง...
Continue ReadingWhy is Germany a country of engineering? / By Investing Man
′′ Germany ′′ the top country of engineering advancement
From electrical appliances, automotive to mandatory system, electric car signals.

German Citizenship Tools Even With High Prices
But it comes with more performance, durability and innovation than anyone.

Many companies that are even over 100 years old.
But these German brands still guarantee their unmatched quality and expertise.

And where does Germany's engineering progress come from?

Welcome to the article series ′′ Branding the Nation ′′ branding instead of country.
Episode why is Germany a country of engineering?
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Situation and economic update with Blockdit
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Investman wants to take everyone back to the 19th century industrial revolution era.

As many people already know that
Britain is the first country in the world to have an industrial revolution since July. B.E. 1780
Followed by Belgium and France

While the economy of other countries in Europe is turning through to progress.
Germany just reunited countries by land which is now Germany. Just completely united for the first time on July. Year 1871 which is the same as the reign of King Rama 5 of the Kingdom of Siam.

From the gathering of German tribes led by the Northern Prussian Kingdom.
With little and big south under the lead of Emperor Wilhelm 1
And Prime Minister Ottoffon Bi Mark

The industrial revolution later made Germans not want to waste their time. Try wrong, try right.
To develop the country to thrive.

The important thing in this regard is to put the process of education and research systematically, therefore, the government puts ′′ education reform ′′ first.

Even many European countries have founded the university since medieval times.
But Europe's academics won't be much involved in the business and industry.

Academics are posing as ′′ gentlemen ′′ not doing business and not messing with industrial sector.
The mechanics, technicians, or anyone involved in the industrial sector will be seen as lower than academics.

But German education doesn't look that way..

With Germany's absence of colony and its revolutionizing industrial slower than many countries.
The only thing that could make the Empire that was recently advanced further than others.
It's scientific advancement, especially in ′′ applied science

Under the lead of Bismarck, huge educational budgeting occurred.
Educational welfare is founded in technical college.
Educational emphasis on Technician and Engineering Career Specifically

Berlin's Technical College of Berlin was established in Year B.E. 1879
Developed from the college of mining that was founded in kho. B.E. 1770
This place is currently the Technical University of Berlin (Technische Universität Berlin)

Apart from Berlin
Technical universities are also established at other states around the country during the evacuation time.
Technical University of Darmstutt, established in July. B.E. 1877
Hannopher Technical University established in July B.E. 1879

Having a unique university in Technician and Engineering
Make a lot of workforce and technicians
When these workers graduate, they can enter into industrial sector immediately.

Government also supports universities to cooperate with industrial sector.
There is a collaborative research between academics and businessmen in industry circles.

Engineering research is easily implemented in the business world.
When businesses can make profit, they give money back to support research.
Later on, many big companies start having their own research and development institutions.

Germany's engineering development is growing in a leap.
Especially in the steel industry.

The German Empire Steel Industry Center is located around the Roore River Valley.
Aka Ruhrgebiet (Ruhrgebiet) which is west of the country.
This area is a major source of iron and coal mineral, with an epicenter in Esseen.

But originally, most steel industries use mild steel, these iron are fragile.
Make it not yet applied for much use.

For steel to be stronger and more durable, it is necessary to transform the chemical structure of steel by fusing and filling the mineral into steel.

But ironing requires a very high temperature at the moment, no effective and cost effective stove for production.

How to produce Siemens-Martin Steel
Which was invented in July. 1865 by 2 researchers
One of them is German named Sir Carl Wilhelm Siemens
Created an accelerated steel squid oven that can heat up to 1,500 degrees Celsius.
It's called a pan stove or open hearth furnace.

With education system that strongly connects research and industrial sector.
Not long ago, German steel company brought a new refiner.
xỳāng rwdrĕw application in the steel industry

Led by steel company called ′′ Krupp ′′

Krupp company founded by the Krupp family has a history back to mid 16th century.
There is an office located in Esseen during which German railway expands rapidly.
Esen City becomes the center of the steel industry.
Krupp company also leads to manufacturing metal-based products such as railroad tracks and locomotives.

Alfred Krupp has funded research to find out how to produce steel.
Scholarship to the scholars when a new refiner comes out successfully.
Krupp company has become a leader in global export steel production.
From railroad tracks, development to machinery and factories.

Not long ago, Germany was on board, Europe's major steel manufacturer overtakes England.

Krupp company currently has merged with Thyssen steel company.
Became a ′′ Thyssenkrupp ′′ company.

Even the steel industry is going to lower the role.
But Thyssenkrupp has continued to be a leader in engine parts.
Aircraft, elevator and escalator components.

Apart from the steel industry, another industry in which German engineering knowledge has advanced over many countries during the same time is the electrical industry.
Led by a company called ′′ Siemens ′′

Founder of this company is Werner von Siemens Berlin electric engineer
This is the real brother of Sir Carl Wilhelm Siemens who invented steel production methods.

Werner von Siemens has automatically invented a typed telegram system.
Instead of knocking, using Morse code, then founded Siemens company in July. B.E. 1847

Siemens company has expanded its business across Europe and USA.

Werner von Siemens also the world's first electric elevator developer in July. B.E. 1880
The inventor of mechanical dynamo that transforms mechanical energy into electric energy.
And build an electric bus or Trolley Bus in July. B.E. 1882

Siemens are currently the world's leading electrical engineering company.
There are a variety of products from electronics, electric car, medical tools.
Electric train signal system to wind turbine technology

In addition to Thyssenkrupp and Siemens, the brand is under 100 years old.
Germany also has many engineering companies that all have the same age.

The whole Leica company founded in July. B.E. 1869
Expert in the production of eyelet lenses, medical devices and cameras.

AEG company founded in July. 1883 Manufacturer of large generator and tram system

Osram company separated from Siemens in July. Prof. 1909 is a leader in light bulb technology.

Dedication to developing applied science education and connecting to the business sector, opens new advancements in engineering.
And bring Germany to step up, standing in the front line of the world's leading industrial countries.

But not only the advancements in the steel and electrical industry.

Founded Technical University will produce important people in the science industry.
To take Germany to open the world into a new industry.

Industry that will forever change people's lifestyle
′′ The chemical industry "..

Prepare to meet the article series ′′ Branding the Nation ′′ to build brand instead of country.
In the next episode coming soon..
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Situation and economic update with Blockdit
There's a podcast to listen to on the go.
Blockdit.com/download

Love this article. Must read this book.
′′ 1,000 year world economy ′′
If you want to know the possibilities of the world economy, you need to understand

1,000 year world economy, 6th print.

This book will talk about the history of the world economy since Fri 1100 Keep going until 1100 B.E. 2019

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References
- Robert C. Allen, World Economic History
- Chattip Nak Supha, History of Comparative Industrial Revolution
-.. .. Chachphon Kolkathada, a war that never won.
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_hearth_furnace
-https://www.thyssenkrupp.com/en/productsTranslated

無論係偽文青，定藝文青都要睇呀！今集 #又飛啦TV 世界又飛啦 西班牙之旅，Jacky Lai 阿拉​ 帶大家去馬德里多間免費博物館， 參觀富麗堂皇嘅皇宮？免費！睇國寶級嘅藝術品？免費！欣賞畢卡索名畫？都係免費！睇得多，唔知呃到Like，氣質都出晒嚟。即 #Tag朋友一齊睇

節目重溫
第一集：https://youtu.be/IFR6XLmVKqo（西班牙初體驗）
第二集：https://youtu.be/r-TPHj8Jg1k（食盡西班牙世紀名菜）
第三集：https://youtu.be/LrvH3n_FlZw（西班牙必買手信）
第四集：https://youtu.be/xXNUMJMXjDo（黑毛豬體驗館）

記得訂閱我們Youtube：http://flyagain.tv/