很多人以為在學校的霸凌著都是壞學生或流氓，但根據一個美國的調查，大部份在中學內的霸凌者，其實是受歡迎的學生群。

不要誤會我的意思，我不是說受歡迎的學生會霸凌其他學生，而是會霸凌的，往往是在學校中的社交地位，屬於高的一群。

其實霸凌者在面對受害者的時候，往往都有一種優越感。

你們也不要把自信和優越感混同，自信是一種「我做到，所以我知道我的成績單上甚麼」的心態，你是有付出有成果的。

優越感到底是甚麼？

我用另一個例子來講，你就會明白。

希特勒年代的時候，他們就是認為自己是雅利安族血統，比猶太人優越，但猶太人搶了他們的錢和女人。美國的三K黨，就是白人至上的優越感。還有現代變種的中華優越感。

還有馬來西亞一些人認為某族群是最優越的，只不過是被另一族群壟斷了生意和錢。

Baron Zemo這角色在 Falcon & Winter Soldier裡面講了一句很尖銳的話：The desire to become a superhuman cannot be separated from supremacist ideals。大意就是「想成為超級人類的慾望，是不能跟族群至上主義分開的。」

覺得雅利安白人是最優越的族群時，在面對他們認為的賤族時，就好像人類在農場殲滅害蟲的態度一樣，是很恐怖的。

從族群我們再下一層，有時候還會發現一些人是覺得自己比離婚的人更有優越感，另一些人是覺得自己比同性戀者或娘炮更優越，所以一些時候這類少數群體，也很容易成為霸凌者的對象。

霸凌者就是一個小型的族群優越感，他在霸凌你的時候，不管你會發聲、不發聲、看著他、不看著他、有沒有表情都好，都會被他挑剔。

別說在學校的霸凌，就算在家裡面，不管孩子多少歲，有些父母是會霸凌孩子的。一些老公會霸凌老婆，一些是老婆霸凌老公。

不管霸凌者的欺凌範圍是大還是小，共同點都是優越感。

為甚麼霸凌者不會覺得自己是錯的？

請問農夫殺掉農場的害蟲，他們會內疚嗎？

霸凌者會不會改變呢？

有一些是會的，中學時候的霸凌者，不代表他到了職場上依然會霸凌其他人。可能在職場上泡個五年十年後，你再見會這位前霸凌者，可能完全偵察不到他有任何霸凌的氣焰，搞不好十年下來他也被人霸凌過不少。

特別是霸凌者如果在一個工作環境中是最有姿色的女生，她受男女兩方的霸凌機率是高的，受女性的霸凌，更甚。但帥哥卻不會因為帥而被人霸凌。你再跟這些中學時期的霸凌者談回中學時候他如何霸凌小同學，她們還有可能忘記了。

忘記了，不一定代表他人格有甚麼問題。就好像一個農夫在多年後開始不從事農業，也不殺害蟲老鼠了，不代表他會後悔他以前殺過的老鼠或害蟲。

我不是不相信霸凌者能夠被教育到開始明白霸凌是不對，但受害者必須知道教育他，不是你的工作，你的工作是阻止他的霸凌。

大部份的霸凌者在一開始要霸凌你的時候，往往都會先測試一下你的接受度，一些語言上的侮辱，都是從微小的地方開始。

如果他察覺到你聽了一些小霸凌後，沒有意識到。或者有意識到了、會介意，但沒有反抗跡象，他下一次的時候就會再把霸凌強度提高。

你的工作就是在霸凌的雛形一出時，就需要在那一刻就正視，你一定要用你的方法應付，不管你用甚麼方法，搞笑的、憤怒的、哭包的、發羊癲的，都務必讓他很有印象。

你這個印象必須是他沒有想過你會這樣，脫了他的原有框架，才是要點。

要知道，個別的霸凌者在進行霸凌時，是有很機械式的方程式。

打破了原有框架，他的原定霸凌程式才沒那麼容易繼續運作下去。

霸凌者是認為自己比你優越，你必須清楚的給他知道，那是很可笑妄想。

「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

各行各業的AARRR （下）

#快消品零售：決策時長1-10分鐘

快消品(FMCG) 指的是在貨架上週轉率很高，消費者天天周周月月在買的東西，像是飲料、衛生紙、洗髮精、甚至保養品都是。

這類商品是我最疑惑到底適合不適合使用AARRR模型的，畢竟除了週末去看電影或逛街遇到做活動，誰買飲料是經過試喝的，多半是看到新奇有趣，品牌還算可靠，或者朋友中沒有傳來惡評就可以買了吧。以我今年買過喬亞咖啡（可口可樂引進，日本累積銷售第一，陳柏霖代言）的經驗

A 到處都看到陳柏霖拿咖啡的廣告，好像聽說是日本精品咖啡 -->
A 聽說超商有賣７折價， 去找找看（我還找了好幾天！） -->
R 不難喝，排隊等煮咖啡要等太久時候，可以試喝第二次 -->
R (以下沒發生）太好喝了，乾脆買個一箱囤貨 -->
R (還是沒發生) 越喝越喜歡，推薦朋友非買不可

有沒有發現，我把首購當成激活啟用，而不是獲利。

這是因為快消品的試飲活動再怎麼頻繁，了不起也只能接觸到幾千人（假設一場活動有10個試喝攤位，時長2小時，每小時每個攤位試喝100人，也不過接觸到2000人。那還得找到有2000人出沒的場子），這些試喝試飲活動通常是做品牌宣傳，給個印象，而不是真的圖從這裡轉化消費。

真的首次激活消費，其實是從鋪天蓋地零售商的上市折扣算起。你說快消品利潤高，即使七折還是大賺，怎麼能把七折類比於免費試用呢？

如果我們把快消品上市的廣宣費用對比到有多少不重複客人首購，例如兩千萬元的上市預算，首批鋪貨量180萬罐，首月銷售50%，那每罐負擔的廣告成本是22元。

廣告預算 = 2,000 萬元
便利商店 = 1.2萬家
每家鋪貨6箱，每箱24瓶，每家鋪 124瓶
首批鋪貨 = 173 萬瓶（大約算 180萬瓶，比較好心算)
假設銷售 50% (這是高估，其實我只看到我自己買，排隊時候沒看到其他人買)
首批銷貨 = 90 萬瓶
每賣出一瓶廣告成本 = 22 元
以我們一開始計算收益的方式，ROAS = 1.7 （Return on Ad spend. 一塊廣告賺多少收入）

這怎麼算我的第一次購買都不會讓廠商賺錢吧，更別說還有上架費、物流費、授權費、瓶罐生產費等等費用得支出（對，我都不想算飲料本身的成本了，低到不想看...)

你說但可口可樂是巴菲特最愛的公司不是嗎？這中間一定哪裡有問題吧，關鍵在復購，當消費者持續購買甚至指名購買，用它取代我其他日常飲料，或因為有這個產品而增加喝咖啡的次數時候，這產品才開始替公司賺錢。

你又說這種計算過於瑣碎，實務上沒人這樣算。我十多年前做快消品的時候，還真的不會這樣算，不但因為財務能力還不夠（或是有些資訊攤不出來），也因為算不出來哪次是首購哪次是復購等等，但坦白說今日的財務數據與消費者數據取得容易許多，計算這些是很有價值的。

當然啦，這種歸類是我的個人意見，目的是要強調追蹤、成本與獲利收益的概念。在不同組織或不同商業目的下，會有不同認定與做法。

而傳統上快消品用的模型是AIDA (Attention 引起興趣->Intention 誘發注意 --> Desire 刺激慾望 --> Action 誘發購買)，也沒有細分成試用、首購、續留、推薦，這跟銷售與溝通通路的轉變都有關係，從AIDA 到AARRR 的線上線下通路整合，就又是得開另一篇來寫的題目了（畢竟已經五千字了, 我哭）。

*我把之前寫過一篇AIDA 的連結也放在留言

.

小結一下，

AARRevenueR 先留客再獲利最後轉介：品牌電商、汽車金融業、教育App或軟體、快消品
AARRRevenue 先留客再呼朋引伴最後獲利：手遊
AARevenueRR 先收錢再續用最後轉介：訂閱制服務（Spotify、SaaS)

經典的AARRR模型（Acquisition拉新-->Activation激活啟用-->Retention留存-->Revenue獲利-->Referrel轉介）用在品牌電商或者汽車金融業很合理，

但用在手遊等實質是廣告的產業，可能得把獲利擺最後，讓消費者（aka 工具人）使用越久並且拉越多朋友來才是上算。

而在快消品業，過去沒辦法清楚分清哪單是試用，哪單是留存，哪單是獲利，有了更精準的財務分析或數據追蹤系統後，有可能可以把一切都看清楚。

.

這些思考的起源都是，不看淨利不追蹤到P&L的最後怎麼行？要了解自己行業的真正商業模型，才能夠確認你的AARRR模型怎麼用。

也歡迎你分享自己家的商業模型與你觀察到的AARRR

......

而寫個人部落格卻不加上打賞連結，就是個挺失格的行為，簡直是在路邊派發沒有聯絡地址與電話與ＱＲＣＯＤＥ的傳單...

歡迎鞭策我快把打賞連結做好（進度：已經申請好金流了，下一步要去部落格裝套件

Nordvpn會有3折優惠再送一個月全免費service給你, 而為慶祝Nordvpn 8歲生日, 2月10號之前申請會機會得到免費禮品!
請使用以下連結: https://nordvpn.com/deepwebkid
優惠碼: deepwebkid

會員: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8vabPSRIBpwSJEMAPCnzVQ/join

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dw_kid12/

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/deepwebkid/?modal=admin_todo_tour
訂閱: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8vabPSRIBpwSJEMAPCnzVQ?sub_confirmation=1

鬼故事: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4rmkFI1ik0&list=PLglqLngY6gv5BCwaoP-q6DOwUmw1lIusF

我最高觀看次數的影片 (我為何不再拍暗網? 只說一次): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbihKaqEEQw&t=127s

曼德拉效應: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMutzRIE_uE&list=PLglqLngY6gv5BCwaoP-q6DOwUmw1lIusF&index=17&t=5s

我的100K成長故事: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kdhtp6A6YJE

破解Kate yup事件是假的! 不是綁架! 不要被騙! (Facebook上的證據): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NJVt56ORWo&t=2s

日本最殘酷的直播節目: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7E81OKVX7wc

網上最可怕的一個字 (Ft. HenHen TV): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLedkSHc7Os&t=145s

[恐怖影片] 5個Netflix上最恐怖的glitch | 消失的童年卡通片

(今天的五個題目)

黑白電視機的60年代, 每部靈異恐怖劇也是被經典節目Twilight Zone所影響. 原著編劇深度開埸白, 恐怖情節對社會與政治的irony.

black mirror的靈異畫面

Twilight zone新世代版Black Mirror誇大表現一個被social media扭曲的平行時空. 恐怖的是Black Mirror警告會發生的未來, 已有傳在播放他的平台Netflix可見到一些Glitch.

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還有...全球地區的Netflix也看得到.
(Show black mirror glitch) 但有些畫面, 你可能不會想見到.

2019年中多名Netflix用戶據稱看Netflix時畫面閃出一格該畫面. (Show clip) 而是在跟black mirror沒有任何關係的節目出現. Netflix出來交待此事件只是system Glitch. 但陰謀論表示是一種名subliminal message的大腦控制手法. 政府, 迪士尼已被發現內容常有這種奇怪信息. 一些地區, 廣告用這手法是列為犯法. 其實這種名supraliminal message非Subliminal messages, subliminal是控制我們潛意識, 而好像這個(image) 我們意識上見到的是supraliminal message.
但這畫面真的是 ‘意外’ 嗎?

Netflix上的兒童色情
2018年6月這個電影開場導致Netflix被彙報到美國FBI部門National Centre for missing and exploited children. 戲中一起演出發現初次 ‘自摸’ 的兩位小女孩真實年齡只有7歲和9歲.
這部名 ‘Desire’ 的2017年阿根廷電影之後導演Diego Kaplan出來解釋拍攝時兩名小演員也不知道拍攝實質內容意義. “...they were just copying what they were seeing on the screen. No adults interacted with the girls... Everything was done under the careful surveillance of the girl’s mother”
但根據美國Department of justice ‘任何描述未成年人士做出性行的媒介也是非法的’

最後勝利? 如果現在上Netflix找desire該電影還在.

消失的童年卡通片
我自己英文頻道Horrorstudio1其實早於2015年已經有講關Creepypasta (網上都市傳說) Candle cove. 在討論區上曾有多名用戶聲稱小時候70年代常常在58台看一tou關於海盜的卡通片candle cove. 其中整一集節目30分鐘, 是一個女孩對著鏡頭痛哭. candle cove沒找到任何官方資料. 一名網友問到自己家長對這卡通有沒有印象時, 網友母親說他小時候會每天同一時間, 開電視對著電視機的雪花看, 然後笑.

這都市傳聞之後被破解是網上漫畫家Kris straub一個創作. 但根據一些資料Netflix曾有24小時是可以看到candle cove. 當然現在找就沒有啦.
曾經Netflix也試過Glitch整個節目庫只有black mirror一部被你選擇. 這又是不是真的呢?


武漢肺炎
2020年1月8號New York Times報導中國鑒定出武漢肺炎. 同一天Netflix推出一部名Pandemic的電視節目. “Is Netflix owned by China?...when I checked Netflix, pandemic and doomsday preppers were the top 2 trending series” 陰謀論是Netflix背後一早知道肺炎會爆發, 所以該事件絕對是人為! 但其實病毒12月中已經已被發現到. ‘Pandemic’ 本身亦不是一個針對武漢事件的一個節目. 題材其實只是講對抗病毒的前線醫護人員.
並且netflix因病毒事件推出自己相關節目又不是什麼預知未來的能力. 這樣講我 ‘武漢事件’ 期間推出相關Youtube片難道我又是知道內情的背後人物嗎?
我相信netflix這麼大的娛樂公司一定有節在. 等有討論ga jik時自然就推出.

甚至Kobe Bryant的死也被説是為jeh koy這件事. 我覺得不是.

Netflix上不該搜尋的字
有討論區表示, 如果你在Netflix搜尋打 ‘exam’ 這個字, 顯示出來會是一些挺不安的節目編目. 這個字是我們不該去搜尋的嗎? 有人指出是政府一大堆洗腦控制人類的電影. 其實這個只不過是Netflix內部測試影片能否成功傳遞給用戶的裝置. 聽說打 ‘Example short 23.976’ 特別恐怖.

Tou中找到Netflix關於Flat Earth(地平說) 紀錄片. 該紀錄片支持我們身處的地球不是一個圓形的星體, 而是一peen有盡頭的陸地. 除此之外, 有Marilyn monroe的死跟外星人有關之類一大堆的所謂 ‘陰謀’ documentary. 在美國文化當中Youtube, whatsapp已對這些未經科學證實的資訊不會lup loon廣傳. 可能netflix未掌握到這點, 因為他的影響力真的很大.

(Netflix附加Glitch)

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☕️這次去的咖啡店

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💄Today's Makeup ＆ outfits

1. 粉底 / 植村秀 無極限超時輕粉底
2. 睫毛膏 / 1028 飛激長瞬翹防水睫毛膏
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I'M MEME 我愛絨光氣墊唇萃 #06 （逛完Tomod's）
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5. 穆勒鞋 / ZARA
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👄 朵murmur

我發現我好像慢慢會剪vlog了～～
之前組織困難的問題，這次比較沒這麼嚴重
所以影片也沒有拖很久！希望再接再厲💪
沒有想要走那種很高級的vlog, 但希望大家可以更貼近我們的生活😄
然後... 這次選的歌都是精挑細選，會起雞皮疙瘩那種
希望妳們喜歡。


最後我要來募集台北簡約時髦的好拍咖啡店！！！
大家可以提供幾間不錯的給我嗎？

🙏🙏🙏


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🎬 必看淘寶開箱影片清單


▌淘寶開箱#03 ▌淘寶耳環30副大開箱 。上集

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warm thoughts w/ slipfunc

desire / omarr

There Won't Be Trouble / computer science

Stop Liking, Start Loving / 라이너스의 담요(Linus` Blanket)

honesty / euna




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