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雖然這篇bread可以加s嗎鄉民發文沒有被收入到精華區:在bread可以加s嗎這個話題中,我們另外找到其它相關的精選爆讚文章

在 bread可以加s嗎產品中有4篇Facebook貼文,粉絲數超過517的網紅Lanki Food Explorer,也在其Facebook貼文中提到, 「活在大世界化做敵人,如此冷酷嗎?」 靈魂若果變賣了?是否再沒有心跳? 紅遍全球現今卻變成過街老鼠,當初既決定 究竟係岩抑或錯?我諗只有佢一個知。 係呢件事我起碼知道原來呢個世界所有野 都係等價交換,有得揀我好想自己思想變 得簡單d,靜靜地浮係地中海,又或者 深山做一個野人,係「Opa Medite...

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bread可以加s嗎 在 Less Is More 教育革命軍 Instagram 的最讚貼文

2021-07-11 08:51:56

【#limtragic】 你是否有這種感覺 在我們從小到大的英文學習中 不管學生問什麼 老師永遠都會說 「固定搭配、習慣用法」 這未免讓人有些沮喪 於是我從小就對這「八個字」非常懷疑 我認為一切現象的背後都必然有其原因 所以我學英文的過程 是一個非常不服氣的過程 一個持續不斷的反抗的過程 因為...

  • bread可以加s嗎 在 Lanki Food Explorer Facebook 的精選貼文

    2021-05-06 09:47:04
    有 0 人按讚

    「活在大世界化做敵人,如此冷酷嗎?」
    靈魂若果變賣了?是否再沒有心跳?
    紅遍全球現今卻變成過街老鼠,當初既決定
    究竟係岩抑或錯?我諗只有佢一個知。
    係呢件事我起碼知道原來呢個世界所有野
    都係等價交換,有得揀我好想自己思想變
    得簡單d,靜靜地浮係地中海,又或者
    深山做一個野人,係「Opa Mediterranean
    Bar · Bistro」或者比到個機會我演活一下,
    一個浪漫既無人之境。 👇
    -
    📌P a r r i l l a -
    ▪ Mixed Seafood · Skewers - $188
    ▫ 人氣名菜「海鮮·拼盤串燒」亦係黎呢
    到必試之一,可以一次過食勻吞拿魚、
    三文魚、大蝦、豬肉同埋青紅椒。雖然
    經燒過但食落唔會太乾身,肉汁仲係返到;
    加埋伴隨既水牛城辣醬,份外惹味;底部
    仲有Pita bread比你連埋一齊食,
    入口夠哂軟綿,唔錯。
    -
    📌Signature Risotto · Flambe -
    ▪ Original Seafood · Risotto - $168
    ▫ 要食得地道當然要整返個「傳統·海鮮
    意大利飯」,淨計份量,海鮮首當其衝,
    裡面食到好多蝦粒、魚柳、青口,鮮味
    十足。而飯身上枱時仲夠微熱,食落有咬口,
    唔會太熟,帶返正宗生米感覺,食得過。
    -
    📌D e s s e r t -
    ▪ T i r a m i s u - $68
    ▫ 甜品整返個我最愛既「提拉米蘇」就一定
    咖啦,表面就咁睇都知夠哂穩陣,面頭灑上
    可可粉,咖啡同酒味兩者幾夾;加上內裡
    夾雜濃稠既忌廉,成個口感相當突出,好食。
    -
    📌Signature · Shisha’s -
    ▪ Love · Sick - $250
    ▫ 呢到既環境咁有feel,嗌埋個shisha一齊
    chill下先不如?價錢好抵玩,兩舊水仲有
    梳化比你坐住黎嘆,唔錯既體驗!
    -
    📎 Opa Mediterranean Bar · Bistro
    📍尖沙咀漆咸道南33-35號友聯大廈地舖1-2號舖

  • bread可以加s嗎 在 初夏的東港之櫻 Facebook 的最佳解答

    2015-06-21 15:14:45
    有 441 人按讚


    那個南方叫屏東
    屏東的黑鮪魚好ㄘ(〃∀〃)

    【2016,這就是台灣人想要的總統!】

    「妳回北京以後,告訴他們,」蔡英文說:「台灣的下一任總統曾經為妳服務過。」

    (“Go back to Beijing,” says Tsai, “and tell them you were served by the next President of Taiwan.”)

    上面那段話,是這幾天來,最讓我感佩與震撼的一段話。那是蔡英文主席接受《TIME》雜誌專訪長文的結語,鏗鏘有力,也讓人無比動容...

    2016,我希望我能有幸擁有這樣的總統,一股溫柔的力量,卻又充滿自信與霸氣,不慍不火、不卑不亢,而這正是台灣這個即將新生的島國,用來在世界永續立足,最需要的態度。

    朋友們告訴我,昨天附上的《TIME》雜誌英漢對照翻譯文章,已經被下架了。對此,我真的感到非常遺憾。(更新消息:PTT貼文者並非原譯,因恐引起誤會而刪文。原譯文出自獨立記者Jessie Chen臉書,特此致謝。)

    對於那篇連夜趕出的翻譯稿,也許不同立場的朋友,會有不同想法與批評。但對於譯者的熱心與用心,我只有發自內心的感激和敬佩。因此,我在網路上找到備份文章,再一次(無修改)分享給我的朋友們,需要的,就幫忙再傳播出去吧!

    德不孤必有鄰,一位擅長漫畫的朋友,也默默傳了她關於那段「溫柔力量」談話的圖像詮釋。淡淡的畫風,彷彿原景重現,對我而言,那份感動,似乎又更深了一些...

    有人以文字速譯向小英致敬、有人以圖像速寫向小英致敬──

    而我,只能藉此臉書一角,向翻譯者、漫畫家,跟小英總統本人,獻上最誠心的祝福與感謝!

    謝謝你們,讓台灣變成一個更好更美的地方。
     

    ──────────底下為英漢對照翻譯原文──────────

    民進黨主席暨總統參選人蔡英文登上最新一期時代雜誌封面,標題是「她將可能領導華人世界唯一民主國家, She Could Lead The Only Chinese Democracy」。蔡主席是繼印度總理莫迪、印尼總統佐科威、韓國總統朴槿惠後,最新一位登上時代雜誌封面的亞洲領導人。

    中英譯全文:

    雜誌封面
    She Could Lead the Only Chinese Democracy
    And that makes Beijing nervous
    她將可能領導華人世界唯一的民主國家
    這讓北京感到緊張

    目錄頁
    Cover Story: Championing Taiwan
    Presidential front runner Tsai Ing-wen wants to put the island’s interests first
    封面故事:壯大台灣
    總統大選領先者蔡英文要將台灣利益置於優先

    內頁大標
    ‘The Next President Of Taiwan’
    That’s how Tsai Ing-wen refers to herself. But will the island’s voters agree?
    台灣的下一任總統
    蔡英文是這樣認為。但是這座島嶼的選民會同意嗎?

    內文
    Emily Rauhala / 台北報導 Adam Ferguson / 攝影

    Tsai Ing-wen is making breakfast. The presidential candidate cracks five eggs and lets them bubble with bacon in the pan. She stacks slices of thick, white toast. It’s a recipe adapted from British chef Jamie Oliver, but the ingredients, she can’t help but say, are pure Taiwan. The meat comes courtesy of Happy Pig, a farm near her spare but tasteful Taipei apartment, the bread from a neighborhood bakery. She offers me an orange. “Organic,” she says, in English. “And local, of course.”

    蔡英文正在做早餐。這位總統候選人打了五個蛋,和著平底鍋裡面的培根一起吱吱作響,再把一片片白色的厚片土司疊起來。料理手法學自英國名廚傑米奧利佛(Jamie Oliver),但是她忍不住要說,烹調食材屬於最純粹的台灣原料。培根來自「快樂豬」農場,距離她那簡單卻有品味的公寓不遠,而麵包是從她家附近的烘培坊買來的。她遞了一顆橘子給我,用英文跟我說:「有機的!當然也是在地的。」

    This is not an average breakfast for the 58-year-old lawyer turned politician running to become Taiwan’s next President—most days she grabs a coffee and books it to the car. But it is, in many ways, oh so Tsai. The Taipei-raised, U.S.- and U.K.-educated former negotiator wrote her doctoral thesis on international trade law. As a minister, party chair and presidential candidate (she narrowly lost to two-term incumbent Ma Ying-jeou in the 2012 race), Tsai gained a reputation for being wonky—the type who likes to debate protectionism over early-morning sips of black coffee or oolong tea.

    對於這位58歲、從律師轉變成政治人物的總統候選人來說,這可不是她平常吃的早餐。她通常隨手抓一杯咖啡在車上喝。不過許多方面來說,這應該可以算是一貫的「蔡式」風格。這位在臺北長大、在英美留學過的談判專家,博士論文寫的是國際貿易法。在她當陸委 會主委、民進黨主席、總統候選人期間(她在2012年的總統大選中以些微差距輸給了馬英九總統),得到學院派的風評──她是那種喜歡在早上喝黑咖啡或烏龍茶時,跟你辯論保護主義的人。

    Now, as the early front runner in Taiwan’s January 2016 presidential election, her vision for the island is proudly, defiantly, Taiwan-centric. Tsai says she would maintain the political status quo across the strait with China—essentially, both Taipei and Beijing agreeing to disagree as to which represents the one, true China, leaving the question of the island’s fate to the future. But Tsai wants to put Taiwan’s economy, development and culture first. While Ma and his government have pushed for new trade and tourism pacts with Beijing—China accounts for some 40% of Taiwan’s exports—Tsai aims to lessen the island’s dependence on the mainland by building global ties and championing local brands. “Taiwan needs a new model, ” she tells TIME.

    現在,身為在2016年台灣總統大選中的領先者,蔡英文的願景充滿自信又堅定地強調以台灣為核心。蔡英文說她會維持兩岸的現狀──這指的是說臺北與北京彼此同意對於何者代表中國保留不同的認知(註明:這是時代雜誌記者的見解),並且把這個島嶼的命運留給未來決定。但,蔡英文想要將台灣的經濟、發展與文化置於首位。當馬英九和他的政府推動與中國的貿易及觀光協議時(中國占台灣出口的百分之四十),蔡英文希望加強與世界連結、扶植台灣品牌,以降低台灣對中國的依賴。她對時代雜誌說:「台灣需要一個新模式」。

    Whether voters share her vision is a question that matters beyond Taipei. Taiwan is tiny, with a population of only 23 million, but its economy—powered by electronics, agriculture and tourism—ranks about mid-20s in the world by GDP size, with a GDP per capita about thrice that of China’s. Ceded by China’s Qing dynasty to Japan after the 1894–95 First Sino-Japanese War, colonized by Tokyo for half a century, then seized by Nationalist forces fleeing the Communists at the end of the Chinese civil war, Taiwan has long been a pawn in a regional great game. It is a linchpin for the U.S. in East Asia alongside Japan, South Korea and the Philippines, and, most important, it’s the only real democracy in the Chinese-speaking world.
    “This election matters because it’s a window into democracy rooted in Chinese tradition,” says Lung Ying-tai, an author and social commentator who recently stepped down as Culture Minister. “Because of Taiwan, the world is able to envision a different China.”

    台灣的選民是否同意她的願景,是一件擴及台北以外的事情。台灣的土地雖小,只有兩千三百萬的人口,但是經濟因電子業,農業以及觀光業的支,以國內生產毛額來說在世界排名第二十幾名。台灣的國內人均產值則是中國的三倍。台灣在1894-95的中日戰爭被中國清朝割讓後,被日本殖民了半個世紀;之後在中國內戰結束時逃避共產黨的國民黨勢力給佔領。長期以來台灣是區域競爭中的一個棋子。在美國的東亞布局中,台灣、日本、南韓及菲律賓同為最關鍵的環節。更重要的是,台灣是在華語世界中唯一一個真正的民主國家。甫卸任文化部長的作者與社會評論員龍應台表示:「這場選舉很重要,因為它提供了一個窗口,讓外界一探以中華文化為根基的民主……因為台灣,世界得以想像一個不一樣的中國。」

    Taiwan’s politics irritate and befuddle Beijing. To the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Taiwan is the province that got away, a living, breathing, voting reminder of what could happen to China if the CCP loosens its grip on its periphery, from Tibet to Xinjiang to Hong Kong. Beijing is particularly wary of a change in government from Ma’s relatively China-friendly Kuomintang (KMT) to Tsai’s firmly China-skeptic Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). When Tsai ran for President in 2012, Beijing blasted her, without actually naming her, as a “troublemaker” and “splittist”—CCP-speak reserved for Dalai Lama–level foes. “A DPP government means uncertainty for cross-strait ties,” says Lin Gang, a Taiwan specialist at Shanghai Jiao Tong University’s School of International and Public Affairs.

    台灣的政治讓北京感到惱怒又百思不解。對中國共產黨來說,台灣是一個逃走的省,也是對中國活生生的提醒──若中國鬆懈對於香港、西藏及新疆等非核心地區的掌控時,可能會發生的事。北京對於台灣的政權,由對中國相對友善的馬政府輪替到對中國保持疑慮的民進黨,抱持格外戒慎的態度。蔡英文在2012年參選總統的時候,北京雖然沒有指名道姓,卻明顯對她大肆抨擊,說她是一個「麻煩製造者」或「分裂主義者」——在共產黨的術語中,這些話專門達賴喇嘛這一層級的仇敵。任教於上海交通大學國際與公共關係學院的台灣事務專家林岡說:「民進黨政府代表的是兩岸關係的不確定性。」

    To the U.S., which is bound by the Taiwan Relations Act to come to the island’ s aid if it’s attacked, Taiwan is a longtime friend and unofficial ally, though the strength of that friendship is being tested by China’s rise. Washington worries that Taiwan’s people, especially its youth, are growing warier of China, and that any conflict between the two might draw in the U.S.
    “What this election has done is crystallize the changes, the shift in public opinion,” says Shelley Rigger, a Taiwan scholar at Davidson College in North Carolina and the author of Why Taiwan Matters. “I don’t think cross-strait relations are going to be easy going forward, and that’s not something U.S. policymakers want to hear.”

    對美國來說,根據《台灣關係法》,在台灣受到武力攻擊的情況下,須協防台灣。台灣是美國長期友邦和非正式盟國,儘管兩國之間友誼的強度正受到中國崛起的考驗。華府擔心台灣人民,特別是年輕人,對於中國的警戒心逐漸提高,而兩者之間的衝突可能會把美國牽扯進來。著有《台灣為何重要》(Why Taiwan Matters)一書的美國北卡羅來那州戴維森大學(Davidson College)教授任雪麗(Shelley Rigger)說:「這場選舉讓所有的改變具體化,反映出民意板塊的移動……我不認為接下來的兩岸關係會更融洽,而這不是美國的政策制定者想要聽到的東西。」

    The KMT has yet to formally nominate a candidate for the top job, but the favorite is Hung Hsiu-chu, the legislature’s female deputy speaker. Nicknamed ”little hot pepper” because of her diminutive stature and feisty manner, Hung, 67, would be a contrast to the more professorial Tsai should she get the KMT’s nod. “I don’t think [Tsai] is a strong opponent,” Hung tells TIME. Yet the DPP’s choice, who has already started pressing the flesh islandwide, is spirited too. “People have this vision of me as a conservative person, but I’m actually quite adventurous,” she says. And possessed of a sharp sense of humor—when I compliment her cooking, Tsai looks at me with mock exasperation: “I have a Ph.D., you know.”

    國民黨雖然還未正式提名總統候選人,但目前最被看好的就是立法院副院長洪秀柱。因為身材嬌小與好戰性格而被封為「小辣椒」的洪秀柱(67歲),如果獲黨的提名,將與擁有學者形象的蔡英文,呈現顯著的對比。洪秀柱向時代記者表示:「我不認為蔡英文是一位強的對手」。然而,民進黨的候選人已經士氣高昂,在全台各地展開競選活動。蔡英文說:「有些人認為我是一個保守的人,但我其實是很愛冒險的」。她有一種犀利的幽默感──當我讚美她的廚藝時,她用搞笑的語氣假裝惱怒說:「我可是擁有博士學位的。」

    Tsai grew up in a home on Taipei’s Zhongshan Road North, a street named after Taiwan’s symbolic father, Sun Yat-sen, the Chinese revolutionary who helped overthrow the Qing and co-founded the KMT. Her own father, an auto mechanic turned property developer, was of the Confucian kind: he encouraged her to study hard but also expected her, as the youngest daughter, to devote herself to his care. “I was not considered a kid that would be successful in my career,” says Tsai.

    蔡英文在台北的中山北路長大,這條街是以革命推翻清朝、成立國民黨並視為國父的孫逸仙命名。她的父親是一位修車技師,後來成為土地開發商。他承襲了儒家思想,希望蔡英文要用功讀書,但也期許身為小女兒的蔡英文可以留在父親身邊照顧他。蔡英文說:「我小時候不是一個被認為未來會有成就的孩子。」

    After attending university in Taiwan, she studied law at Cornell in New York because, she says, it seemed the place for a young woman who “wanted to have a revolutionary life.” From there she went to the London School of Economics, where she earned her Ph.D., also in law, in less than three years. “That pleased my father,” she says. When he called her home, she obliged, returning to Taiwan to teach and, in 1994, to enter government in a series of high- profile but mostly policy-oriented roles in the Fair Trade Commission, National Security Council and Mainland Affairs Council.

    在台灣大學畢業後,她前往紐約州康乃爾大學研讀法律,因為她說,這是一個「想過革命性的生活」的年輕女子該去的地方。之後,她前往倫敦政治經濟學院攻讀法學博士,並且三年不到就獲得學位。她說:「這讓我父親很高興」。她遵從父親的意思返回台灣,先回大學教書並在1994年進入政府,出任公平交易委員會、國安會及陸委會等一系列重要的、政策導向的職位。

    Even close supporters say Tsai was, and perhaps still is, an unlikely politician, especially for the DPP. Taiwan’s opposition party was forged in struggle and led by veterans of the democracy movement—a fight Tsai mostly missed. The Kaohsiung Incident in 1979—a human-rights rally that was violently broken up by security forces, galvanizing the democracy movement— took place while Tsai was overseas, cocooned in the ivory tower. If the archetypal DPP operative is a bare-knuckle street fighter, Tsai is an Olympic fencer—restrained and precise.

    就連許多親近蔡英文的支持者都認為,蔡英文是一位非典型的政治人物,特別就民進黨而言。身為在野黨的民進黨,在台灣民主運動的奮鬥過程中焠煉而成,由民主運動的老兵所成立,這是一場蔡英文錯過的戰役。1979年高雄的美麗島事件,當一場人權遊行遭警政單位暴力驅散,而後來激勵了台灣的民主運動,蔡英文當時正在國外求學,受到象牙塔的庇護。若說民進黨的典型人物是赤手空拳的街頭鬥士,蔡英文則是一位奧林匹克級的劍術家:自我克制又精確到位。

    She stepped into the spotlight in 2008, becoming party chair when the DPP found itself booted from office, with its chief Chen Shui-bian, the outgoing President, later convicted of corruption. While she possessed a deep knowledge of policy, Tsai did not then seem like a leader. “She used to sort of hide behind me when we went door to door,” recalls legislator Hsiao Bi-khim, a longtime colleague and friend. “People compared her to a lost bunny in the forest, with wolves surrounding, both from within the party and outside.

    在2008年民進黨失去政權,而前總統陳水扁隨即遭貪汙罪起訴的時刻,蔡英文踏入了鎂光燈下,成為民進黨主席。雖然蔡英文對於政策擁有深度的瞭解,但當時她還不像一位領導人。長期以來是她同事與朋友的立法委員蕭美琴說「以前當我們挨家挨戶去拜訪時,她有點會躲在我身後」。「有些形容她為一個在森林裡迷路的兔子,被黨內與黨外的狼群包圍。」

    After an unsuccessful 2010 mayoral bid, Tsai ran for, and also lost, the presidency in 2012. Jason Liu, a veteran DPP speechwriter, says now that the campaign did not “sell” Tsai well enough. The ideas were strong, but the delivery left “distance between her and the voters.” Ironically, it was not until her concession speech that Tsai seemed to connect emotionally with Taiwan’s citizens. “You may cry,” she told the tearful crowd. “But don’t lose heart.”

    2010年,蔡英文參與市長選舉失利,在2012年也沒順利當選總統。民進黨資深文膽劉建忻表示,當時的競選總部對於「行銷」蔡英文這個概念,做得不夠好;雖然擁有許多好點子,但是執行上還是「讓選民感到有所距離」。諷刺地,一直到敗選感言,蔡英文才似乎與台灣人民產生情感上的連結。她對含著淚水的群眾表示:「你可以哭泣,但不能洩氣。」

    A lot has changed since 2012. Eleven hours after making eggs, with a policy meeting, a cross-country train ride and a harbor tour behind her, Tsai is addressing a couple hundred students at a university in the southern city of Kaohsiung, a DPP stronghold. She’s in lecture mode, at ease, talking about her party’s economic plans: stronger regional links and a focus on innovation to support small businesses. “How many of you went to Taipei for the Sunflower protests?” she asks in Mandarin. At least a third raise their hands.

    2012年之後的台灣,歷經了許多改變。蔡英文煎蛋後的11個小時後,歷經了一場政策會議、搭乘高鐵從北一路向南、緊接著進行高雄碼頭導覽。她抵達南台灣民進黨的重鎮高雄,向數百位大學生發表演說。她以一派輕鬆的授課模式,闡述著民進黨的經濟計畫:加強區域間的連結,並聚焦於支持創新的小型經濟。她用中文詢問在場學生「你們之中有多少人去台北參加過太陽花學運?」現場至少有三分之一的學生舉起了手。

    Taiwan’s students were once seen as apathetic. But during spring last year, Taipei was swept up by thousands-strong demonstrations over a services pact with China. Student and civic groups worried that the deal could hurt Taiwan’s economy and leave it vulnerable to pressure from Beijing. They felt it was pushed through without adequate public scrutiny. The Sunflower Movement, as it came to be called after a florist donated bundles of the blooms, grew into a grassroots revolt, culminating in the March 18 storming of the legislature.

    台灣的學生過去一度被視為相當冷漠。但是在去年的春天,台北市被數以千計的抗議者淹沒,反對與中國簽訂的服務貿易協議。學生與公民團體擔憂這個協議會傷害台灣經濟,讓台灣的經濟受制於中國壓力而變得脆弱。他們也認為,服貿協議的推動並沒有經過適當的公民審議。太陽花運動是民間累積的抗爭與不滿,在3月18日這天一舉衝進立法院,運動的稱號是由於抗爭期間一位花販捐贈了大量太陽花而因此命名。

    The movement was grounded in questions of social justice. Since coming to power in 2008, Ma has argued that cross-strait commerce is the key to the island’s fortunes, signing 21 trade deals. Yet young people in particular wonder if the deals benefit only Big Business on both sides of the strait. They say rapprochement with Beijing has left them none the richer, and agonize over the high cost of housing, flat wages and the possibility of local jobs going to China. A sign during a protest outside the Presidential Palace on March 30 last year captured the mood: “We don’t have another Taiwan to sell.”

    這個運動的主要訴求就是社會正義。自從國民黨2008年執政以來,簽訂了21個兩岸貿易協定,馬英九主張兩岸的商業往來是台灣最關鍵的財富來源。但是年輕人質疑這項論述,他們認為這些貿易協議只有兩岸的大財團獲利。他們說北京的和解政策並沒有讓年輕人變得富有,反而讓他們受困於高房價、停滯的薪資、以及在地工作機會可能流失到中國的可能性。在去年3月30日於總統府外的抗議中,有個標語最能捕捉整體的社會氛圍:「台灣只有一個,賣了就沒了!」

    The emphasis on quality of life, and not just macro-indicators, is good news for Tsai. Her vision for a more economically independent Taiwan did not sway the electorate in 2012 but may now have stronger appeal. The KMT, bruised by the Sunflower protests and then battered by fed-up voters in midterm polls last fall, is trying to remake itself as a more populist party. Timothy Yang, a former Foreign Minister who is now vice president of the National Policy Foundation, the KMT’s think tank, says the party stands by its cross-strait record. But even Yang, a KMT stalwart, is keen to address the issue of equity:
    “The benefits of this interaction with mainland China should be shared with the general public.”

    台灣社會對於生活品質的重視,而非僅僅強調宏觀經濟指標,對蔡英文來說是件好事。她希望打造一個經濟上更加獨立的台灣,雖然這個理念在2012年並沒有說動選民,但,現在可能更有吸引力。國民黨在太陽花運動中受到重創,在去年秋天的期中選舉中又再度被選民以選票教訓。現在,國民黨試圖把自己再造成一個民粹的政黨。目前擔任國民黨智庫『國家政策基金會』副董事長的前外交部長楊進添先生受訪時說道,「國民黨堅持其兩岸的立場」。但即便像楊進添這樣堅定的國民黨員,也熱衷於解決公平的議題。他說:「兩岸互動的利益,應該要與全民共享!」

    Tsai should easily carry traditional DPP support: much of the south, the youth vote, and those who identify as Taiwanese and who are not a part of the elite that came from China after the CCP victory in 1949. The DPP’s missing link is Big Business, which supports the KMT and closer ties with the mainland, where many Taiwan companies are invested. Tsai recognizes that this is a constituency she needs to woo but doesn’t seem clear as to how, beyond saying, “Our challenge is to produce something that is sensible to both sides without being considered as a traitor to the friends we used to be with when we were an opposition party.”

    蔡英文要得到傳統民進黨的支持並不難,例如南部選民、年輕選票、還有那些認同自己是台灣人,而不是1949年中國共產黨勝利後來自中國的精英份子。然而,民進黨缺乏與大企業的連結,因為台灣企業大量投資大陸,而其中這些大財團多半支持國民黨,以及與大陸建立更緊密的關係。蔡英文也理解到這是她必須要去吸引的一群選民,但是對於如何進行並沒有太清楚的圖像。她說:「我們的挑戰是要去創造雙方都認為合理的立場,又不能被我們在野時的朋友認為是叛徒。」

    That will be hard. The KMT has long argued that it, not the DPP, is best qualified to run the economy, which, corruption apart, did not do well under Chen. Tsai’s supporters concede that many citizens feel the same way—that the DPP can be an effective opposition but not administration. “The KMT has always portrayed itself as more suited to guide the economy,” says J. Michael Cole, a Taipei-based senior fellow with the University of Nottingham’s China Policy Institute and a senior officer at Tsai’s Thinking Taiwan Foundation. “There’s this stubborn perception that a DPP government would be bad for business.”

    這是困難的挑戰。國民黨長期主張自己比民進黨更擅長治理經濟,尤其陳水扁執政時期除了貪污,經濟表現並不好。蔡英文的支持者也同意,確實有些民眾認為民進黨可是一個稱職的反對黨,但不是執政黨。諾丁漢大學中國政策研究中心資深研究員暨小英基金會資深主管寇謐將(J. Michael Cole)說:「國民黨把自己描繪是一個更適合主導經濟的政黨。另外也有一種僵化的刻版印象,認為民進黨執政對企業不利。」

    It’s a narrative that the CCP backs and may well float as the campaign progresses, either directly, in China’s state-controlled press, or indirectly, through, for instance, its connections in Taiwan’s business community. “Beijing is going to want to make a point through all sorts of channels, including Big Business, that cross-strait relations will not be as smooth if you vote a government into power that has not accepted the foundation that has underpinned developments of the last eight years,” says Alan Romberg, a distinguished fellow at the Stimson Center, a Washington, D.C., think tank.

    這種論調受到中國共產黨的支持,並且今隨著選戰的進展不斷被拋出。共產黨可能直接地利用中國控制的媒體影響選舉,或是間接地透過中國與台灣商業界的連結。美國華府智庫史汀森研究中心(Stimson Center)資深學者容安瀾(Alan Romberg)說:「北京將會透過大企業等各種管道來闡述其立場,表明要是台灣人民讓一個不接受過去八年兩岸發展基
    礎的政府執政,兩岸關係的發展將不會如現在一樣平順。」

    Beijing has never been receptive to a DPP government, but it is particularly negative now. Since coming to power in 2012, China’s leader Xi Jinping has proved himself to be more assertive and nationalistic than most expected, a man not eager to compromise. Last September he told a delegation from the island that China and Taiwan might be one day be reunited under Hong Kong’s “one country, two systems” formula, which is rejected by both the KMT and DPP and, surveys consistently show, the vast majority of Taiwan’s people. This May, Xi warned again about the danger of “separatist forces”—a comment widely interpreted as a swipe at the DPP.

    北京對於民進黨政權的接受度向來不高,但現在尤其抱持負面的態度。中國領導人習近平在2012年掌權後,證明自己比外界想像的還更加武斷,帶有更強烈的民族主義色彩,是一個不輕易妥協的人。去年九月,他對一個來自台灣的代表團說,中國和台灣可望採用香港「一國兩制」的模式統一,然而這卻是一個國民黨和民進黨都反對的方案,而且民調也一再顯示,絕大多數的台灣人民無法接受。今年五月,習近平再度警告「分裂主義勢力」會帶來的危險──這段說詞普遍被外界詮釋為對民進黨的抨擊。

    Cross-strait relations are managed according to the so-called 1992 Consensus reached by Beijing and Taipei (then also governed by the KMT), a formula the KMT’s Yang calls “a masterpiece of ambiguity.” Under the 1992 Consensus, both sides acknowledge that there is only one China, but without specifying what exactly that means. This, Yang says, has allowed the KMT to move forward on bilateral trade, transport and tourism without being forced to address whether “one China” is the China imagined by Beijing or by Taipei.

    兩岸關係是治理目前根據北京和台北(當時為國民黨執政)之間所謂的九二共識,這是一個被國民黨的楊進添形容為「模糊性的一大鉅作」的政策。根據九二共識,雙方承認只有一個中國,但不表明一個中國的確切意含。楊進添說,這讓國民黨在推展雙邊貿易、交通和觀光方面得以取得進展,而不需被迫去回答「一個中國」究竟是北京或是台北心目中的中國。

    The DPP has long promoted de jure independence. The first clause in its charter calls for “the establishment of an independent sovereignty known as the Republic of Taiwan,” not the Republic of China, Taiwan’s official name. This platform resonates with the DPP base but is increasingly untenable given China’s economic clout and growing power on the world stage. While the first DPP presidency under Chen was hardly a break from the past, it did see a cooling with Beijing. Things warmed again under Ma. Lin, the Taiwan expert at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, says Tsai is somewhere between Chen and Ma: “If she wins the election, she will not pursue Taiwan in dependence. But she will not promote the development of the cross-strait relationship as Ma Ying-jeou did.”

    民進黨過去長期以來推動台灣的法理獨立。民進黨黨綱第一條闡明「建立主權獨立自主的台灣共和國」,而非台灣的正式國號中華民國。這個立場獲得民進黨基本盤的認同,卻在中國的經濟實力成長與中國在世界舞台上崛起之下,越來越無法實現。儘管陳水扁主政時期的民進黨政府跟過去的政策並無太大差別,但跟北京的關係確實趨向冷淡。馬英九主政時期兩岸關係再度暖化。上海交通大學的台灣專家林岡說,蔡英文的立場介於馬英九和陳水扁之間。他說:「如果她勝選,她不會追求台灣獨立。但她也不會像馬英九一樣推動兩岸關係的發展。」

    Tsai stresses that she will not alter the politics between Taiwan and China, but she is vague about whether she will repeal the DPP’s independence clause. And unification? That, she says, “is something you have to resolve democratically—it is a decision to be made by the people here.”

    蔡英文強調她不會改變台灣和中國之間的政治關係,但對於是否撤回台獨條文卻是依然維持模糊。至於統一呢?她說:「那是必須經由民主程序解決的事情——這是一個必須經由此地的人民來做的決定。」

    Hung, Tsai’s potential KMT opponent, says the DPP flag bearer needs to clarify her stance on cross-strait relations. “People ask her, ‘What is the status quo?’ and she can’t say anything specific,” says Hung. The KMT’s Yang offers a metaphor: “Before you harvest, you have to plow the land, transplant the seedlings, fertilize; all the work … has been done by the KMT, and yet they are going to harvest the crop?”

    蔡英文的在對手洪秀柱說,民進黨的掌舵手需要清楚地闡明她對兩岸關係的立場。洪秀柱說:「大家問她『維持現狀是什麼意思?』,她卻沒有給具體的回應。」國民黨的楊進添用一個比喻:「在收割之前,要先耕地、播種、施肥;所有的工作……都已經被國民黨完成了,然而他們現在卻想要收割?」

    Tsai believes she will win that right. Several days before I return to my Beijing base, over Taiwan-Japanese fusion in Kaohsiung, Tsai is quietly confident that she will gain the trust of Taiwan’s voters and secure victory, whatever Beijing might think. She puts a final piece of tuna on my plate. It’ s from Pingtung County in the south, where she was born. “Go back to Beijing,” says Tsai, “and tell them you were served by the next President of Taiwan.”

    蔡英文相信她會贏得這項權利。在我返回北京駐點的前幾天,我們在一家位於高雄的台式日本料理小店用餐,蔡英文對於取得台灣選民的信任並贏得選戰,展現出低調的自信。當時,她把最後一片鮪魚夾到我的盤子上。那塊鮪魚來自南方的屏東,她的出生地。「妳回北京以後,告訴他們,」蔡英文說:「台灣的下一任總統曾經為妳服務過。」

    —With reporting by Zoher Abdoolcarim, Gladys Tsai and Natalie Tso/Taipei

    ─────────────────────
    圖片:猜猜看,認出畫風了嗎?^^

    (歡迎任何形式分享,一律免問)

  • bread可以加s嗎 在 教你做點心、蛋糕與美食 Facebook 的最佳貼文

    2013-10-30 07:50:59
    有 125 人按讚


    老麵製程的探討好文,任何事物都有利弊得失,全面地認識潛在風險,才能選出最適合自己的方法。

    終於有人問老麵的問題了!
    從小就知道老麵要放鹼。從事業務25年來,對於消費者行為頗有興趣,但我不懂為何消費者總對老麵趨之若鶩,且有一種莫名的興奮。好奇的我,心想其中必有文章,一定有些內容是我們還不了解的。於是我花八千元去報名中華穀物研究所(台灣麵食界的最高學府)的老麵課程,一探究竟。
    首先我們要確認老麵的定義。在穀研所上課的第一天,同學們一直追問:什麼是老麵?穀研所老師下了一個定義:發酵八小時以上,就是overnight~隔夜麵。而發酵八小時以上的麵,像爛泥漿一樣,叫麵肥,再經過幾道程序,才能叫老麵工法。一般人每次做完麵,留下一塊麵,隔天用,那叫剩餘麵團,那不是老麵。老麵有它一定的程序。
    五天課上下來,除了確定不管加入老麵的比例多少?一定要加鹼外,沒聽到什麼不好的疑點(老麵的課當然不會說老麵不好)。
    其後又上了中麵丙級檢定的課,這時老師說了真象:老麵是不安全的麵,因為空氣中有很多落菌,麵團放置八小時以上,其實已經餿了,台語叫“ㄆㄨㄣ”裡面已經雜菌叢生*,菌經過蒸烤會被殺死,但牠分泌了什麼毒素*你不知道。同樣一桶老麵,在你家、跟在我家,裡面的菌都不同。
    話說古代沒有酵母菌工廠,酵母菌取得不易,所以家家戶戶都會留麵種。時至今日科學昌明,酵母公司挑出最強悍的酵母菌,在無菌室大量繁殖,有耐高糖酵母、耐高鹽酵母、耐高溫、耐低溫…。這些酵母也是從天然環境找出來的,不是坊間商人所謂人工酵母不同於老麵天然酵母(自然發酵*),那只是呼嚨消費者的行銷術語罷了。有回看到電視訪問中和的大陳年糕老闆,老師傅說:現在機器攪拌多均勻,從前以人工,用石臼、石鎚打也無法那麼勻。所以不是老東西就都是好的,有無菌室培養出最強的酵母放著不用,去養一鍋餿水,再加上很多化學品,實無必要。
    再說老麵。誰需要老麵?師傅需要老麵!消費者需要老麵!這裡有好操作、彈牙、麵香等,三個層面的問題可探討。
    1. 老麵省錢、好操作。不用買酵母粉,自己繁殖省錢。老麵為何好操作,不易失敗。因為一公克的酵母粉裡有一億隻酵母菌,就像人類,一億人裡總會出幾個關羽、張飛,在發酵的過程中,這些將軍跑的快、產氣多,容易產生大氣泡,造成組織不均勻,造成斷層,增加失敗率。在正常情況下,酵母菌90分鐘繁殖一代(多為出芽繁殖,最多分裂40次左右*),且一代不如一代,老麵經過八小時是繁殖了五代,1億隻變32億隻,32倍的產氣能力,且裡面已經沒有關羽、張飛,都是小兵,只會產生細小的氣泡,因此組織結構均勻細密,產品不會失敗。
    但經實證,只要增加些酵母菌的用量,並使用中種法或二次攪拌法就可避免失敗。是否需養老麵,然後使用大量化學品於產品之中,值得省思。
    2. 老麵彈牙~~Q。酵母菌在吃麵粉的過程會產生酵素,這些酵素會增加麵筋筋度,加上前述細密的組織結構,吃起來絕對是咬勁十足。
    但增加筋度方法有三:一、使用中種法或二次攪拌法,在1~2小時的發酵過程中所產生的酵素其實已足夠。二、增加麵粉筋度。三、用熟糯米、小麥草培養含酵素的麥芽精,來增加筋度。
    再說時代向前走,老人漸凋零,剩下的牙口也不行了。就如師大附近某知名饅頭店老闆說的:「我們賣最好的是白饅頭,但白饅頭一直在下降,甜饅頭卻在上升,知道為什麼嗎?老人漸漸凋零…」。而現代的年輕人又吃軟不吃硬,似乎就沒有必要做那麼有咬勁的麵食了。
    3. 老麵有特別的風味。不同酵母菌產生不同的酵素,理論上會有不同的麵香。據聞酵素的風味在烤焙時較明顯,因為烘焙本來就較香,不同的酵素在烤焙中會拉大香味差異。中麵卻不明顯,究其原因應該是鹼味覆蓋了酵素風味(麵包要酸,不用加鹼)。舉一例:某知名蒸箱大廠經理來店,吃了饅頭說:「你家的饅頭是蠻Q的,就是少了點麥香。」該產品全麥使用率44%,算很高了,他卻說沒有麥香。他走後,在場的三人都一致認為,他指的麥香是鹼味。因為太多人從小到大,吃的饅頭都加了鹼,他們都認為那鹼味是麵香,所以吃不到懷念的滋味、兒時的記憶,才出此言。中種法、二次攪拌法、麥芽精都有酵素,就不需如此大費周章養酵母菌了。
    結論:老麵是為了提升那幾%的風味(一般人甚至無法察覺)、多一點咬勁嗎?其實是有些師傅考慮到成本與方便性。曾經有一位老師傅一再告訴我:「肖年ㄝ!你要做老麵、要做老麵,老麵咖好做…。」他還親自調鹼給我看,他說:「我都放十三塊。」我一聽〝塊〞,心裡閃過〝完了…鹼塊!〞,果然他拿出小水桶,一箱鹼塊,放了十三塊,告訴我:「一次用三杓。」我問:「怎麼不用鹼粉?」他說:「那效果不好!」,內人和我都當場傻眼了。市面上有三種鹼,小蘇打、鹼粉、鹼塊(工業用,會致癌),所以吃老麵又多了一重風險,因為你不知道會吃哪一種鹼?
    我問過酵母公司經理:「坊間十家有九家打著老麵招牌,大家都養菌,你們銷量會少很多,你們為何不打擊老麵?」他告訴我:「都是假的啦!小量可以啦!量大要多少空間養菌?都嘛酵母加改良劑*。」他說的是否可信?消費者自己判斷。
    這又有兩個層面可探討,其一、打著老麵卻不做老麵工法,老麵只是行銷術語罷了!其二、又多吃了一個化學品~改良劑。
    另外,加了鹼或小蘇打的麵會變黃,有些業者會用硫磺去燻白饅頭。
    所以吃老麵有許多風險:雜菌的毒素、鹼、改良劑、硫磺…。

    *老麵饅頭衛生問題令人堪憂http://www.fancai.com/shiliao/89574/
    *老麵不衛生http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_8b5ab62601013qx0.html
    由於“老麵”不衛生,存在其他多種有害雜菌,特別是大腸桿菌、黃麴黴菌等,一項檢測表明:老面中的黃麴黴毒素嚴重超標,容易誘發肝癌。以及麵團產酸需要加鹼而產生的營養破壞問題等(破壞維生素B群)。
    *天然酵母與自然發酵的迷失http://www.wretch.cc/blog/dafojacky/10953979
    *酵母菌會老嗎? http://cinnamon.com.tw/ckchou/?p=248
    *麵包改良劑Bread Improver~主要目的是改良水質,讓麵糰具柔軟度、改善口感。延緩老化、長保新鮮。改善麵糰組織、使產品細膩。增加麵粉的筋度、促進酵母發酵,使產品的體積膨大。