用字遣詞的敏感度

快來看Presentality的最新英語寫作分析~

特別敏感的時刻，我們的用字遣詞也要特別小心。今天的「閱讀筆記」，我們來看前一陣子轟動矽谷的事件：知名軟體公司老闆在部落格的一篇 po 文，讓三分之一員工離職。他到底寫了什麼？

📌 總結幾個重點：

1. 在敏感時刻，用字跟語氣，甚至可能比內容還要重要。

2. 用簡短無修飾的句子，會顯得比較強硬，較長而且有修飾的句子，反而比較溫和。

3. 主詞非常，非常重要。你用的是 I, us vs them，還是 "we" and "our"?

如果以後你在情緒高漲的時刻寫文，也不妨寄給英文好而且中立的朋友，請他們評估文字所帶著的情緒，會很有幫助。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 前一陣子，Basecamp 事件震驚美國科技/新創圈。

Basecamp 是一家團隊協作軟體公司，創辦人 Jason Fried 跟 David Heinemeier Hansson 一直都很願意為自己的理想及理念說話。他們寫的 Rework 一書影響了非常多的人，我在台灣認識的好幾位創業家都曾經跟我分享這本書。

但他們四月底在部落格上公告 Basecamp 一系列政策改變之後，引來非常大的反彈。

我第一時間就有去他們的部落格看他們寫的文章，覺得文筆非常好，而且是用說道理的語氣，很 reasonable。但發布不久，公司超過30%的員工，決定離職，其中包括好幾位高階主管！

What happened? 那篇文章，很顯然觸發了一個危機。我回去再把文章看了一次，發現天啊... 那篇文章的語氣，根本沒有我第一次看感覺的溫和。

Changes at Basecamp: https://bit.ly/2SNN6Kr

很多魔鬼都藏在細節裡。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 主要的改變 = 工作時別討論政治或社會議題

讓大家最氣憤的政策改變，其實就只有一個：

No more societal and political discussions on our company Basecamp account.

在這個時空背景下，美國社會立場分歧這麼深，從左右派政治議題，到種族歧視問題，Basecamp 領導人大膽決定，禁止員工在公司內部的線上溝通頻道，討論社會及政治議題。

要去弄社會政治議題，可以，但請別在公司內。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 開頭還算溫和：說服大家把公司當產品看待

一開頭，Fried 就寫：

At Basecamp, we treat our company as a product. It's not a rigid thing that exists, it's a flexible, malleable idea that evolves. We aren't stuck with what we have, we can create what we want. Just as we improve products through iteration, we iterate on our company too.

Hmmm，為什麼要這樣開頭？為什麼要把「公司」跟「產品」劃上等號？

我們可以想像，Fried 肯定為了這篇文煩惱了一陣子。很多想法不斷的在他腦中盤旋，不同的開場，不同的句子...

但這個開頭，是一個很不錯的 framing：因為 Basecamp 的員工肯定很多 product fanatics - 就是最在乎產品好不好的 "builders"。Product lovers 的一個共同點，就是了解產品是會不斷改變的東西。如果說公司也是，就可以理解，公司也會改變。
然後，他非常小心的挑選最正面的說法。每一字每一句都是 product lovers 會認同的：

•flexible
•malleable
•evolve
•we can create what we want
•improve products
•iterate

用了一連串正面的同義字，就是要塑造 change = positive 的氣氛。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 連大改變，都用「改版」來形容

下一步，就是用一個大家理解的方式，來描述「非常大的改變」：

Recently, we've made some internal company changes, which, taken in total, collectively feel like a full version change. It deserves an announcement.

什麼是大的改變？就有點像「改版」的意思。而且注意到，他不是寫 "We're making a full version change" 喔，而是說："changes... taken in total, collectively feel like a full version change."
也就是說，在中間加了很多緩衝的字眼，淡化 "full version change"。

就像你如果要跟一個人說他是混蛋，哪一種說法比較直接：

The way you act sometimes, when people don't know you yet, can feel like you're a bit of an asshole. 或是 You're an asshole.

講完這個，他就要給大家打預防針了。

而且又是從「產品」開始：

In the product world, not all changes are enjoyed by all customers. Some changes are immediately appreciated. Some changes take time to steep, settle in, and get acquainted with. And to some, some changes never feel quite right — they may even be deal breakers.

哇噻，好幾劑預防針啊！

而且他用了三個意思差不多的字，鼓勵大家「耐心的習慣新的改變」：Some changes take time to steep, settle in, and get acquainted with。

Again 他的用字很細心。"Get acquainted with" 就好像跟我們說，

改變其實是我們的朋友，只要我們願意好好認識它。

但他們其實知道，有些改變是一些人完全，完全無法接受的。
所以才有最後一句："They may even be deal breakers"。
They totally knew what was coming...

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 溫和就到這裡... 語氣開始轉變

接下來，他選擇美國人非常愛用的寫法，就是引用一位大家尊敬的人的話，來幫自己助陣：

As Huxley offers in The Doors of Perception, "We live together, we act on, and react to, one another; but always and in all circumstances we are by ourselves. The martyrs go hand in hand into the arena; they are crucified alone. Embraced, the lovers desperately try to fuse their insulated ecstasies into a single self-transcendence; in vain. By its very nature every embodied spirit is doomed to suffer and enjoy in solitude."

這裡藏了點玄機。

如果他的目的是說服大家接受這些改變，那為什麼要引用這一段！？

讀起來，這段話反應了他的心情：在做困難決定時的「孤獨」。如果是這樣，那這段話的用途就是「療癒」而不是「說服」。

因為如果目的是說服，為何不引用某個你的員工/讀者都非常敬佩的人的故事，這個人做了一個不受歡迎，但大部分讀者都會認同是正確的決定？

個人猜測：他上面好話已經寫完了。真正的意涵是：We're going forward, alone if necessary。

而且，他們還把自己的決定，frame 成 navigating somewhere，同時把另一邊寫成 circling nowhere

We all want different somethings. Some slightly different, some substantially. Companies, however, must settle the collective difference, pick a point, and navigate towards somewhere, lest they get stuck circling nowhere.

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 語氣變的很硬：No More

然後他就開始寫改革本身。

如果把所有改變的第一句話看過去，會發現全部都是 "No more..." 開頭。這個硬到不行了。

完整文章: https://bit.ly/3wT6x3z

圖片出處: https://bit.ly/34wWkO5

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Presentality每天都在追蹤與分析跟英文溝通/寫作有關的文章，如果想要透過我們這些「閱讀筆記」一起學習，可在 FB 追蹤我們：https://www.facebook.com/presentality/

📌 Presentality系列文章:

1. 看貝佐斯致亞馬遜股東的最後一封信，學一些英文寫作小撇步
https://bit.ly/3xCN1cC

2. 英文演講實用的結構與技巧
https://bit.ly/2PHu3Ax

3. 在演講中的四種敘述角度
https://bit.ly/39tNUtv

4. 詩人Amanda Gorman的英文演講技巧
https://bit.ly/39sI3on

5. 從 Most Dangerous Place 文章，看經濟學人寫作邏輯
https://bit.ly/3htqJEs

6. 寫作的終極目標是「提供價值」
https://bit.ly/3yA3gYe

7. 看 Bloomberg學資深記者如何寫文章
https://bit.ly/3i3am1P

台灣最大公約數 – 反共去統不反中
The True Common Denominator of Taiwan

我察覺到一個新的台灣共識（最大公約數）正在成形，而且已經接近完成。雖然許多人還沒意識到這點，也還有一些人尚處在無感、或雖然有感但心理上拒絕的階段。

I sensed a New Taiwan Consensus is forming and near completion, although many are still not fully aware of it, some at the psychological stage of ignoring it and some even in total denial .

這新共識可以用三個原素的一句話來總結：反共、去統、不反中國平民。三元素環環相扣，構成了一個具有主旋律的直白命題：那些已經把台灣視為自己家鄉的人，已經把台灣當成一個與他方無涉的主體。

This New Consensus can be summarized in one expression with three parallel elements: opposing communism, de-unification and neutralness toward Chinese civilians. These three elements constitute an organic whole with a common theme that simply says, people who took Taiwan as their home deemed themselves as one distinct entity .

為了讓人們充分理解這三元素的意義，需要做一些進一步闡釋。我們這就開始。

I understand some elaboration may be needed to allow the three elements to be fully appreciated, especially the third one. Let me begin.

1. 反共。台灣其實並沒有那麼反對自由的社會主義；事實上，台灣社會本身在日常生活型態中就含有明顯的自由社會主義的痕跡。但是，台灣絕不會容忍社會主義精神脫序到共產主義的地步。若然，那種社會主義就是敵人，沒有討論的餘地。台灣海峽彼岸的中國共產黨（CCP），就屬於這一類。

1. Opposing Communism – Taiwan is not that much against liberal socialism. In fact,there is a rather obvious strain of it already existing in its social life. However, Taiwan would not tolerate socialism when carried away to the extent of communism, and would take it as enemy. Period. Chinese Communist Party (CCP) on the other end of the Strait falls into this category.

2. 去統。在台灣，不但老一輩了解中共天天掛在嘴邊玩弄的「統一」，只不過是其用來維持政權、控制已經被洗過腦平民的一種虛偽口號，而年輕一輩只會以荒謬視之。因而，此處並沒有用過去的「反統」一詞，而是用「去統」，表示了一種將「統一」概念徹底由腦中去除的意思。就像「大掃除」的意思一樣，老早就該扔掉的東西就把它扔掉。

2. De-Unification – Not only do the older generations realize that the jingling of
“unification” of the CCP is just a bogus slogan for upholding its regime’s control
over the brain-washed civilians, the young generation of Taiwan simply finds the
slogan ridiculous. Therefore, rather than using the term “anti-Unification” as people used to do in the past, I think “De-Unification” – the unshackling of the very idea of unification, as one can relate with the word “de-clutter”- is a better suited term.

3. 不反中，指的是對中國平民保持中性的態度。過去三年間，包括我自己以及國際輿論，已經破除了那個存在已久的迷思 – 中共CCP就等同中國。情況根本不是這樣的。中共不等同中國，更不用說等同中國人民了。中共是一個具有9千8百萬黨員的巨大政黨，但那只是住在那塊土地上的14億人當中的7%。

3. Neutralness towards Chinese Civilians – In the past three years, people in Taiwan including myself, as well as the international community, have debunked the long-existed myth that CCP Is China. No, far from it. CCP is NOT equivalent to China, let alone the Chinese people. CCP is a huge party of 98 million members and that accounts for only 7% of the 1.4 billion Chinese people living on that landmass.

簡單的算數就可以呈現真相。對任何國家，如果僅佔7%的人口可以在政治上完全控制100%的人口，唯一的可能就是實施殘酷暴力或通過暴力改變人的頭腦。

Simple math would tell the truth. In any nation, when 7% of the population politically controls 100% of the population, it would be an impossibility unless by brutal violence or total brain coercion.

中國平民本身就是受害者。其他的國家，不應該膝蓋反應式的把受害者視為天生就是邪惡的。因此，無論在心態上還是現實地緣政治考慮下，台灣社會都應該把「必反」這詞留給共產黨而不是受害的平民。

Therefore, considering the Chinese civilians are victims themselves, people from other parts of the world should not act in a knee-jerk way towards the ordinary, victimized Chinese Civilians as if they are born evil. Either under a proper mindset or the practicality associated with geopolitics, Taiwanese society should and is starting to understand this point. “Anti-“ is an attitude reserved for CCP and not intrinsically for the ordinary and mostly victimized civilians.

這才是台灣的最大公約數。然而，為了選票的政治人物及民調機構拖累了台灣。每年每月的民調都在問早已失效的問題：你偏藍還是偏綠？你贊成獨立還是統一？

Putting together the above three Elements, thus there is the New Taiwan Consensus. What’s falling behind and dragging Taiwan’s feet, are the ballot-hungry politicians and the various outdated polling agencies. They do so many so-called popular surveys every year, sometimes monthly. And they stick to the long invalid way of setting up their survey questions: Are you favoring Green (DPP) or Blue(KMT)? Are you pro-independent or Pro-unification?

這種自我設限或自我審查的問法，使得其他國家以為台灣是個分裂社會。

This kind of self-confined or self-censored surveys leave other nations the impression that Taiwan is a split society, Green or Blue, Independence or unification etc.

台灣這種導致外人認為台灣是個分裂國家的作法，實在愚蠢。如果問的問題對，台灣是沒有分裂的。例如，如果將「你贊不贊成獨立」改為「你反共不反共」，結果肯定是98%以上。

It’s such a foolish thing to do for Taiwan itself misleading outsiders into deeming Taiwan as a split country. There is absolutely no split should the right questions be asked in the surveys. For example, had the question been changed from “Are you pro-independence or anti-independence” into “Are you pro-communism or anti-communism”，then the result would have been a clear-cut 98% or even 99.5% towards “anti”.

若問「你是反中國共產黨還是反中國老百姓」，前者不會低於80%，後者不會高於20%。

Now, try this further question: “Are you anti-Chinese Communist Party, or anti-Chinese common people”, my guess is the former gets at least 80% and the latter gets 20% at most.

第三個問題：「你願不願意被共產黨統治」，保證結果是99.9%的「不願意」。
The third question: “Would you be willing to live under the Communist Rule”? That would guarantee a resounding NO answer of 99.9%.

這就是新台灣共識、社會的最大公約數，應該向世界大聲、清楚、不含糊的說出來。

This is exactly how the New Taiwan Consensus looks like – the true common denominator among a seemingly divided Taiwan. And the New Taiwan Consensus should be articulated to the rest of the world, no vagueness, no grey area and unambiguously.

不信的話，可以用上述問題做幾次民調。而且我保證，在不久的將來，所有民主國家都會端出類似「台灣共識」的政策原則。

For any surveyor or politician who still has doubts about this New Taiwan Consensus, he or she can just conduct new surveys with questions suggested as above. And, I myself am convinced, in a not-so-distant future, all democratic countries on the planet would issue national policies based on guidelines similar to the New Taiwan Consensus, for the goodness of their respective countries.

所以，台灣為什麼不這樣做呢？這可是台灣展示世界政治領導力的機會啊！

So, Hey, Taiwan! Why not put a thrust on this Taiwan Consensus to the world by publicizing it unambiguously and show some political leadership, just for once?

後記：以雙語向全球發聲，將是我接下致力的方向。所使用的這兩種文字，涵蓋了35億人口，接近地球的一半人數。這個行動，將以 「前哨預策」網站 為核心基地，其他的社交媒體，只要有傳播力道，都會被用為衛星來做整體運作。

個人的思考、判斷不一定對，您也不見得同意，但是，我保證這平台中的每一句話都是獨立的、出自內心的。而今天的台灣，乃至於世界，最缺的就是突破傳統成見、不受黨派左右、同時又知錯能改的獨立思考力量。不知您是否同意？

「前哨預策」平台將分為三步走：內容平台 – 互動平台 – 行動平台。剛誕生的它，當前還只是個內容平台，但達到一定數量的會員支持後，將加入各種新媒體形式，與會員就重要議題互動，並以「達成不同意見之間的最大公約數」為目標。一旦在會員內部形成「最大公約數」後，就構成了行動的基礎。至於行動的形式，也由願意推動或參與的會員決定。

此平台婉拒任何政黨、政府的贊助，只接受個人會員或企業會員的贊助；所有收入及贊助，均將用於「讓台灣更好」的事務上，以及推動、發揮台灣作為東亞及世界的「關鍵少數」的槓桿角色，為人類下一波文明做出量力而為的貢獻。

我只能說，十年來的不斷保持獨立，希望能換得您對「不受任何政黨、政府左右」這一點點價值的認同。

范疇
謹上

於台灣
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有朋友會幫的打字幕嗎？歡迎捐獻字幕！有心者我會把名字放在info box中以表感謝！ 記得開首打左自己名先呀... (e.g. 字幕提供xxx字幕組)

WELCOME to submit subtitles to this video!! You would be credited and appreciated in the info box~ Remember to type your name from the very beginning of the subtitles (e.g. Subtitle by xxx) Thank you!!

先說我因為一起床就要馬上拍這個片，我的頭髮有點亂，請見諒！
First, let me say that as soon as I woke up this morning, I wanted to make this video, so I didn't do my hair...

上個禮拜Netflix上的美國影集RuPaul’s Drag Race (魯保羅變裝皇后秀)有發生一個關於美國人對亞洲人的看法的事件

我今天跟大家分享一下發生了什麼也跟大家討論一下這個事的意思

我裡面的意見沒有在批評裡面的人，只是想跟大家討論一下這一點

謝謝觀看

Last week on the American show RuPaul’s Drag Race, something happened that brings up Americans’ views towards Asians.

Today, I share the clip of what happened and discuss it while trying to also explain what it means.

My opinions in my video are not meant as judgment of the people involved, but are aimed at trying to discuss this topic with everyone.

Thank you for watching.

大家好我是來自美國的Brian!
今年9月我就住在台灣滿10年、學習中文滿15年囉 台灣人的熱情,幫助,支持偷走我的心讓我深深愛上這裡希望我也能夠跟大家分享台灣的美麗和獨特.

Hello, I’m Brian from the USA!
This September I will have lived in Taiwan for 10 years and studied Mandarin for 15.
Due to of the compassion, helpfulness, and support of Taiwanese people, my heart will always belong to this beautiful country.
I hope that I can share my deep love for Taiwan’s beauty and uniqueness with all of the world.

Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/Brian2Taiwan

Youtube:
https://www.youtube.com/c/Brian2Taiwan

Instagram:
www.instagram.com/Brian2Taiwan

Patreon:
www.patreon.com/Brian2Taiwan

可以用Patreon來捐錢讓我比較好繼續做下去為大家做出這些地方的內容～ 收到的每一毛錢都跟大家說非常感謝～

You can donate to help me keep creating content on all of these pages. Any donations are greatly appreciated!!!

👉歡迎訂閱我的YouTube頻道😊
👉Subscribe to my YouTube channel 😊

Clip taken from Netflix Taiwan - RuPaul’s Drag Race from World of Wonder Productions

Go Pro這錄音讓我太失望了 我已經買好外接Mic了這次不好意思0.0
►訂閱菜喳吧！http://goo.gl/MBvWci
►生活系列播放清單~https://goo.gl/MxcWTK
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參與拍攝 In this video：魚乾、羅伊、浮千

►魚乾 Facebook：https://goo.gl/wOu2V2
►魚乾 Youtube：https://goo.gl/SNFRXR

►羅伊Facebook: https://goo.gl/MuRMfS
►羅伊Youtube: https://goo.gl/cAlkZk

►浮千 Facebook：https://goo.gl/oXhCNC
►浮千 Youtube：https://goo.gl/xWb3uS
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更多菜喳！More Zyn
►Facebook：http://facebook.com/zynxyz
►Twitch：http://twitch.tv/zynxyz
►官方網站 Official Website：http://zynxyz.blogspot.tw
合作邀請:zynxyz@yahoo.com.tw
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BGM
https://dova-s.jp/bgm/play8852.html
http://taira-komori.jpn.org/freesoundtw.html
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Hello, my name is Zyn. I'm a Taiwanese youtuber, gamer, creator. Hope you enjoy the videos and have a great laugh with them, Don't forget to subscribe me and leave a like, your support will be highly appreciated