「每日英文閱讀分享#023」​
​
大家晚安，今天是小週末？​
我一直有種今天是禮拜五的錯覺，​
覺得已經做完一堆事了怎麼才禮拜三XDD​
​
今天的文章：How Amazon Automated Work and Put Its People to Better Use​
​
全文在說Amazon裡的機器與演算法如何替代人類的工作，​
然而作者並沒有明說，將人力調到產品管理的工作，​
以機器跟演算法取代人力的危機是什麼。​
​
最後作者給出一個結論：​
If Amazon is any indication, businesses that reassign employees after automating their work will thrive. Those that don’t risk falling behind.​
​
個人心得：​
你覺得你的工作，未來會被演算法或是AI給取代嗎？​
我覺得如果工作或是能力只有一個面向，​
未來就會很容易被取代。​
所以不停地精進自己，​
可能會是預防被取代的方法之一。​
一起學習、進步吧～～​
​
本日單字：【milk】​
孤陋寡聞的我真的第一次看到milk當作動詞用，​
閱讀總是會讓人發現新大陸。​
​
釋義：to get as much as you can from someone or from a situation, in a very determined and sometimes dishonest way​
​
用法：milk somebody/something for something​
​
例句：The cable companies will be able to milk subscribers for even more money.—Longman Dictionary ​
​
本文例句：​
Had Amazon eliminated those jobs, it would have made its flagship business more profitable but most likely would have caused itself to miss its next new businesses. Instead of automating to milk a single asset, it set out to build new ones.​
​
#言之有物​
#英語學習​
#商業英文​
#BusinessEnglish​
#Innovation ​
#每日英文閱讀分享​
#一起來建立英文閱讀習慣吧

[時事英文] 疫情下各國強化監控，健康與隱私不可兼得？
　
It is essential that the government enact measures to keep us safe and healthy. At the same time, we need a framework that prevents governments and companies from overstepping their bounds. How much data should they collect? How should measures be enforced? Are these measures temporary and limited to times of crisis? These are questions we need to think about now.
　
1、enact measures 實行措施
2、overstep the bounds 超出界線*
3、temporary measures 臨時的措施
　
政府必須採取措施以保障我們的安全與健康。同時，我們需要一個框架，以確保政府與公司不會踰越他們的界線。他們該搜集多少資料？該如何執行措施？ 這些措施是臨時性的並僅限於危機時期嗎？這些是我們現在需要思考的問題。
　
*overstep the bounds: https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/overstep-the-limits-bounds-boundaries
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
紐約時報報導：
　
In South Korea, government agencies are harnessing surveillance-camera footage, smartphone location data and credit card purchase records to help trace the recent movements of coronavirus patients and establish virus transmission chains. In Lombardy, Italy, the authorities are analyzing location data transmitted by citizens’ mobile phones to determine how many people are obeying a government lockdown order and the typical distances they move every day. About 40 percent are moving around “too much,” an official recently said. In Israel, the country’s internal security agency is poised to start using a cache of mobile phone location data — originally intended for counterterrorism operations — to try to pinpoint citizens who may have been exposed to the virus.
　
4、harness 控制；利用
5、transmission chain 傳播鏈
6、be poised to 隨時準備著
7、counterterrorism operation 反恐任務
8、a cache of ⋯⋯一批(隱藏的)...
9、pinpoint 精準指出；確定位置（或時間）；準確描述
　
在韓國，政府機構正在利用監控影像、智慧型手機的定位數據和信用卡消費記錄來幫助追蹤冠狀病毒患者的近期活動，並確立病毒傳播鏈。在義大利倫巴底，當局正在分析市民手機傳送的定位數據，以確定有多少人遵守政府的封鎖令，以及他們每天通常行走的距離。一位官員最近說，大約有４０％的人走動得「太多」。在以色列，國內安全部門準備開始使用手機定位數據的暫存－－最初是用於反恐行動－－以精確尋找可能已感染該病毒的國民。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Yet ratcheting up surveillance to combat the pandemic now could permanently open the doors to more invasive forms of snooping later. It is a lesson Americans learned after the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, civil liberties experts say. Nearly two decades later, law enforcement agencies have access to higher-powered surveillance systems, like fine-grained location tracking and facial recognition — technologies that may be repurposed to further political agendas like anti-immigration policies. Civil liberties experts warn that the public has little recourse to challenge these digital exercises of state power.
　
10、open the doors to 為⋯⋯打開大門
11、civil liberties experts 公民自由專家
12、fine-grained 細緻的；精細的；細顆粒的
13、location tracking 定位追蹤
14、facial recognition 臉部辨識
15、repurpose 重新利用；改變……的用途；為……找到新用途
16、political agenda 政治議題
17、anti-immigration policies 反移民政策
18、recourse 追索權
19、digital exercise of ⋯⋯的數位行動
20、state power 國家的權力
　
然而，為了對抗現在的全球性流行病加強監控，可能會為今後進行更具侵入性的竊聽打開永久的大門。公民自由專家說，這是美國人在２００１年９月１１日恐怖攻擊後學到的教訓。９１１事件發生近二十年後，執法機構如今掌握著更強大的監控系統，例如細緻精確的定位追蹤和臉部辨識－－這些技術可能會被重新用於反移民政策等進一步的政治議題。公民自由專家警告，公眾幾乎沒有辦法挑戰這些由國家實施的數位行動。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
In hundreds of cities in China, the government is requiring citizens to use software on their phones that automatically classifies each person with a color code — red, yellow or green — indicating contagion risk. The software determines which people should be quarantined or permitted to enter public places like subways. But officials have not explained how the system makes such decisions, and citizens have felt powerless to challenge it.
　
21、indicate 指出；表明
22、contagion risk 感染風險
23、quarantine 隔離；檢疫
　
在中國的數百個城市，政府要求市民在手機上使用一種軟體，可以自動用顏色代碼－－紅、黃、綠－－給每個人分類，以顯示感染風險。這個軟體決定哪些人應該被隔離，或是可以進入地鐵等公共場所。但官員們並沒有解釋系統如何做出這樣的決定，市民們也覺得無力挑戰它。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
In Singapore, the Ministry of Health has posted information online about each coronavirus patient, often in stunning detail, including relationships to other patients. The idea is to warn individuals who may have crossed paths with them, as well as alert the public to potentially infected locations. On Friday, Singapore also introduced a smartphone app for citizens to help the authorities locate people who may have been exposed to the virus. The app, called TraceTogether, uses Bluetooth signals to detect mobile phones that are nearby. If an app user later tests positive for the virus, the health authorities may examine the data logs from the app to find people who crossed their paths. A government official said the app preserved privacy by not revealing users’ identities to one another.
　
24、stunning detail 驚人的細節
25、cross paths 相遇；交集
26、data logs 數據日誌
27、cross sb's path （偶然）與某人相遇
　
在新加坡，衛生部在網路上公布了每個冠狀病毒患者的訊息，通常帶有驚人的細節，包括與其他患者的關係。這是為了警告可能與他們相遇的人，並提醒公眾注意潛在的感染地點。上週五，新加坡還推出了一款供國民使用的智慧型手機應用程式，幫助當局找到可能接觸過該病毒的人。這款名為「TraceTogether」的應用程式使用藍牙訊號偵測附近的手機。如果一名用戶後來檢測出病毒陽性，衛生當局可能會檢查該應用程式的數據日誌，以便找到與他們有接觸的人。一名政府官員表示，該應用程式通過不向用戶彼此透露身份來保護隱私。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
In New York this month, Mayor Bill de Blasio posted details on Twitter about a lawyer in Westchester County who was the second person in the state to test positive for the virus — including the name of the man’s seven-person law firm and the names of the schools attended by two of his children. A few hours later, The New York Post identified the lawyer by name and was soon referring to him as “patient zero” in the coronavirus outbreak in New Rochelle.
　
28、law firm 律師事務所
29、refer to 稱作；談及；與……相關
30、patient zero 零號病人；零號感染源
　
本月，紐約市長白思豪在推特上發布了西徹斯特郡一名律師、該州第二名病毒檢測呈陽性者的詳細訊息－－包括這名男子的七人律師事務所的名稱，以及他兩個孩子的學校名稱。幾個小時後，《紐約郵報》確認了這名律師的名字，並且很快稱他為新洛歇爾冠狀病毒疫情中的「零號病人」。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
In a response posted on Facebook, Adina Lewis Garbuz, a lawyer who is the wife of the man, Lawrence Garbuz, pleaded with the public to focus instead on the personal efforts the family had made to isolate themselves and notify people who came into contact with them. “We would have preferred this all remain private,” Ms. Garbuz wrote in the Facebook post, “but since it is no longer, I wanted to at least share some truths and allay people’s fears.”
　
31、plead with the public 懇求公眾
32、instead (adv.) 作為替代*
33、isolate 將……隔離；使孤立
34、remain private 保持私密
35、come into 對……產生影響
36、allay 平息；減輕；使緩和*
　
這名男子叫勞倫斯・加布茲，他的妻子阿蒂娜・加布茲律師在臉書上發表回應，懇求公眾多關注加布茲一家如何盡量遠離他人，並通知與他們有過接觸的人。「我們本來希望這一切都保持私密，」加布茲在臉書上寫道，「但既然已經不再是隱私，我想至少分享一些真相，減輕人們的恐懼。」
　
*instead: https://bit.ly/34jDdpy
instead of: https://bit.ly/2JR9VoR
　
*allay: https://bit.ly/2y1wRiw
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
《紐約時報》完整報導：https://nyti.ms/3e2hFSR
　
圖片出處：https://bit.ly/2Xf1mMG
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
時事英文大全：http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
　
如何使用「時事英文」：https://bit.ly/3a9rr38
　
#科技時事英文

[教育時評] Distance Learning 遠程教學

I personally feel that universities will fully embrace distance learning and relevant technologies will be rapidly developed as a result.

個人認為，大學院校將會全面擁抱遠程教學，而相關科技也將因此迅速發展。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

US Universities Move Classes Online

The day after colleges across the country suspended classes over fears of the coronavirus, Abigail Lockhart-Calpito, a freshman from San Antonio, ran across the Harvard campus trying to get answers. Her lectures were being replaced by online classes. Her residence hall was being cleared out. She, like thousands of others in her shoes, had a million questions: What was going to happen to her financial aid? Where would she stay? What about her credits?

1. over fears of 擔心、擔憂
2. financial aid 助學金
3. school credit 學分

全國大學院校因新冠病毒擔憂停課的第二天，來自聖安東尼奧的大一學生阿比蓋爾·洛哈特-卡皮托(Abigail Lockhart-Calpito)在哈佛校園裡四處奔走尋找答案。她的課換成了在線教學。她的宿舍要騰空。現在，她和其他幾萬名面臨同樣處境的學生一樣，腦中有無數疑問：助學金怎麼辦？搬到哪裡去？學分呢？

★★★★★★★★★★★★

The abrupt disruption of the semester caused widespread concern and a feeling of chaos on campuses across the country. Administrators saw spring break as a chance to reset the clock in the battle against the coronavirus. One after the other, like dominoes, they announced they were suspending classes and asking students to pack up and go.

4. abrupt disruption 突然中斷
5. cause widespread concern 引發擔憂的蔓延
6. a feeling of chaos 混亂的感覺
7. across the country 在全國範圍內
8. reset the clock 歸零，重置
9. the battle against…對抗…的戰役
10. dominoes 多米諾骨牌
11. pack up 打包

在全國範圍內，學期被突然打斷，擔憂和一種陷入混亂的感覺在校園裡蔓延。管理者認為，春假是開始抗擊新冠病毒疫情的好時機，於是，如多米諾骨牌一般，他們一個接一個地宣布停課，並讓學生打包離開。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

On Wednesday, the closures continued. Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo of New York declared that the state and city university systems would move to distance learning, as did the University of Pennsylvania, several California State campuses, the Claremont Colleges, Iowa State, Georgetown, Pepperdine, Villanova, Notre Dame, Michigan State and Washington University in St. Louis, among others.

12. closure of 關閉
13. move to 移至
14. distance learning* 遠程教學
15. online learning 線上學習

星期三，更多學校關閉。紐約州州長安德魯·M·科莫(Andrew M. Cuomo)宣布，所有州屬、市屬大學都改為遠程教學。採取同樣措施的，還有賓夕法尼亞大學、加利福尼亞州立大學的幾所分校、克萊蒙特學院、愛荷華州立大學、喬治城大學、佩珀代因大學、維拉諾瓦大學、聖母大學、密西根州立大學和聖路易斯華盛頓大學等等。

*In a nutshell, the key difference between online learning and distance learning is geography. Students can be together with an instructor and use online learning, but distance learning implies that students and instructor are separated.

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Infectious disease specialists said that dormitories, with their communal bathrooms as well as dining halls with open buffets, are like cruise ships, with students squeezed together and facing increased risk of infection. Emptying them out, if only partially, is necessary, they said.

16. infectious disease 傳染病
17. dormitory 學生宿舍
18. communal bathrooms 公共浴室
19. open buffet 開放式自助餐
20. face increased risk of infection 面臨感染風險增加

傳染病專家說，學生宿舍裡有公共浴室和提供自助餐的食堂，學生被圈擠在一起，與郵輪一樣面臨高感染風險。他們說，把宿舍清空，即使只是一部分，也是必要的。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Even those on the way to college in the fall felt the impact on Wednesday, as the SAT exam scheduled for Saturday was canceled in 18 countries and at more than 120 U.S. schools. In many cases, no alternative locations or makeup dates were offered.

21. on the way to 正要
22. feel the impact 感受到影響
23. be scheduled for 被排定於
24. in many cases 很多的例子
25. no alternative 沒有替代方案

即便那些秋季才入學的學生，也在週三感受到了影響。週三，18個國家和超過120所學校取消了原定在週六舉行的SAT測試。很多地方沒有公布替補考點或改期時間。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Ms. Lockhart-Calpito, 19, is on full financial aid, which includes tuition, room and board. Her parents are self-employed, and she had scraped together airfare home for spring break by working two part-time jobs, as a tutor and as an usher and ticket seller. She is going to stay with a family friend instead of her parents, but she worries about wearing out her welcome.

26. full financial aid 全額助學金
27. tuition 學費
28. room and board 住宿費與餐費
29. usher (n.) 帶位員
30. wear out 消磨

19歲的洛哈特-卡皮托領著全額助學金，包括學費、住宿費和餐費。她父母是個體經營者，她自己勉強湊夠了春假回家的機票，為此她要打兩份零工，一份是家教，一份是領位兼售票員。她打算住在父母的一個朋友家中，而不是住父母那裡，但是她擔心，那家人可能會不太歡迎她。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

“Harvard expects us to go home,” she said on Wednesday. “But home for a lot of us is this campus.” As she went from office to office, officials told her apologetically that they had found out about the orders to shut down normal life on campus at the same time that she had, and so had few answers. Private charities and individuals were responding with offers to provide temporary lodging and financial help, she said.

31. expect someone to 期望某人做某事
32. tell someone apologetically 懷著歉意告知某人
33. find out 發現
34. provide temporary lodging 提供臨時住所

「哈佛希望我們回家，」她在週三說，「但是對我們很多人來說，學校就是家。」她跑了許多辦公室詢問，官員們很抱歉地告訴她，他們是與學生同時收到指令，得知校園的正常生活要被關停的，所以無法回答她的問題。她說有私人慈善機構和個人對此做出回應，向學生提供臨時住處和資金幫助。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Harvard officials said they were swamped with requests for financial and logistical help and could not take time to talk in detail about the situation. They noted that Gov. Charlie Baker of Massachusetts had declared a public health emergency on Tuesday, and said that the university had been forced to respond in kind. But they said that any students who were on financial aid and had a “demonstrated need” would be taken care of.

35. be swamped with 被…淹沒
36. logistics 後勤；後勤學
37. declare a public health emergency 宣布公共衛生進入緊急狀態
38. respond in kind 以同樣方法（或手段）回應
39. on financial aid 領助學金的
40. a “demonstrative” need 經證實的需求
41. be taken care of 會被照料

哈佛校方表示，他們現在被資金和後勤方面的協助要求淹沒，沒有時間深入談論具體情況。他們提到，麻薩諸塞州州長查理·貝克(Charlie Baker)在週二宣布了公共衛生緊急狀態，學校也被迫要以類似的舉措進行回應。但他們表示，他們會照顧那些依賴助學金並「經證明有需求」的學生。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

The closures also presented challenges for foreign students enrolled at American universities on F visas. They are permitted to take only one course online per term to remain legally in the country; students on M visas for vocational training are normally not allowed to take any classes online.

42. present challenges 呈現了挑戰
43. F visas F簽證*
44. remain legally in the country 合法居留
45. vocational training 職業培訓

學校關閉也為持F簽證在美國大學學習的外國留學生帶來挑戰。要在這個國家合法居留，他們每個學期只允許選一門網課。而持M簽證接受職業培訓的學生，則通常不能選任何網課。

*F visas: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Immigration and Customs Enforcement on Monday issued guidance, saying that it would be “flexible with temporary adaptations” for international students as universities adjust to the crisis. Carissa Cutrell, an agency spokeswoman, said the goal was to ensure that students were “able to continue to make normal progress in a full course of study as required by federal regulations.”

46. be flexible with... 對…保持彈性
47. temporary adaptations 臨時應變
48. adjust to 為…調整
49. ensure that... 確保...
50. make normal progress 做到維持正常進度
51. federal regulations 聯邦規定

週一，移民和海關執法局頒佈指導意見，說在學校調整應對當前危機時，該部門針對外國學生會有「臨時的應變靈活處理」。執法局發言人卡麗莎·卡瑞爾(Carissa Cutrell)說，目的是要確保學生「能夠保持正常的學習進度，以完成聯邦法規所要求的全部課程」。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Megan Lobo, 18, a freshman at New York University, had her first two online classes on Wednesday, and will soon be moving home to Leonia, N.J. Her two-and-a-half-hour music class, she said, was not conducive to online learning. They used Zoom, the video application. “A lot of the relationships that you form in college are just kind of being around each other,” she said. “Especially for music — meeting people and networking. A lot of people I’ve met in the hallway or in class. Losing those small things can be a setback.”

52. conductive to 對…有利的
53. video application 影片應用程式
54. networking 網路
55. suffer a setback 遭遇挫折

紐約大學18歲的大一學生梅根·洛博(Megan Lobo)在週三上了頭兩節網課，很快將搬回紐澤西利奧尼亞市的家中。她說有一節兩個半小時的音樂課並不適合在線學習。他們用了影片應用Zoom。「在大學裡，很多關係的建立，其實就是大家在一塊兒，」她說，「尤其對於音樂來說——就是要與人見面，建立人際網路。很多人我都是在走廊或課上認識的。沒了這樣的小事是很遺憾的。」

完整報導: https://nyti.ms/3cY9zdw

圖片來源: https://nyti.ms/3d1qPid

★★★★★★★★★★★★

教育時評: http://bit.ly/39ABON9

時事英文大全: http://bit.ly/2WtAqop

turn on 例句網頁：
http://www.ginateacher.com/lessons/english-phrase/unit-01/turn-on/turn-on-player-page.html
回到片語選單，就可以看到 turn off 的連結

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http://www.ginateacher.com/

聯絡email：
webmaster@wordsgo.com

會員片語課程：
01 take off 脫掉
02 put on 穿上
03 cheer up 振奮起來
04 at first 起初；一開始
05 at last 最後
06 bump into 撞到；巧遇
07 run into 撞上；遇到
08 come across 無意中發現
09 get along 與人相處融洽
10 hang out with 和朋友在一起
11 instead of 相反；替代
12 look forward to 期待；期盼
13 once in a while 偶爾；有時
14 come up with 想出；籌措金錢
15. be supposed to 應該；大家都這麼認為
16. turn on 打開；開啟；背叛
17. turn off 關上；掃興，倒盡胃口；讓人不開心
18. call off vs. cancel 取消

吉娜手機會員網站：
http://www.ginateacher.com/

聯絡email：
webmaster@wordsgo.com

吉娜手機會員課程：
實用片語 14 課
食物 7 課
病毒 13 個
一般課程 10 課
(課程隨時更新)

一般精選課程：
01 上廁所相關用法
02 生氣不爽三個用字
03 10個口語很棒用字
04 be used to 習慣
05 used to 以前；曾經
06 would 客氣禮貌用法
07 工作相關15實用句
08 壓力很大
09 心情不好
10 我的手機壞了

食物英文：
01 食物好吃
02 食物不好吃
03 食物放久了
04 食物很脆
05 食物很辣
06 餐廳：詢問有位置嗎？
07 餐廳：電話訂位

病毒課程：
01 隔離
02 社交距離
03 呼吸器
04 確診病例
05 14個病毒症狀
06 潛伏期
07 病毒檢測
08 爆發全球大流行
09 疫苗和免疫力
10 口罩與護目鏡
11 封鎖與禁止
12 衛生和消毒酒精
13 感染三個用字

片語課程：
01 take off 脫掉
02 put on 穿上
03 cheer up 振奮起來
04 at first 起初；一開始
05 at last 最後
06 bump into 撞到；巧遇
07 run into 撞上；遇到
08 come across 無意中發現
09 get along 與人相處融洽
10 hang out with 和朋友在一起
11 instead of 相反；替代
12 look forward to 期待；期盼
13 once in a while 偶爾；有時
14 come up with 想出；籌措金錢

吉娜手機會員網站：
http://www.ginateacher.com/

聯絡email：
webmaster@wordsgo.com

吉娜手機會員課程：
實用片語 14 課
食物 7 課
病毒 13 個
一般課程 10 課
(課程隨時更新)

一般精選課程：
01 上廁所相關用法
02 生氣不爽三個用字
03 10個口語很棒用字
04 be used to 習慣
05 used to 以前；曾經
06 would 客氣禮貌用法
07 工作相關15實用句
08 壓力很大
09 心情不好
10 我的手機壞了

食物英文：
01 食物好吃
02 食物不好吃
03 食物放久了
04 食物很脆
05 食物很辣
06 餐廳：詢問有位置嗎？
07 餐廳：電話訂位

病毒課程：
01 隔離
02 社交距離
03 呼吸器
04 確診病例
05 14個病毒症狀
06 潛伏期
07 病毒檢測
08 爆發全球大流行
09 疫苗和免疫力
10 口罩與護目鏡
11 封鎖與禁止
12 衛生和消毒酒精
13 感染三個用字

片語課程：
01 take off 脫掉
02 put on 穿上
03 cheer up 振奮起來
04 at first 起初；一開始
05 at last 最後
06 bump into 撞到；巧遇
07 run into 撞上；遇到
08 come across 無意中發現
09 get along 與人相處融洽
10 hang out with 和朋友在一起
11 instead of 相反；替代
12 look forward to 期待；期盼
13 once in a while 偶爾；有時
14 come up with 想出；籌措金錢





would
(1) will 的過去式
(2) 用於現在式，表客氣
(3) 用於假設語氣
(4) would like = want 的客氣用語

輕鬆背5000英文單字影片
如何快速背單字
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