「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

疫情爆發以來，藝術家能做的事不多，平常就閉關在家其實挺習慣，但是總想為社會做些事、幫上忙，想了半天安撫人心也許還行吧！於是另一本「地獄空」將趕在中元普渡八月初出版上市，由典藏出版社社長發心首肯出版，設計名家黃子欽操刀，附贈很多符咒給大家趨吉避凶。諸惡莫作，眾善奉行，疫情消退，平安喜樂。附上後記給大家解封後參訪這些宮廟，觀照自己的心所。全文如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鐘情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。

2017年盛暑拍畢「巨神連線」，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒…總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鸞堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山…）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開郎基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘糟屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截…等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄…兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼…等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石…小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭…等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮…等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤…等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍…等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據「十八泥犁經」記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

誰弄的？這麼齊全！存下吧，很難找到的！太有用了！》

【三教】
儒教
道教
佛教

【九流】
儒家
道家
陰陽家
法家
名家
墨家
縱橫家
雜家
農家

【三皇】
伏羲
女媧
神農

【五帝】
太皞
炎帝
黃帝
少皞
顓頊

【三山】
安徽黃山
江西廬山
浙江雁蕩山

【五嶽】
〖中岳〗河南嵩山
〖東岳〗山東泰山
〖西嶽〗陝西華山
〖南嶽〗湖南衡山
〖北岳〗山西恆山

【五湖】
鄱陽湖〖江西〗
洞庭湖〖湖南〗
太 湖〖江蘇〗
洪澤湖〖江蘇〗
巢 湖〖安徽〗

【四海】
渤海
黃海
東海
南海

【三清】
元始天尊 - 清微天玉清境
靈寶天尊 - 禹余天上清境
道德天尊 - 大赤天太清境

【四禦】
昊天金闕無上至尊玉皇大帝
中天紫微北極大帝
勾陳上宮天后皇大帝
承天效法土皇地祗

【四大佛教名山】
浙江普陀山 - 觀音菩薩
山西五台山 - 文殊菩薩
四川峨眉山 - 普賢菩薩
安徽九華山 - 地藏王菩薩

【四大道教名山】
湖北武當山
江西龍虎山
安徽齊云山
四川青城山

【五行】
金
木
水
火
土

【八卦】
乾〖天〗
坤〖地〗
震〖雷〗
巽〖風〗
坎〖水〗
離〖火〗
艮〖山〗
兌〖沼〗

【十八羅漢】
布袋羅漢
長眉羅漢
芭蕉羅漢
沉思羅漢
伏虎羅漢
過江羅漢
歡喜羅漢
降龍羅漢
靜坐羅漢
舉缽羅漢
開心羅漢
看門羅漢
騎象羅漢
探手羅漢
托塔羅漢
挖耳羅漢
笑獅羅漢
坐鹿羅漢

【十八層地獄】
[第1層] 泥犁地獄
[第2層] 刀山地獄
[第3層] 沸沙地獄
[第4層] 沸屎地獄
[第5層] 黑身地獄
[第6層] 火車地獄
[第7層] 鑊湯地獄
[第8層] 鐵床地獄
[第9層] 蓋山地獄
[第10層] 寒冰地獄
[第11層] 剝皮地獄
[第12層] 畜生地獄
[第13層] 刀兵地獄
[第14層] 鐵磨地獄
[第15層] 寒冰地獄
[第16層] 鐵冊地獄
[第17層] 蛆蟲地獄
[第18層] 烊銅地獄

【五臟】
心
肝
脾
肺
腎

【六腑】
胃
膽
三焦
膀胱
大腸
小腸

【四書】
《論語》
《中庸》
《大學》
《孟子》

【五經】
《詩經》
《尚書》
《禮記》
《易經》
《春秋》

【八股文】
破題
承題
起講
入股
起股
中股
後股
束股

【六子全書】
《老子》
《莊子》
《列子》
《荀子》
《揚子法言》
《文中子中說》

【漢字六書】
象形
指事
形聲
會意
轉注
假借

【書法九勢】
落筆
轉筆
藏峰
藏頭
護尾
疾勢
掠筆
澀勢
橫鱗
豎勒

【竹林七賢】
嵇康
劉伶
阮籍
山濤
阮咸
向秀
王戎

【飲中八仙】
李白
賀知章
李適之
李璡
崔宗之
蘇晉
張旭
焦遂

【蜀之八仙】
容成公
李耳
董促舒
張道陵
嚴君平
李八百
范長生
爾朱先生

【揚州八怪】
鄭板橋
汪士慎
李鱓
黃慎
金農
高翔
李方鷹
羅聘

【北宋四大家】
黃庭堅
歐陽修
蘇軾
王安石

【唐宋古文八大家】
韓愈
柳宗元
歐陽修
蘇洵
蘇軾
蘇轍
王安石
曾鞏

【十三經】
《易經》
《詩經》
《尚書》
《禮記》
《儀禮》
《公羊傳》
《榖梁傳》
《左傳》
《孝經》
《論語》
《爾雅》
《孟子》

【四大民間傳說】
牛郎織女
孟姜女
梁山伯與祝英台
白蛇與許仙

【四大文化遺產】
明清檔案
殷墟甲骨
居延漢簡
敦煌經卷

【元代四大戲劇】
關漢卿《竇娥冤》
王實甫《西廂記》
湯顯祖《牡丹亭》
洪 升《長生殿》

【晚清四大譴責小說】
李寶嘉《官場現形記》
吳沃堯《二十年目睹之怪現狀》
劉鶚《老殘遊記》
曾樸《孽海花》

【六禮】
冠
婚
喪
祭
鄉飲酒
相見

【六藝】
禮
樂
射
禦
書
數

【六義】
風
賦
比
興
雅
頌

【十惡】
謀反
謀大逆
謀叛
謀惡逆
不道
大不敬
不孝
不睦
不義
內亂

【五彩】
青
黃
赤
白
黑

【五音】
宮
商
角
徵
羽

【七寶】
金
銀
琉璃
珊瑚
硨磲
珍珠
瑪瑙

【九宮】
正宮
中呂宮
南呂宮
仙呂宮
黃鐘宮
大面調
雙調
商調
越調

【七大藝術】
繪畫
音樂
雕塑
戲劇
文學
建築
電影

【四大名瓷窯】
河北的瓷州窯
浙江的龍泉窯
江西的景德鎮窯
福建的德化窯
【
四大名旦】
梅蘭芳
程硯秋
尚小雲
荀慧生

【八旗】
鑲黃
正黃
鑲白
正白
鑲紅
正紅
鑲藍
正藍

【八仙】
鐵拐李
鍾離權
張果老
呂洞賓
何仙姑
藍采和
韓湘子
曹國舅

【七情】
喜
怒
哀
樂
愛
惡
欲

【五常】
仁
義
禮
智
信

【五倫】
君臣
父子
兄弟
夫婦
朋友

【三姑】
尼姑
道姑
卦姑

【六婆】
牙婆
媒婆
師婆
虔婆
藥婆
穩婆

【九屬】
玄孫
曾孫
孫
子
身
父
祖父
曾祖父
高祖父

【五穀】
稻
黍
稷
麥
豆

【中國八大菜系】
四川菜
湖南菜
山東菜
江蘇菜
浙江菜
廣東菜
福建菜
安徽菜

【配藥七方】
大方
小方
緩方
急方
奇方
偶方
複方

【五嶺】
越城嶺
都龐嶺
萌諸嶺
騎田嶺
大庾嶺

【四大名橋】
廣濟橋
趙州橋
洛陽橋
盧溝橋

【四大名園】
頤和園〖北京〗
避暑山莊〖河北承德〗
拙政園〖江蘇蘇州〗
留園〖江蘇蘇州〗

【四大名剎】
靈巖寺〖山東長清〗
國清寺〖浙江天台〗
玉泉寺〖湖北江陵〗
棲霞寺〖江蘇南京〗

【四大名樓】
岳陽樓〖湖南嶽陽〗
黃鶴樓〖湖北武漢〗
滕王閣〖江西南昌〗
大觀樓〖雲南昆明〗

【四大名亭】
醉翁亭〖安徽滁縣〗
陶然亭〖北京先農壇〗
愛晚亭〖湖南長沙〗
湖心亭〖杭州西湖〗

【四大古鎮】
景德鎮〖江西〗
佛山鎮〖廣東〗
漢口鎮〖湖北〗
朱仙鎮〖河南〗

【四大碑林】
西安碑林〖陝西西安〗
孔廟碑林〖山東曲阜〗
地震碑林〖四川西昌〗
南門碑林〖台灣高雄〗

【四大名塔】
嵩岳寺塔 >河南登封嵩岳寺
飛虹塔 >山西洪洞廣勝寺
釋迦塔 >山西應縣佛宮寺
千尋塔 >雲南大理崇聖寺

【四大石窟】
莫高窟〖甘肅敦煌〗
雲崗石窟〖山西大同〗
龍門石窟〖河南洛陽〗
麥積山石窟〖甘肅天水〗

【四大書院】
白鹿洞書院〖江西廬山〗
岳麓書院〖湖南長沙〗
嵩陽書院〖河南嵩山〗
應天書院〖河南商丘〗

【四大名繡】
蘇繡〖蘇州〗
湘繡〖湖南〗
蜀繡〖四川〗
廣繡〖廣東〗

【四大名扇】
檀香扇〖江蘇〗
火畫扇〖廣東〗
竹絲扇〖四川〗
綾絹扇〖浙江〗

【四大名花】
牡丹〖山東菏澤〗
水仙〖福建漳州〗
菊花〖浙江杭州〗
山茶〖雲南昆明〗

【十大名茶】
西湖龍井〖浙江杭州西湖區〗
碧螺春〖江蘇吳縣太湖的洞庭山碧螺峰〗
信陽毛尖〖河南信陽車雲山〗
君山銀針〖湖南嶽陽君山〗
六安瓜片〖安徽六安和金寨兩縣的齊云山〗
黃山毛峰〖安徽歙縣黃山〗
祁門紅茶〖安徽祁門縣〗
都勻毛尖〖貴州都勻縣〗
鐵觀音〖福建安溪縣〗
武夷岩茶〖福建崇安縣〗

【十二生肖】〖中國〗
子鼠
丑牛
寅虎
卯兔
辰龍
巳蛇
午馬
未羊
申猴
酉雞
戌狗
亥豬

〖埃及〗
牝牛
山羊
獅子
驢
蟹
蛇犬
貓
鱷
紅鶴
猿
鷹
〖法國〗
摩羯
寶瓶
雙魚
白羊
金牛
雙子
巨蟹
獅子
室女
天秤
天蠍
人馬
〖印度〗
招杜羅神的鼠
毗羯羅神的牛
宮毘羅神的獅
伐折羅神的兔
迷立羅神的龍
安底羅神的蛇
安彌羅神的馬
珊底羅神的羊
因達羅神的猴
波夷羅神的金翅鳥
摩虎羅神的狗
和真達羅神的豬

【年齡稱謂】
襁褓：未滿周歲的嬰兒
孩提：指2～3歲的兒童
垂髫：指幼年兒童（又叫“總角”）
荳蔻：指女子十三歲
及笄：指女子十五歲
加冠：指男子二十歲（又“弱冠”）
而立之年：指三十歲
不惑之年：指四十歲
知命之年：指五十歲（又“知天命”、“半百”）
花甲之年：指六十歲
古稀之年：指七十歲
耄耋之年：指八、九十歲
期頤之年：一百歲

【古代主要節日】
元日：正月初一，一年開始。
人日：正月初七，主小孩。
上元：正月十五，張燈為戲，又叫“燈節”
'
寒食：清明前兩日，禁火三日（吳子胥）
清明：四月初，掃墓、祭祀。
端午：五月初五，吃粽子，劃龍（屈原）
七夕：七月初七，婦女乞巧（牛郎織女）
中元：七月十五，祭祀鬼神，又叫“鬼節”
中秋：八月十五，賞月，思鄉
重陽：九月初九，登高，插茱萸免災
冬至：又叫“至日”，節氣的起點。
臘日：臘月初八，喝“臘八粥”
除夕：​​一年的最後一天的晚上，初舊迎新

【婚姻週年】
第1年§紙婚
第2年§棉婚
第3年§皮革婚
第4年§水果婚
第5年§木婚
第6年§鐵婚
第7年§銅婚
第8年§陶婚
第9年§柳婚
第10年§鋁婚
第11年§鋼婚
第12年§絲婚
第13年§絲帶婚
第14年§象牙婚
第15年§水晶婚
第20年§瓷婚
第25年§銀婚
第30年§珍珠婚
第35年§珊瑚婚
第40年§紅寶石婚
第45年§藍寶石婚
第50年§金婚
第55年§綠寶石婚
第60年§鑽石婚
第70年§白金婚

【科舉職官】
〖鄉試〗：錄取者稱為"舉人"，第一名稱為"解元"
〖會試〗：錄取者稱為"貢生"，第一​​名稱為"會元"
〖殿試〗：錄取者稱為"進士"，第一名稱為"狀元"，第二名為"榜眼"，第三名為"探花"

【莎士比亞四大悲劇】
《漢姆萊特》
《李爾王》
《麥克白》
《奧賽羅》

看完千萬別私存，一定要傳揚下去。

海公園位於中華人民共和國北京市城區的中偏北部，故宮和景山的西北側，始建於宋遼金時代，是世界上現存建園時間最早的皇家宮苑。北海的布局以瓊華島為主體，在島的頂端建有標誌性建築永安寺白塔，與南岸的團城、北岸的宮苑群遙相呼應，相互借景，構成園林的南北中軸線。1969年至1979年，北海公園以「保護中南海安全」為由關閉，禁止遊人入內。1979年後北海公園重新對公眾開放。1996年，北海被列入聯合國教育科學文化組織世界文化遺產後備名錄。北海全園占地約70公頃，其中水域占據了一半以上的面積。太池中有瓊華、團城和犀山台三島，分別象徵著蓬萊、瀛洲和方丈，體現了對蓬萊仙境的追求。是一座純粹的人工園林，布局以水為主體，在太液池中布置島嶼，用橋和岸邊相連。太液池的池水原經金水河直接引自玉泉山，明代起取自積水潭。池中有瓊華、團城和犀山台三島，分別象徵著蓬萊、瀛洲和方丈，體現了對蓬萊意境的追求。它的建築風格受到一些江南園林的影響，但總體上仍然保持了北方園林持重端莊的特點。園內宗教色彩十分濃厚，不僅瓊華島上有永安寺，在北岸和東岸還有闡福寺、西天梵境、小西天、龍王廟、先蠶壇等佛教、道教建築，因此是一座集宮室、宅第、寺廟、園林於一體的宏大帝王宮苑。瓊華島位於北海的中偏南部，太液池中，是整座園林的核心。金代稱瓊華島，元代曾一度改名為萬壽山。「燕京八景」之一的「瓊島春蔭」指的就是湖心的瓊華島。瓊化島上的白塔也成為北海形象的代表。著名兒童歌曲《讓我們盪起雙槳》中的歌詞「讓我們盪起雙槳，小船兒推開波浪，水面倒映著美麗的白塔，四周環繞著綠樹紅牆」描繪的正是泛舟太液池的景致。島上建築均依山而建，高低錯落有致，大體可分為東南西北四個部分。瓊華島的西坡山腰有琳光殿、甘露殿、水精域、蟠青室等組成的建築群。其北側的閱古樓是座皇家藏書樓，平面呈半月形，共有兩層，上下共25間，左右合抱，內有螺旋樓梯。在樓內牆壁上鑲嵌了《三希堂法帖》刻石495方，囊括魏晉以來134位書法家的墨跡精華，其中王羲之《快雪時晴帖》、王獻之《中秋帖》、王珣《伯遠帖》等三件墨寶都堪稱稀世奇珍，被乾隆帝譽為「三稀」。
山的北坡分為山麓和臨水兩部分。山麓建築有抱沖室、一壺天地、酣古堂、盤嵐精舍、得勝樓等。在山坡下，是臨水而建的漪瀾堂、道寧齋、碧照樓、遠帆閣等一組亭台樓榭，風格參照了鎮江的金山寺。其兩側有長300米的半圓形雙層長廊，東西分別連接倚晴樓和分水閣，與太液池北岸的五龍亭、西天梵境等建築隔水相望，交相輝映。在西北側的山坡上還有乾隆時建造的仙人承露盤，是雕刻在蟠龍石柱上的一尊以雙手承托露盤的仙人像，總高5.5米。山的東坡建築不多，有智珠殿、半月城和見春亭等。這一片林木成蔭，怪石嶙峋，崖洞深邃，景色幽靜。「燕京八景」之一的「瓊島春蔭」就是指此，至今林蔭內還保留著一塊乾隆帝題詩的「瓊島春蔭」幢形碑。清順治八年（1651年）在萬壽山上建造了白塔，故山又名白塔山。瓊華島的山坡的南麓以永安寺為主體，有山門、鐘鼓樓、法輪殿、正覺殿、普安殿、善因殿等。所有殿宇均為歇山頂，並覆蓋了黃、綠、藍等各色琉璃瓦，從山頂俯瞰下去，色彩斑斕、蔚為壯觀。電影《祖國的花朵》中的插曲《讓我們盪起雙槳》中所指的白塔即為此。
在永安寺的後部、瓊華島的最頂端，矗立著高達35.9米的白塔。它是一座覆缽式塔，外形與妙應寺白塔頗為相似，但更為秀麗。永安寺白塔始建於清順治八年（1651年），是在原廣寒殿舊址的基礎上修建起來的。康熙十八年（1679年）和雍正九年（1731年）兩次因地震倒塌，後來都進行了重建。塔的基座是十字折角形的高大石砌須彌座，座上置覆缽式塔身。覆缽的正面有壺門式眼光門，內刻「十相自在」圖案。塔身上有高大挺拔的塔剎。剎座是一個小型須彌座，其上置由十三重相輪組成的細長「十三天」剎身。十三天之上覆以兩層銅製華蓋，下層周邊懸14個銅鈴。塔的頂端是仰月和鎏金火焰寶珠組成的剎頂。
西天梵境原名大西天禪林，建於明代，清乾隆二十四年（1759年）重修後改為今名。山門前有一座精美的琉璃牌坊，門內為天王殿和大慈真如殿，供三世佛和十八羅漢像，殿周圍有六十七間迴廊環抱。西天梵境的西側有一塊彩色琉璃磚影壁，稱作九龍壁，建於乾隆二十一年（1756年）。壁面闊25.86米，高6.65米，厚1.42米，廡殿頂，底為青白玉石台基，上有綠琉璃須彌座。壁面前後各有九條在雲霧中翻騰的蛟龍，是由424塊預製的七彩琉璃磚拼砌而成的，色彩絢麗，古樸大方。
團城位於北海的南側，北海與中海之間，是一座相對獨立的小園林。它原是太液池中的小島，稱作圓坻（意為水中的小塊地）。金大定三年（1163年）至十九年（1179年），開始在島上營建宮殿。元代增建了儀天殿，明代重修後改名為承天殿，並將東南兩處水面填為平地，四周加築帶雉堞垛口的城牆，形成一座微型城池。清代又修建了玉瓮亭、古籟堂、敬躋堂、余情齋、鏡瀾亭等屋舍，構成中軸對稱的格局。團城占地4553平方米，城台高出地面約5米。東西兩側的城牆下各開一座門，上建門樓，內有台階可登城台。位於平台中央的承光殿是城內的主體建築，始建於元，初為半圓形，康熙二十九年（1690年）重建後平面呈十字形。它的中間部分為方形，面闊進深各三間，四面各出抱廈一間，南面有月台。殿頂為重檐歇山頂，覆黃琉璃筒瓦，色彩絢麗、裝飾豪華。
承光殿內佛龕中供奉一尊用整塊白玉雕成的釋迦牟尼坐佛，高1.5米，重約2.5噸，相傳是光緒二十年（1894年）明寬和尚從緬甸募化而來獻給慈禧太后的。1900年八國聯軍曾劫掠北海的珍寶古玩，至今玉佛的左臂尚留有當時的刀痕。在殿前有一座玉瓮，名「瀆山大玉海」，高0.7米，重約3500公斤，系用整塊墨玉雕成，是中國現存形體最大的古代玉器。它的原材重達5噸，元世祖忽必烈下令將其雕為玉海，於元世祖至元二年（1265年）完成，運至大都，放於廣寒殿內。大玉海顏色青綠，上雕龍螭象徵蒙古汗，羊、鯉魚、犀牛、海螺、河蚌、蟾蜍、馬、兔等在波濤中參拜龍王。明代末年，廣寒殿被燒毀，瀆山大玉海流落民間。後被北京西華門外真武廟的道人發現，以為是一個普通石瓮，遂帶回作為鹹菜缸。清代乾隆帝訪得後以重金收購，置於團城建石亭保護，並且還親筆撰寫了兩首詩歌銘刻在玉瓮上。承光殿四周松柏蒼鬱，不少古樹都有數百年的歷史，古代帝王曾封以「遮蔭侯」、「白袍將軍」等官爵。
景山公園位於中國北京市西城區的景山前街，西臨北海，南與故宮神武門隔街相望，是元、明、清三代的御苑。公園坐落在明清北京城的中軸線上，公園中心的景山，曾是全城的制高點。在元、明、清三代，景山及其附屬建築不僅是一座供游賞的皇家園林，還具有習射、停靈、祭祖、官學、躬耕、戲曲、宗教等多重功能。目前公園占地23公頃，園內松柏蔥鬱，遊人如織，是北京皇城內獨具特色的所在。