What is mediastinal lymphadenopathy? Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is the swelling of lymph nodes in the chest, specifically the mediastinum (the area between the lungs containing the heart, trachea, and esophagus ). Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is a sign of an underlying disease or infection. What are symptoms of mediastinal lymphadenopathy? Because mediastinal lymph nodes are inside the chest cavity, they are usually only observed on imaging tests. With that said, enlarged lymph nodes can sometimes compress structures within the chest and cause coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and problems swallowing.
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