雖然這篇wide名詞鄉民發文沒有被收入到精華區:在wide名詞這個話題中,我們另外找到其它相關的精選爆讚文章
在 wide名詞產品中有20篇Facebook貼文,粉絲數超過12萬的網紅浩爾譯世界,也在其Facebook貼文中提到, 【每日國際選讀】 #文末挑戰多益選擇題📝 不敵疫情,太陽劇團申請破產保護 Cirque du Soleil Files for Bankruptcy Protection 開啟「接收通知」和「搶先看」每天吸收雙語時事新知 來讀華爾街日報獨家 🎪Cirque du Soleil Enterta...
同時也有3部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過3萬的網紅Eric's English Lounge,也在其Youtube影片中提到,同學期待的政治英文影片第一集總算出爐了! 在此先聲明,我跟Howard老師純粹是分析英文,兩位總統都是神人級的第二語言使用者! 此影片的目的不在於比較兩者的英文能力,而是提供學習者英文口語的實際操作和可以注意的小細節。 以下是影片中提到的一些資訊,請看完再發表評論: 馬英九(1950年7月13日...
「wide名詞」的推薦目錄
- 關於wide名詞 在 平底鍋夫妻Pan Couple •世界食旅 Instagram 的最佳貼文
- 關於wide名詞 在 Kenneth’s Team ✎ Instagram 的最佳解答
- 關於wide名詞 在 Kenneth’s Team ✎ Instagram 的最佳解答
- 關於wide名詞 在 浩爾譯世界 Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於wide名詞 在 浩爾譯世界 Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於wide名詞 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於wide名詞 在 Eric's English Lounge Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於wide名詞 在 逆流音樂 FLOW RECORDS Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於wide名詞 在 一二三渡辺 Youtube 的最讚貼文
wide名詞 在 平底鍋夫妻Pan Couple •世界食旅 Instagram 的最佳貼文
2020-09-21 14:02:46
(中文/En) 📍🇹🇼Hun混, Taichung 台中, Taiwan 台灣 🍝Italien Restaurant/ 義大利餐廳 ❣️Hun混的狂野是一種週末恣意的放肆❣️ 🇹🇼 這次來到是位於一中商圈台中科技大學門口正對面的HUN混,與JAI宅為同個體系的餐廳,都是最近大爆紅...
wide名詞 在 Kenneth’s Team ✎ Instagram 的最佳解答
2020-05-09 03:33:04
/ February 15, 2020 Wuhan Novel Coronavirus Outbreak Reignites Concerns over Food Safety . Summary: Foodborne illness outbreaks occur rather frequentl...
wide名詞 在 Kenneth’s Team ✎ Instagram 的最佳解答
2020-05-10 00:25:50
/ June 25, 2019 Daughter “Placed” Outside Window as Punishment . Summary: Close your eyes and imagine you are lying prone on the hanging laundry att...
-
wide名詞 在 Eric's English Lounge Youtube 的最佳貼文
2019-06-05 08:00:00同學期待的政治英文影片第一集總算出爐了! 在此先聲明,我跟Howard老師純粹是分析英文,兩位總統都是神人級的第二語言使用者! 此影片的目的不在於比較兩者的英文能力,而是提供學習者英文口語的實際操作和可以注意的小細節。 以下是影片中提到的一些資訊,請看完再發表評論:
馬英九(1950年7月13日-),中華民國政治人物,曾任中華民國第12、13任總統、國民黨主席等職。畢業於國立台灣大學法律學系,其後前往美國深造,獲紐約大學法學碩士學位,哈佛大學司法學博士學位。曾經擔任蔣經國總統的英文翻譯。
影片: https://youtu.be/lRACKQkgFqc?t=32
Former President of Taiwan Ma Ying-jeou, in conversation with Jerome A. Cohen, discusses student exchanges between Germany and France.
●沒有看稿子
●非常有經驗的講者
●發音大致上標準 (Prussia 普魯士, herald, tribune, presidency)
●good use of stress (enhancements)
●流暢度有練過特別停頓來思考
●提連貫性跟內容組織的部分
●會以故事的方式去切入重點
用的評分系統: https://www.ielts.org/-/media/pdfs/sp...
●wide range and skillful use of vocabulary: are aware of, feel uneasy, visionary leaders, engage in a massive student exchange, worked miracles, became cornerstones
●mistakes: skip school, quit school, tense--become cornerstone
●short, concise sentences suited for clear public speaking
●lexically dense sentences
★★★★★★★★★★★★
蔡英文(1956年8月31日-)是中華民國(臺灣)的政治人物、法律學者、律師,為現任中華民國總統,原擔任民主進步黨主席。她先後獲得國立臺灣大學法律學系法學士、康奈爾法學院法學碩士、及倫敦政治經濟學院法學博士,曾任教於國立政治大學法學院和東吳大學法學院。
影片: https://youtu.be/5ygpAnK02uk?t=55
President Tsai Ing-wen in Harvard giving advice to students on policy challenges, choices, and leadership in the next decade
●沒有看稿子
●英式發音* (taught, good), 非常清楚
*其實很多英國人不喜歡英式口音這個標籤,英國人覺得他們自己講的才是真正標準的英文,是美國人才有口音
而且現在的英國(聯合王國)也是四個國家組成的,每個區域的發音都有一些區別。
用的評分系統: https://www.ielts.org/-/media/pdfs/sp...
●用詞豐富: rebellious, challenge your teachers and contemporaries, make yourself suited for changes, sharing values, expediting
●流暢度, 有些停頓, 但是思考內容的停頓絕對是自然的!
●文法沒有任何的錯誤 (a rebellious one, meaning...分詞構句, everything that is taught 形容詞子句, what is true today...名詞子句)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
對我而言,英文是一種工具,不覺得每一個政治人物都需要英文,有專業和可靠的翻譯輔助,就足夠了。
媒體報導: https://wp.me/p44l9b-1G4
在此提供我的「心智圖詞彙攻略」課程: https://bit.ly/2teELDq
也獻上Howard老師會走路的翻譯機,《會走路的翻譯機,神級英文學習攻略本》 http://bit.ly/2DfGrhH
最後要感謝炙瞳夢 RED FILM幾位大導演的友情協助,幫我們拍出一級棒的影片!
★★★★★★★★★★★★
NOTE: Thank you for the comments, everyone, both the positive and negative ones. We'll continue to do our best to produce entertaining yet educational videos.
There is a lot of information that we could not fit in a 10 min video, and some parts could be more clearly presented. For example, pauses are entirely natural when one searches for content. This point was stated in the video but went unnoticed by many commenters. Some have also expressed concerns about the clips selected. We selected them based on the following criteria: be related to education, have "spontaneous" interaction, and be in the public domain. Not many clips on the net meet these criteria, and the two above were the only ones we had access to. Last, some comments (from both sides) have accused us of bias. We tried to be as impartial as possible, and if you require more information on our thoughts, please refer to our notes in the video description. As previously stated, both candidates are advanced second language users, and it is not our aim to compare or criticize them. Again, thank you all for your feedback. We will strive to do better in the future. -
wide名詞 在 逆流音樂 FLOW RECORDS Youtube 的最讚貼文
2018-08-24 10:43:36✔️ Follow MC耀宗:
FB : https://www.facebook.com/dreamwalker.tw
IG : https://www.instagram.com/zionp23
✔️ Follow 林亞兒:
https://www.facebook.com/Katielin0810
創作大碟『RI$ER上昇者』再次來襲!
數位串流平台,已全面上架 (實體上架日期另行公告)
全數位平台:https://www.soundscape.net/a/1756
KKBOX: https://kkbox.fm/Su2sH2
SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/album/6ZqKvnzkxHK9XvxVBTWKwY
ITUNES: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/ri%24er-%E4%B8%8A%E6%98%87%E8%80%85/1400949758
TIDAL: https://tidal.com/browse/album/91457712
friDay音樂:https://omusic.friday.tw/albumpage.php?album_id=1486655
[專輯介紹]
RISER,是一個音樂帶你漸入高潮的音效的專業名詞!
RISER,是一種形容持續上升的人種龐大信念的吶喊!
身在被人群淹沒的孤寂城市,你會選擇做安逸的異鄉人,或是無止盡的逆流而上?
花了2年的時間沉澱跟吸收,然後挑戰1個月內完成五首歌,並搞定整張專輯。化身音樂裁縫師的他不忘在每個細節處刻畫過去現在未來,帶著對人生體悟後仍不忘初心的態度,紮實記錄人生閱歷,幻化成10首黃金歌曲!『RI$ER上昇者』專輯像是一座高塔,途中一首首歌曲帶你窺視塔內細緻雕琢。塔頂最終會留下了RI$ER的印記,讓我們一起眺望這荒誕不經的世界。
詞:MC耀宗 / 曲:MC耀宗 / 編曲:MC耀宗
錄音:逆流音樂 / 混音:MC耀宗
#林亞兒 #MC耀宗 #不踩煞車
歌詞:
[CHORUS]
加速的心跳要你帶我走 從白天玩到黑夜還HIGH不夠
在瘋狂中找出口 像是泡沫 在極限中找入口 拼命的活
OH~ 我我我不踩煞車 OH~ 我我我不踩煞車
Ride Ride Ride Ride Ride with my Homie Homie
Ride Ride Ride Ride Ride with my shawty shawty
Ride Ride Ride Ride Ride with my Homie Homie
Ride Ride Ride Ride Ride with my shawty shawty
[RAP]
這些年東奔西走有點疲憊 人情冷暖越長大越體會
想找麻煩 哥們隨時奉陪 如果看了順眼代表你我臭味
相投 習慣被撒鹽巴在傷口 上 懷念球棒 和防火巷
直來直往 有話直講 曾幾何時 心思卻都全部放在防守上
Fre-fresh like (un), DREAM WALKER (un)
年少輕狂 總有天會回頭 望 什麼掉了 什麼還沒 放
什麼忘了 胸口的什麼 有點燙 放蕩不羈 就是死性不改
槓上母體 史密斯的毒害 不踩剎車 打算飆到沒油
才痛快 沒有極限 we 2 the world wide
[CHORUS]
OH~ 我我我不踩煞車 OH~ 我我我不踩煞車
Ride Ride Ride Ride Ride with my Homie Homie
Ride Ride Ride Ride Ride with my shawty shawty
Ride Ride Ride Ride Ride with my Homie Homie
Ride Ride Ride Ride Ride with my shawty shawty
[RAP]
當方向感都錯位 沒有鈔票會難以 contact
像方向盤都中邪 被誰嘲笑漸亂了方位
OOH 時間快的不能抓 OOH 現實散的像流沙
OOH 美好閃的像火花 AY AY 誰 是 騙人布在說
大話 AY 渴望誰來救急 快醒吧 哪怕喘不過氣 快Hang up
掛掉閒語 Shoot up & blow up 現在開始攻擊 hands up!
International 的手法 換誰說話 這把梭哈 不想守法
不怕被誰醜化 掙扎著衝啊 rolex & chrome heart 不怕 目標 so far
[CHORUS]
加速的心跳要你帶我走 從白天玩到黑夜還HIGH不夠
在瘋狂中找出口 像是泡沫 在極限中找入口 拼命的活
OH~ 我我我不踩煞車 OH~ 我我我不踩煞車
Ride Ride Ride Ride Ride with my Homie Homie
Ride Ride Ride Ride Ride with my shawty shawty
Ride Ride Ride Ride Ride with my Homie Homie
Ride Ride Ride Ride Ride with my shawty shawty -
wide名詞 在 一二三渡辺 Youtube 的最讚貼文
2008-08-31 20:12:58日本初のダチョウ料理専門店、
ライダーズカフェMACHⅢ
大阪府堺市美原区北余部469-6
TEL&FAX072-361ー3171
http://www.h4.dion.ne.jp/~maltuha/index.html
●絶版★改
ハイパフォーマンスマシンと化し、
今なお愛され続ける絶版車両を紹介するこのコーナー。
今週の車両はKAWASAKI 500SS MACH3 "H1"
モンスター2ストロークマシンの代名詞を紹介!!
番組のHPで、
http://www.likeawind.jp/index.html
http://jp.youtube.com/watch?v=xh6SSuO6J_I
First ostrich dish specialty store and Raidarzcafe MACH? in Japan3171-..
Yo 469?6 TEL&FAX072?361.. V Osaka Prefecture Sakai City Mihara Ward
north .... http://www.h4.dion.ne.jp/~maltuha/index.html
- Discontinuation *
It turns into the high performance machine.
This corner where it introduces discontinuation vehicle that keeps
being still loved now.
This week's vehicle introduces the pronoun of two "H1" monster of
KAWASAKI 500SS MACH3 stroke machine.
With HP of the program
http://www.likeawind.jp/index.html
http://jp.youtube.com/watch?v=xh6SSuO6J_I
The sea bass and GSR (GS are) are the model names of the motorcycle that the sea bass manufactures and is selling. The body type is naked. Two models of GSR600 (599cc) GSR400 (displacement 398cc) for a Japanese market and for overseas export exist as a series model.
GSR400
GSR400 is release from May, 2006. The installed four water-cooled series cylinder engine is the one developed based on the one of super-sports "GSX-R600" of this company. The fuel injection that becomes the first adoption in the class in 400cc naked is controlled by ECM (engine control module) in 32 bits. Easiness to treat and powerful over the whole area have been achieved though max power is 53ps that was the self-imposed restraint upper bound of 400cc class.
The mainframe is Tsinspartaip made of aluminum. Riasingarm of the reception desk mono-fork shock type of the Sata type is equipped with the same, wide radial tire with liter class. Moreover, the silencer is a design to consider running strongly as equipment etc. under the seat and a design. It makes on the other hand, there is little storage under the seat, and a low-speed torque is as a result of valuing high speed and there is respect of weaker than this class etc.
GSR400 ABS that installed ABS since September 26, 2007 is put on the market.
wide名詞 在 浩爾譯世界 Facebook 的最佳貼文
【每日國際選讀】
#文末挑戰多益選擇題📝
不敵疫情,太陽劇團申請破產保護
Cirque du Soleil Files for Bankruptcy Protection
開啟「接收通知」和「搶先看」每天吸收雙語時事新知
來讀華爾街日報獨家
🎪Cirque du Soleil Entertainment Group filed for bankruptcy protection in Canada on Monday, in an effort to salvage a circus business that’s ground to a halt because of the coronavirus pandemic.
太陽劇團娛樂集團於週一(6/29)在加拿大申請破產保護,試圖挽救因新冠疫情而停滯不前的馬戲事業。
-salvage: 打撈、搶救,形容從沉船或即將全毀的事物中進行救援
-halt: 停下、中止
🎭The company said it would lay off almost 3,500 employees who have been furloughed since March, leaving it with a core team of 213 people. The company is seeking to restructure its business and re-emerge with government support and less debt.
太陽劇團表示將解僱近3500名從三月起便被迫休假的員工,留下213人的核心團隊,該公司在尋求靠政府支持與減少債務以重建事業及復出。
-lay off: 解僱、遣散
-furlough: 休假、放假
-re-emerge: 重新出現
🤹♀️Montreal-based Cirque du Soleil has been forced to shut 44 shows world-wide this year as the Covid-19 pandemic spread, causing virtually its entire income stream to dry up. It currently has one show back running China, and hopes to have a dinner show resume in Mexico in July.
總部位於蒙特婁的太陽劇團今年因新冠肺炎疫情蔓延而被迫中止全球的44場表演,導致幾乎所有收入來源枯竭。他們目前在中國重開一齣劇目,並希望7月在墨西哥恢復一齣晚宴秀。
-virtually: 幾乎、實際上
-dry up: 乾涸、中斷
-resume: 恢復、重新開始,當名詞的用法可指「履歷」
🎟With shows like The Beatles Love, Michael Jackson One and Blue Man Group on indefinite hold, the company was forced in March to defer interest payments on some of its roughly $1.5 billion of outstanding debt shortly after hiring investment bank Greenhill & Co. Inc. to restructure its balance sheet.
由於《LOVE披頭四音樂秀》、《麥可傑克森ONE》、《藍人樂團》等劇目無限期停演,太陽劇團在三月聘請投資銀行格林希爾公司重組資產負債表不久後,便被迫延後支付其15億美金未償債務的部分利息。
-indefinite: 不確定的、無限期的
-defer: 推遲、延緩
-restructure: 重組、重建,重新架構(structure)
未完待續...
太陽劇團能東山再起嗎?
加入文末每日國際選讀計畫,解鎖完整語音導讀版
——
原文連結請看留言
——
❓❓多益模擬題❓:
Due to COVID-19, the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games had been __ __.
因新冠疫情的影響,東京2020奧林匹克運動會無限期中止。
🙋🏻♀️🙋🏼♀️
A. halting / indefinite
B. cancelled / indefinitely
C. halted / indefinitely
-
【每日商業英文計畫,熱烈招生中!】
華爾街日報訂閱超值方案 📰
專屬 #臉書社團,浩爾 #每日語音導讀
「留言+1」,就送你 #優惠碼 及 #導讀試聽!
wide名詞 在 浩爾譯世界 Facebook 的最讚貼文
今天的解析文章獻給一群努力的台灣國家隊友:外交領事人員
以及他們協調整合的美國眾議員們!
205 位美國國會議員連署支持台灣參加 WHA 以及 WHO 技術會議
點開連署信看到 205 個簽名真的很感動,背後是多少奔走努力
(WHO 是世界衛生組織,WHA 是該組織的大會,世界衛生大會)
美國聯邦眾議院總共 435 位國會議員,國會已實施遠距工作 WFH 兩個月
這樣的艱難下還能有 205 位議員連署,很不容易
一起來看連署信的用字遣詞精選
During this unprecedented global public health crisis, we write to express our strong support for Taiwan’s unconditional inclusion as an Observer in the 73rd World Health Assembly (WHA) and in World Health Organization (WHO) technical meetings.
在這場史無前例的全球公衛危機中,我們堅決支持台灣無條件以觀察員的身份參加第 73 屆世界衛生大會以及世衛組織的技術會議。
-unprecedented: 空前的(近期已經不知道出現幾次了,該學起來囉 XD)
-unconditional: 無條件的
-inclusion: 包含、納入
-assembly: 這個字雖然是ly結尾,但他是個名詞,為集會的意思
Taiwan’s commitment to global public health and its response to the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrate the value of including Taiwan in WHO activities.
台灣對全球公共衛生的貢獻以及對新冠疫情的因應,在在展現其加入 WHO 活動的價值
-commitment to: 對…的貢獻,後接名詞(或動名詞)
-demonstrate the value of: 展現對…的價值,是個很棒的詞組!
Taiwan has an outstanding record of multilateral engagement on a wide range of health challenges.
台灣多方應對各樣公衛挑戰也有出色紀錄
-multilateral: 複合字,多邊、多方的
-lateral: 側邊的,常見的變化還有bilateral 雙邊的,如雙邊會談:bilateral meeting
-engagement: 接觸、參與
*multilateral engagement兩個字就清楚表達了台灣在全球公衛中的參與程度
-a wide range of: 廣泛的
Despite Taiwan’s outstanding response and demonstrated expertise
儘管台灣展現了其專業性與面對疫情的出色反應
-despite: 儘管,介係詞,後接名詞
*句構討論:此處結構較為特別,是「儘管台灣的(針對疫情)出色反應 and 展現出的專業」,所以 outstanding 與 demonstrated 都是分詞功能,做形容詞使用。由despite帶兩項台灣的成績( despite A and B 的結構)
Taiwan’s statistics have been misleadingly included with those of the People’s Republic of China (PRC)
台灣的統計數據卻被誤導式地列在中國的數據之中
-statistics: 統計數據,常用複數型,有統計數據及統計學的含義
-misleading: 誤導的,加上ly變成副詞
-be included with: 被包含於…
PRC has succeeded in pressuring WHO to withhold an invitation to Taiwan to participate as an Observer at the last three WHA annual meetings.
中國成功施壓 WHO,拒絕台灣以觀察員身份參與近三次的 WHA
-succeed in: 成功、達到…
-pressure: 施壓,實質與抽象壓力皆可
-withhold: 扣留、拒絕給予
Given Taiwan’s contributions and the health needs of its people, WHO cannot uphold the spirit of its Constitution to seek the health of all people while excluding Taiwan from participation as an Observer at this year’s WHA.
有鑑於台灣的貢獻以及其人民對健康的需求,WHO 不能一邊將台灣排除在今年WHA 觀察員之列,卻又一邊堅持其為全人類謀求健康之宗旨
*正式文章通常用 cannot 而非 can’t,cannot 就是一個字,不拆開
-given: 介係詞,考慮到、有鑑於…
-uphold: 支持、維護(尤指法律上的決議)
-Constitution: 此字首大寫,表 WHO 本身的規章、宗旨。此字平時多用來指國家的憲法
-seek: 尋求
*句中的 while 作為此句的連接詞,不止連接句子,同時這個連接詞也有表示前後句子的對比關係,這邊意指 WHO 不應該以雙重標準,做著與其宗旨相悖逆的行為
205 位眾議員簽名的連署信! https://reurl.cc/Kk9Dzp
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wide名詞 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳解答
[時事英文] Trees can talk!
今天是地球日,讓我們了解一下我們的星球吧。太神奇了,我從來不知道樹有可以跟彼此溝通的網路,而且竟然是透過真菌!最神奇的是,樹還能透過這個系統幫助彼此,甚至排擠不受歡迎的植物。
在閱讀的同時也享受一下森林的照片,來深呼吸!
Forest Sounds:https://youtu.be/d0tU18Ybcvk?t=280
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《BBC報導》:
It's an information superhighway that speeds up interactions between a large, diverse population of individuals. It allows individuals who may be widely separated to communicate and help each other out. But it also allows them to commit new forms of crime.
1. the information superhighway 資訊高速公路
2. speed up(使)加速;提高(……的)速度
3. diverse 多種多樣的
4. help each other out 互相幫助
5. commit a crime 犯罪
這是一條資訊高速公路,可使龐大且多元的族群互動加速。這讓相距甚遠的個體得以交流並相互協助。但這也使它們犯下新的罪行。
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No, we're not talking about the internet, we're talking about fungi. While mushrooms might be the most familiar part of a fungus, most of their bodies are made up of a mass of thin threads, known as a mycelium. We now know that these threads act as a kind of underground internet, linking the roots of different plants. That tree in your garden is probably hooked up to a bush several metres away, thanks to mycelia.
6. fungus 真菌*
7. mycelium 菌絲體
8. A be made up of B A是由B組成的**
9. act as 充當;起⋯⋯作用
10. be hooked up to 連接
11. thanks to sb/sth 幸虧;由於
不,我們不是在說網際網路,我們說的是真菌。儘管蘑菇可能是真菌中最為人熟知的部分,但它們的主體大部分是由許多被稱為菌絲體的細絲所組成。如今,我們知道這些細絲就像地下網路,聯繫著不同植物的根。得益於菌絲體,你花園中的那棵樹可能已與幾公尺外的灌木叢相連了。
*「fungus」為單數名詞,其複數形在英式英文中作「fungi」,在美式英文中則為「funguses」。詳參《劍橋詞典》:https://bit.ly/3cRxoTt
**在「A be made up of B」中,B通常為複數,表示A是由許多B所組成,如「This group is made up of 40 girls.」。而「A be made of B」則為「A是由B製成的」,意即物理變化,在製作過程中原料的本質不變,可以從成品A中辨認出原料B,例如:「木椅」顯然是由「木頭」製成的——「This chair is made of wood.」。
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The more we learn about these underground networks, the more our ideas about plants have to change. They aren't just sitting there quietly growing. By linking to the fungal network they can help out their neighbours by sharing nutrients and information – or sabotage unwelcome plants by spreading toxic chemicals through the network. This "wood wide web", it turns out, even has its own version of cybercrime.
12. the more…the more… 愈⋯⋯愈⋯⋯
13. nutrient 養分
14. sabotage 蓄意破壞
15. toxic chemical 毒性化學物質
16. it turns out 原來;結果表明
17. cybercrime 網路犯罪
18. wood wide web 森林資訊網*
我們愈瞭解這些地下網路,便愈需改變對植物的想法。它們並不只是靜靜地坐在那裡長大。透過真菌網路的連接,它們可藉由共享營養與資訊來幫助它們的鄰居——或者利用此一網路來散播毒性化學物質以破壞不受歡迎的植物。原來這種「森林資訊網」甚至有它們自己的網路犯罪版本。
*由於網址總以「World Wide Web」(全球資訊網)的縮寫「www」開頭,作者遂以「wood wide web」為諧音,來形容植物間的溝通網路。
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It has taken decades to piece together what the fungal internet can do. Back in 1997, Suzanne Simard of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver found one of the first pieces of evidence. She showed that Douglas fir and paper birch trees can transfer carbon between them via mycelia. Others have since shown that plants can exchange nitrogen and phosphorus as well, by the same route. Simard now believes large trees help out small, younger ones using the fungal internet. Without this help, she thinks many seedlings wouldn't survive.
19. piece together 拼湊
20. Douglas Fir 黃杉(道格拉斯冷杉)
21. Paper Birch 美洲樺(紙皮樺)
22. nitrogen 氮
23. phosphorus 磷
24. by the same route 藉由相同的途徑
25. seedling 幼苗;苗木
拼湊真菌網路的作用已花費數十年。1997年,溫哥華英屬哥倫比亞大學的蘇珊・西馬德發現了首要證據的其中之一。她證明黃杉與紙皮樺可藉由彼此間的菌絲體轉移碳。此後,其他人證明了植物亦可以相同途徑交換氮和磷。西馬德現在認為,大樹可以真菌網路幫助年紀較輕的小樹木。她認為,沒有這種幫助,許多幼苗或將無法生存。
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Another report suggests that tomato plants can 'eavesdrop' on defense responses and increase their disease resistance against potential pathogen. So not only do the mycorrhizae allow plants to share food, they help them defend themselves. It's not just tomatoes that do this. Broad beans also use fungal networks to pick up on impending threats – in this case, hungry aphids. It was found that broad bean seedlings that were not themselves under attack by aphids, but were connected to those that were via fungal mycelia, activated their anti-aphid chemical defenses. Those without mycelia did not.
26. eavesdrop on 竊聽
27. defense response 防禦機制
28. disease resistance 抗病性;抗病力
29. pathogen 病原體
30. mycorrhizae 菌根(複數);mycorrhiza 菌根(單數)
31. broad beans 蠶豆
32. pick up on 注意到(他人未注意到的事物)
33. an impending threat 迫近的威脅
34. aphid 蚜蟲
35. under attack 遭受攻擊
36. chemical defense 化學防禦
另一份報告顯示,番茄植物可以「竊聽」防禦機制,並增強它們對潛在病原體的抗病力。因此,菌根不僅可使植物共享食物,還可幫助它們保護自己。不是只有番茄能做到這點。蠶豆也會利用真菌網路來探知即將來臨的威脅——在此一情況下,是飢餓的蚜蟲。蠶豆幼苗本身並不會受蚜蟲攻擊,但藉由真菌的菌絲體與受到襲擊的蠶豆相連接,則會啟動其抗蚜蟲的化學防禦。那些沒有菌絲體的植物並無此一機制。
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But just like the human internet, the fungal internet has a dark side. Our internet undermines privacy and facilitates serious crime – and frequently, allows computer viruses to spread. In the same way, plants' fungal connections mean they are never truly alone, and that malevolent neighbours can harm them. For one thing, some plants steal from each other using the internet. Some of these plants, such as the phantom orchid, “steal” the carbon they need from nearby trees, via the mycelia of fungi that both are connected to.
37. have a dark side 有黑暗的一面
38. undermine 損害
39. facilitate 促使
40. in the same way 同樣地
41. never truly alone 從未真正獨自一人
42. malevolent 有惡意的;歹毒的
43. for one thing 首先;一方面
44. steal from 偷竊
45. the phantom orchid 雪蘭(幻影蘭花)
但就像人類的網路,真菌的網路也有黑暗的一面。我們的網際網路破壞了隱私並助長了嚴重的犯罪——使電腦病毒經常得以傳播。同樣地,植物間的真菌連結意味著它們並非形單影隻,因此歹毒的鄰居便可傷害它們。一方面,一些植物透過網路相互偷竊。其中如雪蘭,藉由連接彼此的真菌菌絲體從鄰近樹木「竊取」自身所需的碳。
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Overall, these fungal networks make communication between plants, including those of different species, faster, and more effective. We don't think about it because we can usually only see what is above ground. But most of the plants you can see are connected below ground, not directly through their roots but via their mycelial connections.
46. overall 總體而言
47. fungal networks 真菌網
總體而言,這些真菌的網路使植物(包括那些不同種類的植物)之間的通訊更快、更有效率。我們沒想過,因為通常我們只能看見地面上的東西。但多數你可見的植物並非逕由根部而是透過菌絲體的聯繫在地底下相互連接。
《BBC報導》: https://bbc.in/2zCsLOR
圖片出處:之前在溪頭和阿里山拍的 🙂
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我們的星球是不是超棒的!下次可以試著跟樹木說話。
Video:https://youtu.be/yWOqeyPIVRo
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CLIL(Content and Language Integrated Learning)是將學科內容和外語學習相結合,用外語教授科學、地理、歷史、藝術等內容,從而促進語言和學科知識的雙重學習:http://bit.ly/2K5l3PM
CLIL英文詞彙——Math:https://bit.ly/2YdERbc
Earth Day 2019:https://bit.ly/2ShSjY4