繼上回天野月子與零紅蝶，提到遊戲音樂，就不得不提起許多人心目中的遊戲製作之神——小島秀夫，及其製作且於2019年由索尼互動娛樂推出的遊戲《死亡擱淺》。

這一款十足科幻又處處充滿小島哲學的遊戲，主角由曾飾演影集《陰屍路》中Daryl Dixon 一角的Mark Norman Reedus 擔任配音與動態捕捉。在玩法上要簡單解釋，死亡擱淺就是一個送貨的遊戲。劇情大致上講述已經過高度科技發展後荒蕪頹靡的美國，必須透過物流貨運來維持各方倖存的資源平衡。（所以說物流業真的很辛苦，謝謝你們的外送，辛苦了！）

有趣的是，要說它是一款線上遊戲，實際上卻又只能全程單人遊玩。遊戲裡有一個很有趣的共構機制，可以想像成在同一個伺服器裡面，你可以與其他看不見的玩家，一起修建公路，甚至留下各種路牌表情符號。此一機制對我而言無疑是非常神級的設定。「看似孤獨的單人遊戲，卻又能清楚感覺他人存在。」這樣的概念，翻譯成現下網路世代平行世界般的生態，也完全能通情達意。

根據新聞資料顯示，小島秀夫在冰島逛街時偶然聽見Low Roar的音樂，不假思索就買下整張專輯，返回日本都仍在重複聆聽，後來便有了死亡擱淺的合作。整個遊戲過程中，類冰島的地景搭配移居冰島的美籍音樂人Low Roar的歌曲，在各種移動的過程中毫無防備地滲入，那些瞬間真的會非常感嘆，雖然只是遊戲場景，當正確的音樂出現在正確的時機，一加一是可以超過一百的。

（遊戲中也可以在休息據點透過音樂播放器，播放近期各方異性戀男子的共同敵人星野源於2018年底發行的歌曲〈POP VIRUS〉)

由於整部遊戲幾乎都有Low Roar的歌曲，只好整張專輯都推薦。但我特別找了這首來分享。

疫情期間，希望大家都不要Give up.

-

Give Up

I won't wake
A wealthy man someday
'Cause the sun don't follow me

I won't wake
Without a song to sing
Nothing to some
Everything to me

In my worst
I'll do my best
To make it seem
Like I am happy

'Cause I've grown numb
Dry as my tear ducts
Have grown dumb
And empty

But don't give up on me
Give up on me
Give up on me

[教育時評] Developing Empathy

為什麼同理於此時比以往任何時刻都重要？

同理(empathy)可以定義為從他人觀點理解感受他人所感的能力。這與同情(sympathy)不同，同情是對處於困境之人感到難過的感覺。在某些情況下，兩個術語有共同之處是因為同理是一種共鳴的關切，其中包括希望人們更好的渴望。

心理學家已辨識出不同種類的同理，主要為情感和認知兩種類型。情感同理心 (affective empathy)是指能分享他人感受的能力。它使我們能夠「鏡像」他人的感受並覺察他們的焦慮或恐懼。

認知同理心(cognitive empathy)，也稱為換位思考，是識別和理解他人感受的能力。有效的溝通需要情感同理心和認知同理心兩者，因為它們可以幫助我們建立情感連結並向受眾傳達信息。同理對於協作和領導力也很重要，因為一個人需要理解和預期他人的情感和行為，才能與之工作並帶領他們走向成功。

人們可以看到同理呈現在所有職業中。老師需要靠同理來理解和滿足學生的多樣化需求。研究表明，富有同理心的醫療人員的患者享有更好的健康狀況。警察需要同理來拉近與之打交道的人的距離，來減少以武力處理的狀況。想想當警察缺乏對示威者的同理時會發生什麼。

現在比以往任何時候都更需要同理心。身份政治，政府競爭，甚至是最近的健康危機，都在逐漸蠶食我們的同理心和同情心，導致更大的緊繃，分裂和衝突。社交媒體上有多少發文在強調相互幫助的需要，又有多少在傳播恐懼和仇恨？

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並非所有希望都已失去。我們仍可以懷有和培養同理心。我們可以試著練習：

1.積極傾聽 (Active listening)：傾聽並關注他人意見。不要只是簡單地摒除與自身不同的觀點。

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2.破除認同屏障(Shared identity)：了解與自己不同的人。與其只關注兩者間的差異，不如考慮自己與他們分享的共同點。想像自己如何能設身處地的換位思考。

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3.制止不平等和冷漠 (Combating inequality and indifference)：許多獲得較高社會經濟地位（socioeconomic status、SES）的人有時同理稍弱，因為他們較少有連結、依靠或與他人合作的需求。這並不意味所有富裕之人都對他人的需求漠不關心，但他們可能更需要去關注維持對他人的同理。

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4.閱讀與改變觀點 (Reading and changing perspectives)：研究表明，閱讀文學小說（例如《殺死一隻知更鳥》，《老鼠與男人》）著重於人物心理及其與世界的互動。這些書激發讀者理解角色的意圖和動機，且這種的意識可以被帶入現實世界。但是，我認為，所有書籍，即使是非小說類書籍（例如《安妮·弗蘭克日記》）也能做到這一點，讀者不應受到書本類型的限制。重點在以閱讀了解他人的思維方式，從他人的角度思考和「體驗」生活，並將所學應用在自己的生活中。

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因此，為協助學生發展同理這一重要能力，我決定在我們的粉專上發起一個全新的系列：翻轉視界 (Changing Perspectives)。除了定期發布的《時事英文》、《教育時評》和《學習資源》，我們還將分享來自世界各地的人們的故事，文章中會提供關鍵詞、翻譯並向你提出批判性問題以期能幫助各位從不同的角度解讀世界！但是，單單思考並不夠！希望你可以不僅通過閱讀來發展同理，也通過理解和與他人合作將同理應用到生活中來取得成功。

References

Bal, P. M., & Veltkamp, M. (2013). How does fiction reading influence empathy? An experimental investigation on the role of emotional transportation. PloS one, 8(1).

Kaplan, S. (2016, July 22). Does reading fiction make you a better person? The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/07/22/does-reading-fiction-make-you-a-better-person/

Keen, S. (2007). Empathy and the Novel. Oxford University Press on Demand.

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Why is empathy more important now than ever?

Empathy can be defined as the capacity to understand feel what others experience from their perspectives. It differs from sympathy, the feeling of feeling sorry for someone in a difficult situation. In some instances, the terms overlap as sympathy is an empathetic concern, which includes the desire to see people better off.

Psychologists have identified different types of empathy, two main types being affective and cognitive. Affective empathy refers to the ability to share the feelings of others. It enables us to “mirror” what others feel and detect their anxiety or fears. Cognitive empathy, also known as perspective-taking, is the ability to identify and understand how others feel. Both are needed in effective communication because they help us build emotional connections and relay information to our audiences. Empathy is also essential for collaboration and leadership as one needs to understand and anticipate the emotions and behaviors of others to work with them and lead them to success.

One can see empathy present in all professions. Teachers need it to understand and meet the diverse needs of students. Research shows medical workers high in empathy have patients who enjoy better health. The police need it to feel less distant from people they are dealing with and defuse situations with less physical force. Think about what happens when the police lack empathy with protestors.

Empathy is needed more than ever now. Identity politics, government rivalry, and even the latest health crisis are gradually stripping us of our empathy and compassion, leading to greater tension, division, and conflict. How many posts on social media highlight the need to help one another, and how many spread fear and hate?

Not all hope is lost. We can still nurture and cultivate empathy. We can practice:

1. Active listening: Listen and be mindful of the opinions of others. Don’t merely dismiss every viewpoint different than your own.

2. Shared identity: Learn about people who are different from you. Rather than focus only on the differences, think about what you have in common. Imagine what you would do in their situation.

3. Combating inequality and indifference: Many who have attained higher socioeconomic status (SES) sometimes have diminished empathy because they have less of a need to connect with, rely on, or collaborate with others. This does not mean that all wealthy individuals are indifferent to the needs of others, but they might need to be more mindful about maintaining empathy towards everyone.

4. Reading and changing perspectives: Research shows that reading literary fiction (e.g., To Kill a Mockingbird, Of Mice and Men) focuses on the psychology of characters and their interaction with the world. These books motivate readers to understand character intentions and motivations, and such awareness can be carried into the real world. However, I personally believe that all books, even non-fiction (e.g., the Diary of Anne Frank), can do the same, and readers should not be restricted by the genre. The point is to read to understand the mindset of others, to think and “experience” life from their perspectives, and to apply these lessons to your own life.

Thus, to help students develop empathy, I have decided to launch a new series on our page: Changing Perspectives (翻轉視界). In addition to our regular posting of News English, Opinions in Education, and Learning Resources, we will share stories of people from around the world, provide key words, translations, and ask you critical questions to help you view the world from other perspectives! However, thinking is not enough! Develop empathy through reading but also apply it to your lives by understanding and working with others to achieve success.

References

Bal, P. M., & Veltkamp, M. (2013). How does fiction reading influence empathy? An experimental investigation on the role of emotional transportation. PloS one, 8(1).

Kaplan, S. (2016, July 22). Does reading fiction make you a better person? The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/07/22/does-reading-fiction-make-you-a-better-person/

Keen, S. (2007). Empathy and the Novel. Oxford University Press on Demand.

★★★★★★★★★★★★

圖片出處：https://bit.ly/2JUYzA9

★★★★★★★★★★★★

tl;dr: View the world from different perspectives. Have empathy and be nice.

教育時評: http://bit.ly/39ABON9

【人生相談室：偷偷告訴你
浩爾的3大快樂秘訣！】

「浩爾，你為什麼看起來
總是那麼快樂？」

身邊的朋友們最常問我這一句話
而我總是回答：

「我一直以來都很快樂
真的，沒有特別隱藏陰暗面」

想知道我的快樂秘訣嗎？
偷偷告訴你，要仔細聽好囉～

-

繼上次和大家分享
來自耶魯大學的幸福快樂課
（https://bit.ly/37Vm4nG）

這次想告訴各位
其實我的快樂秘訣
就藏在Laurie Santos教授的
另外三個快樂洞見中

1. Helping others makes us
happier than we expect

#翻譯本業就是幫助他人

從事翻譯業約十年
甚至共同創辦了語言公司
翻譯對我來說不只是一項專業
能幫助人與人溝通的本質
更是我自身的快樂來源

但不論在翻譯、還是其他領域
人生本就不會一帆風順

當難關來臨
你可以怨天尤人
甚至就此放棄
但你也可以選擇轉念
相信自己正在變強

What doesn’t kill you
makes you stronger.

我選擇前者那樣思考，那你呢？

2. Healthy practices matter
more than we expect

#從椎間盤突出到征服雪山

曾經因為太專注想學好翻譯
把健康和運動排在很低的順位
導致自己身材開始浮腫
最嚴重還曾經椎間盤突出

在這些經歷中
得到了多麼痛的領悟
所以就決定慢慢養成運動習慣

我開始跑步
（running）
也嘗試極靜的瑜珈
（doing yoga）
更認真征服了雪山！
（hiking）
（特別最後一段圈谷是 tough climb）

運動讓我變得更健康
也為我帶來更多預期外的快樂

3. Become wealthy in time
not in money

#工作狂的行事曆要加上生活

前陣子聽到「time-poor」一詞
形容一個人不斷追求金錢
卻沒時間享受生活
最後變成人在天堂、錢在銀行

我是一個超級工作狂
把每天都運用得淋漓盡致
我明白必須為自己預留生活
但時常在心中的預想都是
「等我有時間，再⋯⋯好了。」

後來我決定開始採用
#小碎步快走法
（Change small
and change often）
直接把休閒行程排入行事曆
逼迫自己調整日常，先排再說！

讓自己在工作忙碌的同時
也用相同標準和態度正視生活
這是我的第三個快樂秘訣

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與其讓自己一直要很快樂
不如說 #快樂是一種生活方式！

你也有快樂的秘訣嗎？
快跟我分享吧！

#我真的都蠻快樂的
#椎間盤突出有被嚇到
#還想相談什麼也告訴我吧
#更多秘密在你所不知道的浩爾👇🏻

https://www.facebook.com/groups/2463692393900156/?ref=share