#木的DJtime #高敏感有哪些特徵 #木的談高敏感

會不會有許多時候，外界的訊息總是特別容易影響你的心情，常常有著「他的眼神是不是在說我做得不好？」、「他流眼淚了我也覺得好難過」等心中的聲音，而別人的情緒反應也常常影響了你的心情，然而這些種種明明與你無關...

Elaine N. Aron博士在他的研究中指出高敏感族群（Highly Sensitive Person , HSP）包含以下面向
📍D: Depth of processing: 深入地處理資訊
📍O: Easily Overstimulated:容易被刺激
📍E: Greater Emotional reactivity (both positive and negative) and Empathy:情緒容易被激發、富有同理心
📍S:More aware of Subtle stimuli 注意許多細微的刺激

💡木的參考了資料後將高敏感融入不同情境，提供更多的介紹方便讀者閱讀，如下～

📍人際互動：對於他人的情緒反應特別敏感
在我們進入一個空間時，高敏者能夠開啟所有的感官，看見空間內大部分人的臉部表情，嗅到團體內的氛圍。富有同理心的高敏者容易將他人的情緒視作為自己的心情，即使腦袋清楚明明不是自己的事，也因為這樣，常常會有情緒調節的困擾產生。

📍工作情境：接收到大量的工作訊息時會手足無措，無法忽略細節
雖然說大量的工作訊息任何人都會感到疲憊煩躁，高敏者在接收後的情緒歷程傾向花更長的時間來消化，更進一步地可能難以從龐雜的事物中規劃出工作秩序，最後被時間壓力追著跑。

除此之外，高敏感者多半是非常謹慎的，終極目標是為了「不要出錯」、「成為最好」。

📍自我獨處：需要非常大量的獨處時間來消化感官刺激
可能是搭捷運，可能是逛百貨公司，可能是走在夜市裡，更可能是繞進市場裡買菜，這些情境中包含了大量的資訊，從價格到人聲，再到購買的判斷。大量的刺激對高敏者而言會花費非常多的能量，也因此，需要一段長長的獨處時間，或許不做些什麼，而是靜靜地與自己相處。

📍認知思考：在思考事情時非常深入
高敏者的感官處理系統（sensory-processing）（註：人體中處理認知情緒功能的神經系統）傾向深入且仔細的思考事情的每個環節，沒有漏掉任何一個面向的重複釐清，也因此，研究指出在思考時容易悲觀地看待事情發展。

📍親密關係：面對親密關係中的衝突情境
衝突對高敏感者而言是非常消耗精神的，也因此，在面對關係中的衝突時，常傾向以逃避的方式面對，更多時候可能轉而以討好對方的方式來互動，目的就是為了「避免衝突」，因為衝突實在太累了。

☀️如果你發現自己身上有上面一些影子，這僅僅是提供你對自己有更多認識的指標，不是要去斷定好壞對錯唷！

「這些都是自然而然，沒有對錯。」
每個人身來有不同的樣貌，有些人感官系統較敏感，有些人較能調整感官，找到屬於自己舒服自在的自處方式最重要！

「細節讓你與眾不同」
因著高敏感的感官功能，你能看見更多的細節，也因此，在團隊中有你的存在正是再好不過！

‼️‼️‼️
無論東西方文化，似乎常鼓吹「大方、自信、外向」，在新環境中越能表現自己似乎能夠快速建立關係，得到好人緣，連帶增加了人脈。也因此，高敏者在這樣的文化結構下或許備感壓力，常被貼上「害羞、內向」等標籤，然而高敏感其實並非害羞唷！

從上面的敘述可以歸納出，高敏感是個人感官功能的差異，因著這些差異對情緒、認知、行為而有不同的影響，需要更多時間來慢慢地消化與表達，也就是說，當有足夠的時間，我們便能慢慢聽見那些想被說出來的話語、被表達的情緒。

如果你對高敏感族群的測量有興趣，在這裡分享壹些資源提供大家認識自己～
🌹高敏感族自我檢測量表 https://reurl.cc/Oq36g9
由丹麥心理治療師Ilse Sand編制而成，經中文翻譯而來的量表
若對高敏感族群想進一步了解，三采文化 @readsuncolor 出版的書籍#高敏感是種天賦 內有詳細說明

‼️另一份量表
🌹Elaine N. Aron的研究中也編制了高敏感族的測量，網頁上提供的是英文版，提供有需要的讀者參考！
連結傳送門：https://reurl.cc/m95pQG

參考文獻：
Aron, E. N. (1996). The Highly Sensitive Person. How to Thrive When the World Overwhelms You. Secaucus.

Tag那個你覺得需要看看這篇文章的好友吧！

#木的DJtime #highlysensitiveperson #高敏感#敏感#內向#外向#害羞#文化#人際關係#工作#獨處#自我照顧#標籤#細節#情緒#療癒#自我探索#自我了解#郭玟秀諮商心理師#黃旻諮商心理師

一封給國家地理頻道「Dog: Impossible」節目負責人的公開信:

An open letter to the leadership team of Nat Geo Wild Dog Impossible:

Translate: Yu-Hwa Su 翻譯: 蘇昱華
Proof: Yen Ke 校對: 葛雁

The International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants (IAABC) applauds National Geographic’s mission to offer intelligent, relevant and captivating non-fiction entertainment. This is a crucial objective, especially as an introduction to children and viewers largely relying on television for their scientific information.
國際動物行為諮詢師協會（IAABC）對於國家地理頻道致力於提供電視觀眾正確知識與科學內容表示讚賞。這是一個非常重要的目標，特別是對依賴電視得到這些知識的兒童與其他觀眾們來說。

However, your stated mission is in direct conflict with your show Dog: Impossible. In fact, the irresponsible treatment of the dogs and people on this show flies in the face of all best practices in animal training and behavior. Rather than promoting science and scientifically-proven methodology, Dog: Impossible sacrifices learning science for more dramatic television.
然而，貴頻道所提供的節目「Dog: Impossible」卻與貴頻道「提供正確的科學知識」的一貫立場衝突。節目中對犬隻以及飼主的不負責處理方式與應有的動物訓練及行為操作的準則相違背。「Dog: Impossible」並沒有提倡科學以及經科學驗證的方法，這節目犧牲了對科學的學習，轉而追求吸睛的電視節目效果。

Matt Beisner appears to have no credentials or education in training and behavior, yet he refers to himself as a behaviorist. His claim that “energy is the one language that every animal on the planet speaks” makes clear he is not one.
Matt Beisner並沒有動物訓練或行為學的相關學習經歷與證照，卻宣稱自己是一位行為學家。從他的主張：「能量是地球上所有動物都會使用的共通語言」，便能明白他並不是行為學家。

His statement, “You don’t need tricks, you don’t need treats, you don’t need force,” shows just how unaware of his own actions he is. His misuse of scientific terminology leads viewers to believe they are learning demonstrated, safe and accepted strategies in helping their dogs. In fact, Mr. Beisner is forcing these dogs from start to finish of each episode. His own “tricks” are that of over-stressing dogs until they’re in a state referred to in psychology and science as “learned helplessness.”
他主張「你不需要技巧、零食、或蠻力 (去訓練狗)」，這顯示出他對於自己的所做所為一無所知。他對科學術語的濫用也會誤導觀眾，讓觀眾以為他們正在學習經證實有效而且安全可接受的方法來幫助狗狗。但這位訓練師在每一集節目上從頭到尾都是在逼迫這些狗，而他所擁有的「技巧」，就是讓狗進入過度緊迫的狀態，直到牠們進入心理學和科學上所指的「習得無助」（learned helplessness）狀態。

Learned helplessness occurs when a subject endures repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control. Originally thought to show a subject's acceptance of their powerlessness, for more than half a century it’s been known instead to be the emotional “shutting down” of the subject. Anxiety, clinical depression, and related mental illnesses are common consequences of this technique in humans.
「習得無助」發生在動物沒有任何控制權，且重複地被施加嫌惡刺激的時候。最初，人們認為習得無助狀態意味著動物「接受」了自身無法改變、無能為力的情形，超過半個世紀以來，人們認為這是動物情緒「關機（shutting down）」的表現。在人類身上，習得無助的常見結果包含焦慮、憂鬱症、以及相關的心理疾病。

Allow us to note some aspects of the trailer and his shows, but first, to point out a few well-documented and commonly understood aspects of dog behavior so that we may better make our points understood.
在我們解釋為何我們認為此節目的預告片與內容不適當之前，我們希望先闡述一些正確的犬隻行為常識，以便您能更理解我們的觀點。

Canine body language indicating stress and severe stress:
顯示出壓力以及嚴重緊迫的犬隻肢體語言：

Compressed bodies
Dry, raspy panting
Wide, open eyes with dilated pupils
Heavy drooling
“Whipping” head and body back, pushing off a handler in order to get away
Growling
Fighting
Biting
縮緊身體
急促的喘氣
睜大雙眼、散瞳
大量流口水
甩頭、用前爪推抱著狗的人以退後、試圖掙脫
低吼
打架
開咬

Eleven seconds into the trailer, Mr. Beisner rubs his hands together, smiling, and says, “This is going to be gnarly.” All professionals know from that statement what the series will spotlight: A poorly (if at all) educated non-professional pushing dogs way beyond therapeutic limits, in the name of “results.”
在預告片11秒的地方，Beisner先生搓手並笑著說「等一下會很精采喔」。所有專業人士都知道這句話代表這個節目的亮點將會是：一名缺乏適當教育的訓練師，逼迫狗到超過其能承受的極限，並把這樣的結果稱為是良好的改善。

Flooding, the term for inundating a subject with their fears, phobias and triggers, is ethically questionable at best, cruel and unnecessary, always. There's also a common danger of spontaneous recovery of the phobia. This is because flooding doesn't replace the fear-response with a different response, it just replaces it with no response. “No response” is simply suppression, not cure.
「洪水法」，指的是故意將動物置於恐慌或恐懼的觸發刺激情境，這樣的方法不道德、殘忍、而且沒必要。另外，恐懼的自發性回復（spontaneous recovery）也是洪水法常見的風險，這是因為洪水法並沒有將害怕的反應重新制約成其他不同的情緒行為，它只是讓動物沒有反應。「沒有反應」只是壓抑，動物並沒有因此感到不害怕或恐慌。

Throughout the trailer dogs are flooded with aversive stimuli such as other dogs, people and equipment, something an ethical professional would not, and could not do per any answerable guidelines of animal training and behavior care.
在整個預告片中，狗狗被迫接受各種嫌惡刺激的洪水法訓練，例如其他狗、其他人類和物品，這是具有道德的專業訓練人員不會做的，任何負責任的動物訓練及行為照護準則也不會如此建議。

Systematic desensitization and counterconditioning, gradual exposure to the feared object, and replacement of a negative emotional association with a more pleasant one, are the recommended techniques used to treat such fear and aggression cases, per all legitimate veterinary, training and behavior organizations.
系統性減敏與反制約，也就是逐步與少量的讓狗接觸其本來會害怕的事物，並且將引發的少量負面情緒與其非常喜愛的事物配對給予，是用來處理恐懼及攻擊案例的建議方法，也是每個好的獸醫師、訓練及行為機構會推薦的方法。

Beisner’s statement that “We know at the Zen Yard that dogs help other dogs come out of their shell and face their fear and get past their aggression” isn’t just scientifically unsupportable, his words ring hollow during the very scene playing while he says those words: Beisner restraining one dog, while his co-host pulls a leashed dog to the first in a completely unnatural gesture perhaps intended to either mimic natural dog greeting (it doesn’t) or to flood the heavily drooling dog who is unable to move or get away. The dogs end up in a fight. They have been set up to fail, and the outcome is inevitable.
Beisner宣稱「我們在Zen Yard（他的訓練中心）知道狗會去幫助其他狗融入外界、面對牠們的恐懼並且克服攻擊行為」，這句話不只是缺乏科學支持，在影片中他講出這句話時搭配的畫面，亦表現出他的說詞缺乏支持：Beisner限制了第一隻狗的行動，由節目的共同主持人以牽繩將另一隻狗以一個完全不自然的姿勢拉到第一隻狗身邊，他們可能是在試著模仿狗狗自然的社交打招呼行為（但並不是），或使用洪水法訓練那隻狂流口水（顯示牠很緊張）並且無法逃脫的狗。最終兩隻狗打起來，訓練師製造的這個情境，讓失敗的結果無可避免。

In the trailer, the assistant host, Stefanie DiOrio, states, “Nervousness can easily turn to fear which can lead to aggression.” This is an accurate statement, which is why it’s so confusing that the entire show would be predicated on pushing dogs to the very edge of survivable stress and into predictable aggression, doubling down on the issues that their owners are struggling with.
在預告片中，節目的共同主持人Stefanie DiOrio說「緊張不安很容易變成真正的恐懼，並且導致攻擊行為」，這句話是正確的，但也讓人更加困惑為何整個節目的走向都在將狗推向牠們所能承受壓力的極限、觸發根本可預測的攻擊行為、並使飼主所面對的問題加倍惡化。

We know that the dramatic changes in behavior, from stressed and wildly aggressive to “calm” dogs, make for compelling TV. To an average pet owner it looks like these dogs are making huge improvements. All clients just want their dog to “Stop being aggressive.” However, we also know that behavior suppression is not the same as behavior modification, that a stressed and shut-down dog is a more dangerous animal than one who is actively showing aggression, and that the long-term prognosis of this kind of intervention is poor for both the client and their dog.
我們知道行為上戲劇性的變化，從一隻緊迫且兇猛攻擊的狗轉變成“冷靜”的狗，這個過程代表了高收視率，在不十分了解行為學的飼主眼中看來，這些狗狗似乎有巨大的進步。飼主都只是希望他們的狗「不要再有攻擊性」，然而我們也知道單純抑制攻擊行為的出現，並不是真正的行為改善技術。舉例來說一隻高壓力但看似沒有反應的狗，遠比一隻會表現出攻擊性的狗要危險許多 (譯註: 因為這樣的狗可能會沒有徵兆地開咬)，因此這種抑制攻擊行為的訓練法，以長遠來看對飼主以及狗狗都是有害的。

It is also worth pointing out that, like his predecessor, Mr Beisner’s assessment of cause for much of the issues he’s asked to address is simple, made especially clear in episode 4 where he not only saves a dog, he “saves a marriage:” Women are unable to effectively lead, must be stronger, must change their ways.
另一個值得注意的事是Beisner先生，如同他在同一個頻道的前輩，西薩，對導致問題的原因評估也過於簡化，例如第四集中他聲稱他不只拯救了狗狗，他還「拯救了這段婚姻」，因為女主人無法有效的領導狗狗，因此她必須更堅強，必須改變他們之間的相處模式。

Misogyny, it seems, cures dog behavior problems. Real exploration and explanation regarding the antecedents and consequences around behaviors are ignored in favor of client blaming.
這段貶抑女性的解釋，看起來似乎能改善犬隻的行為問題，然而關於行為問題真正的前因後果卻被指責客戶所取代，並沒有真正的被探討與解釋。

The clients on the show represent thousands of clients throughout the US and beyond with whom we work every day, helping them to help their dogs. Far from being dogs “other people won’t work with,” the dogs on your show are exactly the clients and dogs that IAABC Certified Dog Behavior Consultants, as well as all members of the American College of Veterinary Behaviorists, Certified Applied Animal Behaviorists, and other certified behavior specialists see and successfully work with every day.
節目中所出現的客戶正代表了我們日常工作中所會幫助的人們與他們的狗，呈現的就是我們在美國跟其他國家的上千位客戶。節目中所出現的這些有著行為問題的狗絕對不是「其他訓練師都不想要處理的狗狗」，事實上這些客戶與狗正是IAABC認證的狗行為諮詢師、美國獸醫行為學家、認證的應用動物行為學家或是其他受認證的行為學專家，每天工作的日常。

We do so using the best practices of our field (see https://m.iaabc.org/about/ethics/), adopted by the leading behavior and training organizations, without psychologically or physically harming the animals we work with.
我們在這個領域也使用最嚴謹的訓練師專業道德守則（英文版參見https://m.iaabc.org/about/ethics/，中文版參見https://reurl.cc/72eVkl），這個守則受領先的行為及訓練機構所採用，使訓練師與行為諮詢師在工作時，不對我們經手的動物造成生理或心理上的傷害。

The IAABC urges Nat Geo WILD to stop promoting this public miseducation. The tactics employed in the name of entertainment are unnecessarily harsh and potentially dangerous to the public, and they teach yet another generation of Nat Geo watchers absolutely incorrect and harmful practices.
IAABC呼籲國家地理頻道（Nat Geo WILD）停止傳播此系列誤導公眾的資訊。以娛樂包裝節目的策略對於觀眾是不必要的粗糙而且有潛在風險的，甚至是向頻道的年輕一代觀眾灌輸完全不正確且有害的做法。

It remains a mystery why your network is so intent on harming dogs. After years of Cesar Milan, to now bring in a man equally unskilled, who equates terrified, angry or entrapped dogs to his own addiction history is remarkable. Are we really satisfied conflating ego with compassion, self-focus with an understanding of animal behavior? Is this the “science” your mission stands for?
我們仍然不知為何貴頻道這麼多年來如此堅持持續傷害狗的這些作為。在西薩 (Cesar Milan) 的節目播映多年之後，現在又引進一個同樣缺乏正確訓練技巧，以自身藥物成癮困擾歷史去錯誤的同理恐懼或憤怒的狗的人。我們能接受一個膨脹自我，而非真正擁有同情心、適當自我聚焦、了解動物行為的「專業人士」嗎？這就是貴節目所宣稱的「科學」立場嗎？

The damage Nat Geo is doing to dogs by choosing this type of programming is astounding. We can only assume that the producers are unaware of this, as it’s hard to imagine such harm and cruelty would be deliberate.
國家地理頻道選擇製作這類節目對於狗狗的傷害甚鉅，我們只能假定節目製作人並沒有意識到這點，因為我們難以想像會有人故意去做這樣有害且殘忍的事情。

Would you show a reality program on heart surgery with a photogenic “self-taught” practitioner, simply stating the star was not a doctor before showing him mutilating a real patient?
想問貴節目是否會採用一個上鏡的“自學”外科醫生錄製心臟手術的實境節目，告知觀眾他並非真正的醫生，然後播放他對病患動刀的畫面？

I leave you with the clearest image of suffering and abuse from your trailer: the Aussie, stressed to the breaking point, thick ropes of drool streaming from its mouth, being choked by a slip lead to compensate for the host’s inability to even effectively muzzle a dog. This dog is at the point of collapse. This dog is being tortured, and that is not hysteria. That is an assessment by any educated measure.
作為結尾，我希望指出貴節目預告片中明確顯示出狗狗受苦或受虐的畫面：那隻澳洲牧羊犬已經瀕臨壓力的極限，您可以看到口水掛在其嘴邊 (大量口水為壓力徵兆)，口罩因為沒有確實的配戴而滑脫，導致牠被勒到快要窒息，已在崩潰邊緣。具備專業與適當教育的人員指出，這隻狗因在節目上被虐待而情緒崩潰，並非其本身歇斯底里。

Please stop this cruel and dangerous programming. To do otherwise is to support that self-taught heart surgery and all the consequences it would bring; that this show is currently bringing to families struggling with their dogs.
Professionals refer to Cesar Milan’s influence on dog training as “job security” because so many dogs ruined or made far worse by his teachings are brought to us by well-intentioned, often weeping owners desperate for real help. Often it is too late.
請停止這系列殘酷且危險的節目。否則貴節目就等同於支持前面舉例的自學的心臟外科「醫師」進行手術一樣，這些危險的後果正由觀眾與他們的狗承擔。專業訓犬人士將西薩米蘭對訓犬的影響戲稱為「工作保障」，因為太多飼主使用了他教授的技巧後，狗狗的狀況變得更糟，而哭著迫切尋找真正的協助，此時通常都為時已晚。

We do not want more work due to this same phenomenon.
我們不想要因為這個節目帶來類似影響而接到更多工作。

We’d be happy to provide you with any education and resources you need to inform your producers about what would qualify as responsible, effective, safe and thoughtful work with the same “red zone” dogs you sell so well.
但我們很樂意提供貴頻道任何需要的教育與資源，讓您們的節目製作人對訓犬工作應有的品質有所理解，例如負責、有效、安全，並且理解到對於在節目中出現的這些「危險」犬隻，事實上有更合理的訓練方法。

Thank you for your consideration.
謝謝您的閱讀與理解。

Marjie Alonso
Executive Director, IAABC
For the Board of Directors

Marjie Alonso
IAABC執行長
代表董事會發言

#英文學習必知

英文的複數常見的包含+s, +es, 去y+ies, 去f(e)+ves等變法，但是有些單字的單複數卻完全長不一樣(不規則變化)，要特別記起來唷!

單數→複數 (中文)
不規則變化 +en
ox→oxen (公閹)牛
child→children 孩子
（單）※ There was *an ox* in my house. 我家以前有一隻牛。
（複）※ There are many *oxen* on the farm. 那個農場有很多牛。

不規則變化 sis→ses
crisis→crises 危機
analysis→analyses 分析
thesis→theses 論文
（單）※ I did't need to write *a thesis* while attending a master's program in the UK. 我在英國讀碩士班的時候不用寫論文。
（複）※ All the graduate students in Taiwan are required to write *theses* before being conferred Master's Degrees in pursuance to the Degree Conferral Law. 根據學位授予法，所有台灣的研究生在獲頒碩士學位前須完成論文書寫。

不規則變化 us→i
alumnus→alumni (男)校友
stimulus→stimuli 刺激
octopus→octopi / octopuses 章魚
syllabus→syllabi / syllabuses 課綱
（單）※ Where can I find the *syllabus* of this course? 我在那裡可以找到這門課的課綱?
（複）※ All the *syllabi* can be found through the system. 通過此系統可以查到所有的課綱。

不規則變化 um→a
datum→data 數據
medium→media 媒體
bacterium→bacteria 細菌
memorandum→memoranda 備忘錄
curriculum→curricula 課程
（單）※ That university just signed *a memorandum* of understanding (MOU) with another university in the US. 那間大學剛和美國一件大學簽了合作備忘錄(MOU)。
（複）※ The two countries have signed *several memoranda* pledging to work together. 這兩個國家簽署了數份協議備忘錄，承諾會互相合作。

不規則變化 on→a
phenomenon→phenomena 現象
criterion→criteria 標準
（單）※ Gravity is a natural *phenomenon*.重力是一種自然現象。
（複）※ Science can't explain all paranormal *phenomena*. 科學無法解釋所有的超自然現象

不規則變化 a→nae
alumna→alumnae 女校友
antenna→antennae 天線
formula→formulae / formulas 公式
（單）※ There's no magic *formula* for success. 成功沒有竅門。
（複）※ Students need to memorize many math *formulae*. 學生需要背起很多數學公式。

不規則變化 e→ce
die /dice →dice 骰子
mouse→mice 小鼠
（單）※ *A die* is a cube with six faces showing a different number of dots from 1 to 6. 一顆骰子是一個立方體，有六個面，分別有1-6點的點數。
（複）※ Playing "si̍p-pat-á" needs *four dice*. 玩「十八仔」需要四顆骰子。

不規則變化 單複數同型(皆為s結尾)
corps→corps 軍團
species→species 物種
crossroads → crossroads 十字路口
headquarters → headquarters 總部
means → means 方法
series → series 系列
（單）※ The leopard cat is an endangered species. 石虎屬於瀕危物種。
（複）※ Over a thousand species of plants are found in this area. 這一地區有上千種植物。

圖片來源：根據CC BY-SA 3.0授權使用並修改。https://goo.gl/pPxWv0