【性格天注定？】時令星座是金牛座♉️究竟金牛座的人是否較一成不變？「牛牛是十二星座裏面最固執的。一旦他們在某件事上作了決定，就不可能讓他們回頭，喜歡按部就班，在日常生活中有突如其來的變化時就會特別煩躁」（網上資料）

🧐難道性格天注定？原來人格心理學（personality psychology）是這樣解釋的：心理學家艾森克（1916-1997）提出的人格理論建基於生物學因素，性格取決於自主神經系統（automatic nervous system）的激發和壓抑過程之間的平衡。他在1947年發表，人的性格有兩大面向（1）內向VS外向（introversion VS extroversion）；（2）神經質VS穩定性（neuroticism VS stability）。我們今日先來談談內/外向吧🌟我們要留意的是，根據艾森克，內/外向只是水平尺，用作量度人性格傾向於哪一邊🌟

何謂艾森克定義的內/外向？

📌外向的人：喜歡交際、新鮮事物，傾向較衝動，因為想尋求新奇刺激而較願意承擔風險。這是因為他們先天的神經系統所受的生理刺激不足，人體繼而希望透過啟動自我刺激，而達致足夠的刺激水平。

📌內向的人：較保守，喜歡獨處、人數少的活動，不喜歡冒險。這是因為他們先天的神經系統受到的生理刺激過多，人體因而抑制這些刺激。

個天整定性格就係咁？某程度上也有先天的生理因素呢😇

💌 #心理學教室 科和為你帶來更多心理學小知識！

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#void #科和 #voidhk #精神健康 #減壓 #放空 #身體放鬆頭腦放空 #讓生命多一點留白的色彩 #放鬆 #失眠 #身心健康 #心理學 #金牛座 #星座 #taurus #sleep #insomnia #meditation #mindfulness #relax #mentalhealth #psychology #personalitypsychology #hongkong #hkig #香港 #love #hkiger

[教育時評] 成長心態的十大必知 10 Must-Knows for a Growth Mindset

透過持續的完成人生的短期與長期目標，我們在探索和反省中逐漸了解自我，從而找到人生目標。擁有人生目標便可有效制定更明確的長短期目標，從而有規劃的活出自己想要的人生。

然而人生目標形成與達成皆需要經歷許多人生的歷練，制定相關的精準目標有需經歷探索，那年輕的同學到底要如何在尚未明確的現階段來設定目標?

每一個人完成探索目標的時間當然不同，過程中我們的目標也會不停的變動，甚至許多人可能一輩子也未必能覺察自己的人生目標。然而透過一個彈性的成長心態 (a flexible growth mindset)和他人指導，我們可以更有效率輔助自己建立和完成目標。

以下是我透過自身經驗，並參考近代教育理論與心理學，幫同學寫的「成長心態的10個必知 / 10 Must Knows」，以便更進一步的探討如何建立和達成自己的目標:

★★★★★★★★★★★★

1. Know what you want in life. While short-term goals may be ever-changing, you can start by having an overall sense of purpose or change that you want to make. For me, it was initially to have financial stability but eventually transformed to contributing to educational leadership. Having an overall purpose can help you align your short-term objectives with long-term goals, making accomplishing them far more efficient and motivating.

知道自己的目的。儘管短期目標可能會發生變化，但你應該對目標或要做出的改變有全面的認知。 對我來說，最初的目標是財務穩定，但最終轉變為對教育領導的貢獻。有一個總體目標可以幫助自己保持短期目標與長期目標的一致，從而更有效、更有動力地實現這些目標。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

2. Know that you can solve your problems and make changes in your life. While we all have different problems, and there is no guarantee we can resolve all issues, working towards a positive change will benefit you regardless of the outcome. You must know that you have the capacity for positive change.

知道自己有能力解決問題，儘管並不是所有的問題都能自己解決。每個問題都是成長和學習的機會。首先寫下問題，然後積極面對，並在有需要時尋求他人協助。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

3. Know that you can develop the skills and abilities you need to make changes through consistent effort and the development of your unique strengths. Everyone is talented in different ways but persistence is what develops talents into invaluable skills you can use to empower yourself and achieve your goals. We do not all need to be as talented as Olympic athletes to achieve the success we need in life.

知道自己可以通過持續不斷的努力和個體優勢的發展來獲得所需的能力。每個人擅長的事物皆有所不同，通過經年累月的工作和學習將自己的才能進一步發展為寶貴的技能。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

4. Know that consistently meeting small and realistic objectives that align with your bigger goals and purpose is the most efficient way to achievement. Do not try to accomplish too many things at once or your might not accomplish anything at all in the end. Set realistic goals that you can adjust and achieve a step at a time.

知道實現與長期目標相符的短期目標是達成人生目標最有效的方法。確定目標實現的優先順序，不要試圖一次完成太多的事情，否則最終可能徒勞無功。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

5. Know that achieving your goals take time and consistent effort. You must make plans and keep schedules to keep yourself from procrastinating. Do not think you can reach your end goal in a week and then be disappointed by your failure. Taking a small step each day will enable you to make great strides in life. You must also prioritize which objectives to meet first and have a plan for doing so. Consult your mentors, parents, and peers, have a discussion, and come up with your own plan.

知道實現目標需要時間和持續不斷的努力。制定計劃並表操課以免拖延。不要期待自己會在一周內達到最終目標，然後對失敗感到失望。每天走一小步就能使生活大步向前。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

6. Know that you may fail along the way, but every failure can bring you closer to achievement. However, know that failing only brings growth when you self-reflect and make changes. Do not just keep repeating mistakes.

知道自己可能會失敗，但是每一次失敗都會更接近成就。然而，只有自省並做出改變，失敗才會帶來成長。不要只是重複之前的錯誤。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

7. Know that role models, mentors, and teachers can take you to the next level. Actively seek out your role models and mentors and learn from your competitors and peers. Actively seek out talented and experienced individuals to guide you and work to earn their trust and guidance. Do not expect everyone to come to you and help you for no reason. Why should they? Be humble and be grateful.

知道榜樣、指導者甚至競爭對手都可以將自己帶到全新的高度。積極尋找榜樣和指導者，並向競爭對手學習。積極尋求有才華與經驗豐富的人的協助，並努力贏得他們的信任和指導。不要指望每個人都會無緣無故地幫忙。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

8. Know that collaboration will enable you to accomplish success on a much larger scale. Every successful person has a partner or a team behind them. There is only so much you can learn and do on your own, and you must work with talented and trustworthy people from every domain.

知道協作能使自己更大程度地取得成功。每個成功的人都有一個團隊。每個人精力有限，你需要與各領域的強者一起工作。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

9. Know that opportunities are created, not given. By actively seeking, learning, planning, and pursuing ways to accomplish your goals, you are creating new opportunities every day. Listen to advice but do not be limited by boundaries set by others. Take calculated risks and walk your own unique path.

知道主動創造機會，而不是被動等待。通過積極尋求、學習、規劃與追求實現目標，每天為自己創造新的機會。聽取建議，但不受限於他人所設的障礙。走自己的獨特道路。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

10. Know that helping others help yourself. When we aid those less disadvantaged, we are building a more inclusive, equitable, and prosperous community. Such a supportive community leads to the exchange of diverse ideas, collaboration, innovation and positive changes, all of which will help yourself. Medical studies have also revealed that helping others enhances our own emotional-well beings. By helping others, you are helping yourself.

知道助人者自助。雖然從不同的角度出發，但我們都能以自己獨特的方式對周圍的人產生積極影響，並實現自己的人生目標。

Educational Equity (教育公平): http://bit.ly/2NvyQR3

Eric's English Lounge 的宗旨與目標: https://goo.gl/fFUBWe

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Motivation to Learn 學習的動力: http://bit.ly/2RjscPb

How to Set & Achieve Goals 如何制定短期目標: http://bit.ly/2Rdi0aU

Growth mindset poster: https://www.openrecruitmentlimited.co.uk/fixed-mindset-v-gr…

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Sources

http://exploresel.gse.harvard.edu/terms/530

https://www.psychologytoday.com/…/in-helping-others-you-hel…

https://www.theatlantic.com/…/how-kids-really-succe…/480744/

https://www.scientificamerican.com/…/debate-arises-over-te…/

https://www.npr.org/…/angela-duckworth-responds-to-a-new-cr…

https://www.washingtonpost.com/…/the-problem-w…/&prev=search

Image source: https://www.openrecruitmentlimited.co.uk/fixed-mindset-v-gr…

★★★★★★★★★★★★

喜歡我這一系列的文章, 也麻煩按個讚留言「 I want to have a growth mindset!」越多分享我就越有motivation寫下一篇文章!

對Growth Mindset有興趣的同學也可以參考Alexander Wang 王梓沅英文的粉絲團喔!

★★★★★★★★★★★★

教育時評: http://bit.ly/39ABON9

[教育時評] 成長心態的十大必知 10 Must-Knows for a Growth Mindset

透過持續的完成人生的短期與長期目標，我們在探索和反省中逐漸了解自我，從而找到人生目標。擁有人生目標便可有效制定更明確的長短期目標，從而有規劃的活出自己想要的人生。

然而人生目標形成與達成皆需要經歷許多人生的歷練，制定相關的精準目標有需經歷探索，那年輕的同學到底要如何在尚未明確的現階段來設定目標?

每一個人完成探索目標的時間當然不同，過程中我們的目標也會不停的變動，甚至許多人可能一輩子也未必能覺察自己的人生目標。然而透過一個彈性的成長心態 (a flexible growth mindset)和他人指導，我們可以更有效率輔助自己建立和完成目標。

以下是我透過自身經驗，並參考近代教育理論與心理學，幫同學寫的「成長心態的10個必知 / 10 Must Knows」，以便更進一步的探討如何建立和達成自己的目標:

★★★★★★★★★★★★

1. Know what you want in life. While short-term goals may be ever-changing, you can start by having an overall sense of purpose or change that you want to make. For me, it was initially to have financial stability but eventually transformed to contributing to educational leadership. Having an overall purpose can help you align your short-term objectives with long-term goals, making accomplishing them far more efficient and motivating.

知道自己的目的。儘管短期目標可能會發生變化，但你應該對目標或要做出的改變有全面的認知。 對我來說，最初的目標是財務穩定，但最終轉變為對教育領導的貢獻。有一個總體目標可以幫助自己保持短期目標與長期目標的一致，從而更有效、更有動力地實現這些目標。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

2. Know that you can solve your problems and make changes in your life. While we all have different problems, and there is no guarantee we can resolve all issues, working towards a positive change will benefit you regardless of the outcome. You must know that you have the capacity for positive change.

知道自己有能力解決問題，儘管並不是所有的問題都能自己解決。每個問題都是成長和學習的機會。首先寫下問題，然後積極面對，並在有需要時尋求他人協助。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

3. Know that you can develop the skills and abilities you need to make changes through consistent effort and the development of your unique strengths. Everyone is talented in different ways but persistence is what develops talents into invaluable skills you can use to empower yourself and achieve your goals. We do not all need to be as talented as Olympic athletes to achieve the success we need in life.

知道自己可以通過持續不斷的努力和個體優勢的發展來獲得所需的能力。每個人擅長的事物皆有所不同，通過經年累月的工作和學習將自己的才能進一步發展為寶貴的技能。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

4. Know that consistently meeting small and realistic objectives that align with your bigger goals and purpose is the most efficient way to achievement. Do not try to accomplish too many things at once or your might not accomplish anything at all in the end. Set realistic goals that you can adjust and achieve a step at a time.

知道實現與長期目標相符的短期目標是達成人生目標最有效的方法。確定目標實現的優先順序，不要試圖一次完成太多的事情，否則最終可能徒勞無功。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

5. Know that achieving your goals take time and consistent effort. You must make plans and keep schedules to keep yourself from procrastinating. Do not think you can reach your end goal in a week and then be disappointed by your failure. Taking a small step each day will enable you to make great strides in life. You must also prioritize which objectives to meet first and have a plan for doing so. Consult your mentors, parents, and peers, have a discussion, and come up with your own plan.

知道實現目標需要時間和持續不斷的努力。制定計劃並表操課以免拖延。不要期待自己會在一周內達到最終目標，然後對失敗感到失望。每天走一小步就能使生活大步向前。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

6. Know that you may fail along the way, but every failure can bring you closer to achievement. However, know that failing only brings growth when you self-reflect and make changes. Do not just keep repeating mistakes.

知道自己可能會失敗，但是每一次失敗都會更接近成就。然而，只有自省並做出改變，失敗才會帶來成長。不要只是重複之前的錯誤。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

7. Know that role models, mentors, and teachers can take you to the next level. Actively seek out your role models and mentors and learn from your competitors and peers. Actively seek out talented and experienced individuals to guide you and work to earn their trust and guidance. Do not expect everyone to come to you and help you for no reason. Why should they? Be humble and be grateful.

知道榜樣、指導者甚至競爭對手都可以將自己帶到全新的高度。積極尋找榜樣和指導者，並向競爭對手學習。積極尋求有才華與經驗豐富的人的協助，並努力贏得他們的信任和指導。不要指望每個人都會無緣無故地幫忙。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

8. Know that collaboration will enable you to accomplish success on a much larger scale. Every successful person has a partner or a team behind them. There is only so much you can learn and do on your own, and you must work with talented and trustworthy people from every domain.

知道協作能使自己更大程度地取得成功。每個成功的人都有一個團隊。每個人精力有限，你需要與各領域的強者一起工作。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

9. Know that opportunities are created, not given. By actively seeking, learning, planning, and pursuing ways to accomplish your goals, you are creating new opportunities every day. Listen to advice but do not be limited by boundaries set by others. Take calculated risks and walk your own unique path.

知道主動創造機會，而不是被動等待。通過積極尋求、學習、規劃與追求實現目標，每天為自己創造新的機會。聽取建議，但不受限於他人所設的障礙。走自己的獨特道路。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

10. Know that helping others help yourself. When we aid those who are disadvantaged, we are building a more inclusive, equitable, and prosperous community. Such a supportive community leads to the exchange of diverse ideas, collaboration, innovation and positive changes, all of which will help yourself. Medical studies have also revealed that helping others enhances our own emotional-well beings. By helping others, you are helping yourself.

知道助人者自助。雖然從不同的角度出發，但我們都能以自己獨特的方式對周圍的人產生積極影響，並實現自己的人生目標。

Educational Equity (教育公平): http://bit.ly/2NvyQR3

Eric's English Lounge 的宗旨與目標: https://goo.gl/fFUBWe

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Motivation to Learn 學習的動力: http://bit.ly/2RjscPb

How to Set & Achieve Goals 如何制定短期目標: http://bit.ly/2Rdi0aU

Growth mindset poster: https://www.openrecruitmentlimited.co.uk/fixed-mindset-v-growth-mindset

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Sources

http://exploresel.gse.harvard.edu/terms/530

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/between-cultures/201805/in-helping-others-you-help-yourself

https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/06/how-kids-really-succeed/480744/

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/debate-arises-over-teaching-growth-mindsets-to-motivate-students/

https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/05/25/479172868/angela-duckworth-responds-to-a-new-critique-of-grit

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/05/10/the-problem-with-teaching-grit-to-poor-kids-they-already-have-it-heres-what-they-really-need/&prev=search

Image source: https://www.openrecruitmentlimited.co.uk/fixed-mindset-v-growth-mindset

★★★★★★★★★★★★

喜歡我這一系列的文章, 也麻煩按個讚留言「 I want to have a growth mindset!」越多分享我就越有motivation寫下一篇文章!

★★★★★★★★★★★★

教育時評: http://bit.ly/39ABON9