有人話 #Call林鄭嘅bluff，咩意思？
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#明報 A20 | 英文 English | 毛孟靜
//林鄭月娥聲稱非常樂意與香港人對話，於是有人向立法會 民主派議員建議：Let's call her bluff 。這是什麼意思呢？
Call somebody's bluff， 直譯係「叫某人的自我吹噓」， 仍然不明其所以然，是吧？
Bluff 最直接的口語譯法，係「作大」，也即是書面語的 「虛張聲勢」。

To bluff is to try to deceive someone as to one's abilities or intentions，企圖欺騙別人自己有如此這般的能力或意圖， 有自吹自擂之意。用做動詞：
• He's been bluffing all along. 他一直不過在「拋浪頭」、嚇 唬人罷了。
//用做名詞：
• The purchase offer has been denounced as a bluff. 那個 收購建議被視為充大頭鬼的把戲。

有說 ，bluff 等於「充大頭鬼」，源自紙牌撲克 poker 遊 戲：明明沒有一手好牌，卻「二仔底死跟」，強行冒充底牌 是一張皇牌，bluffing your way through，去「大、嚇窒」 對手。
• He bluffed them into surrendering. 他成功嚇得他們投降。 於是倒過頭來，to call somebody's bluff 又可理解為「大返 佢」，去揭對方根本不堪一擊的底牌：

To make an opponent show his hand in order to reveal that its value is weaker than his heavy betting suggests，令 對手攤牌，揭露其「冇料扮四條」。

To challenge someone to carry out a stated intention, in the expectation of being able to expose it as a pretence，去 挑戰某人是否夠膽說到做到，預期由此暴露對方也不過是說 說、裝模作樣罷了。
於是，去 call 林鄭的 bluff，是指民主派議員不如將計就 計，大聲回應樂意與林鄭對話，看她肯不肯，但預期她不會 答應，由此暴露當中的虛偽。
• Carrie Lam says she's happy to dialogue with the people. Huh. Let's call her bluff. 林鄭月娥說她樂意與市民對話。 哈，我哋「大」返佢。

這一幕沒有發生，是因為絕大部分民主派中人都覺得，林 鄭的「底牌」已眾所周知，不必勞師動眾去揭露了。 另例：
• I am tempted to call his bluff as I can hardly believe he would carry out his threat. 我真想叫他「你就來吧」，因為 我絕不相信他的恫嚇。

話說回頭，要非常小心 bluff 這個字，並非淨係代表負 面意思，亦有 being direct, rudely frank, outspoken and unconventional ，率性直接、敢言、反傳統的表達。
• He's a bluff but he's a good teacher.
這句話是說：
他說話即使率直，但他是一個好老師。

文︰毛孟靜//

Hugging trees helps koalas to keep cool, a study has revealed.

抱著樹幹幫助無尾熊保持涼爽，一份研究揭露。by 陳伃軒

In a study published in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters, scientists used thermal cameras to reveal that, in hotter weather, the animals moved to the lower, cooler parts of the trees.

在刊登於英國「皇家學會學報—生物學」期刊的研究中，科學家利用熱視覺相機發現，在酷熱的天氣，這些動物會移動至低處，亦即樹幹較低溫的區塊。

They also pressed their bodies even closer to the trunks.

牠們也會讓身體與樹幹更為靠近。

The team, led by researchers from the University of Melbourne, was studying how koalas regulated their temperature.

由澳洲墨爾本大學領導的研究團隊正針對無尾熊如何控制其體溫進行研究。

This is part of a wider research project investigating the effect of climate on land-dwelling animals in Australia, a country which experienced an extreme heat wave earlier this year.

這是一項調查氣候對澳洲陸棲動物的影響的更大型研究計畫中的一個部分，澳洲在今年稍早經歷極端熱浪侵襲。

While PhD student Natalie Briscoe was studying the koalas’ behaviour, she noticed that in the winter the animals would stay high in the trees.

當博士班學生布里斯科正在鑽研無尾熊的習性時，她發現在冬天的時候，這些動物會待在樹木的高處。

In the hotter summer weather though, they would move down.

然而在炎熱的夏天天氣，牠們會往低處移動。

But measurements of the temperatures of the tree trunks showed that, on days as hot as 39C, they were up to seven degrees cooler than the air.

但測量樹幹溫度後顯示，在攝氏39度高溫的日子，牠們的體溫比氣溫低7度。

"That’s what made us wonder if the koalas were using the trees as a heat sink," said Dr Michael Kearney from the University of Melbourne.

「這讓我們納悶，無尾熊是否將樹木作為散熱器」，墨爾本大學的基爾尼教授說。

新聞辭典

reveal：動詞，揭露、顯示。例句：The test revealed the true cause of death.（這項檢測揭露真正的死因。）

dwell：動詞，居住。例句：They dwelt in Taiwan for two years.（他們住在台灣兩年了。）

trunk：名詞，樹幹、軀幹。例句：The trunk of this tree is five meters thick.（這棵樹的樹幹有5公尺粗。）

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3【divulge 揭露】— 動詞 /dɪˈvʌldʒ/（reveal 的正式說法）
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簡單複習：
1）surge upon a surge 一波未平、一波又起
2）a 30% fall 減少百分之三十
3）divulge 揭露
4）centrist 溫和派的
5）flying car 飛天車