【喬的回顧系列：英文中十個常錯的用法！】
喬今天要請各位同學來回顧這一篇，也許很多人也犯過同樣的錯，一起來溫故知新或者警戒自我吧！

<十個英文文法常犯的錯誤>
喬今天幫各位整理常犯文法錯誤之中文版以及自己以前批改學生作業的經驗，在這邊跟各位同學做分享，祝各位寫作越來越好：

1. affect與effect的混淆
這兩個字往往造成很大的響應，因為太多人把他們搞錯了。於是來好好講解一下。
[1] effect (n.) = a change that is a result or consequence of an action or other cause 「效應」、「影響」
例1: The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the environment.
例2: I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn’t have any effect.
例3: I think I’m suffering from the effects of too little sleep.

[2] effect (V.) = cause (something) to happen; bring about 「使(某事)發生：導致」切記不是「影響」的意思，許多字典上也會告知讀者不可以跟”affect”混用
例: The new machines finally effected the transition to computerized accounting last spring.

[3] affect (V.) = have an affect on; make a difference to 「影響」「侵襲」「感染」「打動」
例1: Both buildings were badly affected by the fire. 「侵襲」
例2: The divorce affected every aspect of her life.「影響」
例3: It’s a disease which affects mainly older people.「侵擾」
例4: I was deeply affected by the film. (= It caused strong feelings in me). 「打動」
*以上例句採自”dictionary.cambridge.org”與“dictionary.com”

2. 把than寫成then
這點真的超多人會寫錯：than是「比」的意思；而then是「然後、接著」的意思
(O) His dog is more adorable than mine.
(X) His dog is more adorable then mine.

3. fewer與less的用法搞混
要闡述”比較少”的概念，這兩個詞常常被搞混
fewer (adj.) + 可數名詞 He keeps fewer dogs than I do.
less (adj.) + 不可數名詞 He had less soup than I did.

* 值得一提的是，如果是想要用”number”這個詞來表達”較少的數目”，可以說”smaller number”，為何用”smaller”呢？根據維基百科( goo.gl/f3vRxA)，對於number要使用fewer還是less似乎有不少的爭議，可自行前往該網站觀覽，但是smaller number是不會錯的用法。

4. 搞混few, a few, little, a little的用法
這四個字詞的確很繞口，但是只要把握大原則就不會用錯了。
few (adj.) = nearly nothing 幾乎沒有 + 可數名詞
a few (adj.) = some but not many 很少 + 可數名詞
little (adj.) = nearly nothing 幾乎沒有 + 不可數名詞
a little (adj.) = some but not much 很少 + 不可數名詞

5, 分詞構句前後主詞不一致
例： (X) Bursting into tears, I tried to comfort Nancy.
這句話的中文翻譯會變成：
「當我嚎啕大哭，我嘗試著去安慰南希。」整個變得很奇怪而且沒有邏輯，分詞構句使用正確是加分的，但是主詞不一會變得很難懂。
(O) When Nancy burst into tears, I tried to comfort her.

6. 常常會把lie與lay搞混了，其實很多美國人也會搞混，所以多注意吧！
lie (V.) 說謊
lay (V.) 放置; 鋪設

"說謊": lie-lied-lied (現在分詞:lying)
"躺": lie-lay-lain (現在分詞:lying)
"放置": lay-laid-laid (現在分詞:laying)

7. 使用雙引號的時候，句號逗錯地方，逗號要逗在雙引號裡面：
(X) “You are fabulous”.
(O) “You are fabulous.”

8. 否定的”也”，要用”nor”不用”not”
例: He didn’t go to the party, nor did I.

9. everyday與every day
everyday是形容詞，表示每天的；every day是副詞，表示每日、每天
(O) He wakes up at 8: 00 every day.
(X) He wakes up at 8:00 everyday.

10. 搞混Borrow跟lend的用法，兩者的差別其實很好記！
borrow (V.) take and use (something that belongs to someone else) with the intention of returning it 借入
lend (V.) grant to (someone) the use of (something) on the understanding that it shall be returned 借出

【喬的回顧系列: 10個常犯英文文法錯誤】
喬這篇要分享的是之前寫過的常犯文法錯誤，這對各位同學應該都有幫助。可以閱讀檢閱自己是否有犯過文中提及之錯誤，不斷更正自我，英文就會不斷進步的！

<十個英文文法常犯的錯誤>
喬今天幫各位整理常犯文法錯誤之中文版以及自己以前批改學生作業的經驗，在這邊跟各位同學做分享，祝各位寫作越來越好：

1. affect與effect的混淆
這兩個字往往造成很大的響應，因為太多人把他們搞錯了。於是來好好講解一下。
[1] effect (n.) = a change that is a result or consequence of an action or other cause 「效應」、「影響」
例1: The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the environment.
例2: I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn’t have any effect.
例3: I think I’m suffering from the effects of too little sleep.

[2] effect (V.) = cause (something) to happen; bring about 「使(某事)發生：導致」切記不是「影響」的意思，許多字典上也會告知讀者不可以跟”affect”混用
例: The new machines finally effected the transition to computerized accounting last spring.

[3] affect (V.) = have an affect on; make a difference to 「影響」「侵襲」「感染」「打動」
例1: Both buildings were badly affected by the fire. 「侵襲」
例2: The divorce affected every aspect of her life.「影響」
例3: It’s a disease which affects mainly older people.「侵擾」
例4: I was deeply affected by the film. (= It caused strong feelings in me). 「打動」
*以上例句採自”dictionary.cambridge.org”與“dictionary.com”

2. 把than寫成then
這點真的超多人會寫錯：than是「比」的意思；而then是「然後、接著」的意思
(O) His dog is more adorable than mine.
(X) His dog is more adorable then mine.

3. fewer與less的用法搞混
要闡述”比較少”的概念，這兩個詞常常被搞混
fewer (adj.) + 可數名詞 He keeps fewer dogs than I do.
less (adj.) + 不可數名詞 He had less soup than I did.

* 值得一提的是，如果是想要用”number”這個詞來表達”較少的數目”，可以說”smaller number”，為何用”smaller”呢？根據維基百科( goo.gl/f3vRxA)，對於number要使用fewer還是less似乎有不少的爭議，可自行前往該網站觀覽，但是smaller number是不會錯的用法。

4. 搞混few, a few, little, a little的用法
這四個字詞的確很繞口，但是只要把握大原則就不會用錯了。
few (adj.) = nearly nothing 幾乎沒有 + 可數名詞
a few (adj.) = some but not many 很少 + 可數名詞
little (adj.) = nearly nothing 幾乎沒有 + 不可數名詞
a little (adj.) = some but not much 很少 + 不可數名詞

5, 分詞構句前後主詞不一致
例： (X) Bursting into tears, I tried to comfort Nancy.
這句話的中文翻譯會變成：
「當我嚎啕大哭，我嘗試著去安慰南希。」整個變得很奇怪而且沒有邏輯，分詞構句使用正確是加分的，但是主詞不一會變得很難懂。
(O) When Nancy burst into tears, I tried to comfort her.

6. 常常會把lie與lay搞混了，其實很多美國人也會搞混，所以多注意吧！
lie (V.) 說謊
lay (V.) 放置; 鋪設

"說謊": lie-lied-lied (現在分詞:lying)
"躺": lie-lay-lain (現在分詞:lying)
"放置": lay-laid-laid (現在分詞:laying)

7. 使用雙引號的時候，句號逗錯地方，逗號要逗在雙引號裡面：
(X) “You are fabulous”.
(O) “You are fabulous.”

8. 否定的”也”，要用”nor”不用”not”
例: He didn’t go to the party, nor did I.

9. everyday與every day
everyday是形容詞，表示每天的；every day是副詞，表示每日、每天
(O) He wakes up at 8: 00 every day.
(X) He wakes up at 8:00 everyday.

10. 搞混Borrow跟lend的用法，兩者的差別其實很好記！
borrow (V.) take and use (something that belongs to someone else) with the intention of returning it 借入
lend (V.) grant to (someone) the use of (something) on the understanding that it shall be returned 借出

❤️ 俐媽英文教室：Wild(那時候我只剩下勇敢)文法句型篇Part 1
✏️ The only thing I could think to do was turn my back to the van and squat...
➡️ 句型"All that/What... + S + do/does/did + is/was + (to) Vr"表「⋯所做的事就是⋯」，其中to均被省略，造成be動詞與原型動詞併放，且注意要使用單數動詞is/was。
✏️ The sight of the square concrete pool lifted my spirits enormously not only because at the springs there was water, but also because humans had so clearly constructed it.
➡️ 對等連接詞not only...but also...要連接詞性、結構相同的字/片語/子句，故文中兩個because為對稱。
✏️ I wanted neither to get back together with Paul nor to get divorced.
➡️ 同樣地，對等連接詞neither...nor...用法同not only...but also...，文中的to get back及to get divorced即為symmetry(對稱)。
✏️ ...use DEET or any other such brain-destroying, earth-polluting, or future-progeny-harming chemical.
➡️ 文中使用compound adjective(複合形容詞)，用法為：N/adj./adv.-Ving/Vpp，其中使用現在分詞Ving 表「主動」或過去分詞Vpp表「被動」由後面所修飾的名詞決定。文中化學物質chemical主動破壞腦部、汙染地球、傷害後代子孫，故均使用Ving形式。其中的連字符號"-"叫hyphen哦！
✏️ It turned out I wasn't able to keep my family together.
➡️ It turned out that + S + V表「結果是⋯」。
✏️ The heat was so intense that my memory of it is not so much a sensation...
➡️ so + adj./adv. + that + S + V表「如此⋯以致於⋯」，亦可強調intense而寫成倒裝句：So intense was the heat that my memory...。注意heat和intense可為collocation哦！
✏️ ...no matter how kindly his eyes twinkled when he smiled.
➡️ no matter + wh- = wh-ever表「不論⋯」，後面接副詞子句。文中的no matter how = however表「不論多麼⋯」，並不翻「然而」。
✏️ It was then that I spotted what I'd searched for days: mountain lion tracks.
➡️ It is/was + 強調部份(人、物、地、時) + that + S + V，此為強調句用法。別忘了俐媽的精典例句哦😝

祝週末愉快😉😉😉

#記得開啟CC字幕 今天將轉折語分成四大類，搭配例句教大家寫作時如何串聯前句和後句～
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補充：
transition 和 conjunction是不一樣的東西。and but or so for nor....等字是對等連接詞 conjunction、because 則是附屬連接詞、however, therefore, hence 才是轉折語！

舉例可使用的：
1.such as
2.for instance
3.to illustrate

表達因果關係：
1.due to
2.owing to

對比關係：
1.whereas
2.otherwise
3.unlike

按照時間順序推下去：
1.meanwhile

■ 這群人超瞎翻唱翻譯解析 https://youtu.be/uT4V2fbWFC4

■ 英雄聯盟打LoL必懂單 https://youtu.be/VG_njlfMXhk

■ 挑戰15分鐘完成學測考題 https://youtu.be/l95ey_v5XTg

■ 阿滴滴妹參賽世大運 https://youtu.be/JHDF-SFvLFQ

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