📰 今天我們來讀讀【華爾街日報】
🖐🏽 五分鐘來關心國際時事— 美國🇺🇸

Trump Administration Turns Up Pressure on China on Several Fronts
川普政府在幾個方面對中國施加更大的壓力。

WASHINGTON—The Trump administration is intensifying U.S. pressure on China, piling on visa bans, sanctions and other restrictions that are battering already unsettled ties between the world’s two largest economies.

📌 文章第一段就以這個主題為切入點，施壓的領域包括簽證禁令、制裁和其他限制。

🖋 intensify pressure on 的意思就是 turn up pressure on。pile on (堆積)，在修辭學裡有「轉化」的作用(將虛擬實)。ban (禁令)、sanction (制裁) 和 restriction (限制)常於國際新聞出現的詞語。

Attorney General William Barr, in a speech Thursday, warned U.S. businesses that they are at risk of collaborating with a Chinese government that ultimately seeks to supplant them in its expanding state-run economy. Administration officials are also discussing banning travel by China’s Communist Party members and their families to the U.S., people familiar with the matter said.

📌 文章第二段引述美國司法部長在一篇演說中對企業家的警告：中國政府最終或許取締他們！這段也提到美國官員考慮禁止中國共產黨員和家屬去美國。

🖋 Attorney General (司法部長)是美國高級官員，他想美國企業發出嚴厲的警告，用at risk of + noun phrase 來表達。administration official 是常用的片語，指政府官員。

Discussions are in early stages, with no timeline for being put into effect, the people said. If put into policy, advisers and policy analysts said the ban would strike at the legitimacy of the increasingly powerful party.

📌文章第三段補充說，有關考慮處於初步階段，如果被實施回打擊共產黨的合法性。

🖋 timeline (時間表)是常用用語，其他常見的用語包括 policy、adviser、policy analyst。legitimacy (合法性)是個高階字，在有關政治的文章常常出現。

The administration has amped up a broader confrontation with Beijing in recent weeks by imposing sanctions on a member of the Communist Party leadership, signing legislation that targets other Chinese officials and holding full-scale military exercises in the South China Sea.

📌文章第四段講述美國在最近幾個星期跟中國的對抗：制裁一位共產黨高層人員、簽署針對其他中國官員的法例和在南中國海舉行軍事演習。

🖋amp up (放大) 是個轉化的修辭片語，impose(施加)跟sanction搭配的，legislation是law的同義詞，target在這裡是及物動詞，千萬別加at。

All this has come after President Trump for months has blamed China for covering up the initial corona virus outbreak that his administration has struggled to contain in the U.S.

📌文章第五段為這一切提供背景：川普幾個月來責怪中國隱瞞疫情。

🖋 blame 是基本的動詞，要記住它的用法，cover up (掩飾) 很常用，另外，contain在這裡的意思不是包括，而是遏制。

未完待續...

📰 全文請至
https://reurl.cc/mngeKG

📰 作者
Andrew Restuccia and William Mauldin

📰 訂閱請至
https://bit.ly/3j82Q3W

💁🏻‍♂️ 每日多了解一些國際時事，豐富您的世界觀，邊看新聞邊學英語，語言能力更上一層樓！

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#拓展國際視野來抽世界明信片

🎊上則貼文中獎名單
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(請私訊您的真實姓名 + 電話+地址，之前得過明信片的學員請告知國家，避免重複)

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🎁 領獎期限: 07/26 20:00

［時事英文］「超前部署 」英文怎麼說？
　
由於最近這個詞出現的頻率很高，所以陸續有同學寫信問我「超前部署」的英文是不是「advanced deployment 」？
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
１、「advanced」意味著在「程度／層次」（level）上是更高等的、更高級的，例如：
　
➣ an advanced English course
　進階英語課程／高階英語課程／高級英語課程（相對於初、中級）
　
➣ advanced learners of English
　進階英語學習者／高階英語學習者／高級英語學習者
　
➣ advanced physics
　高等物理
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
２、「advanced」也可以表示非常現代的、最新的（modern），例如：
　
➣ advanced weapon systems
　先進武器系統
　
➣ advanced technology
　先進技術／前瞻技術
　
➣ high levels of unemployment in advanced industrial societies
　先進工業社會的高失業率
　
詳參：https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/advanced
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
３、若你想表達某事發生在其他事之前，則須用——「in advance (of something)」。例如：
　
➣ I should warn you in advance that I’m not a very good dancer.
　我應該事先告訴你，我不是一位出色的舞者。
　
➣ Many thanks, in advance, for your help.
　在此先感謝您的幫助。
　
➣ The Assembly passed legislation which required organizers of demonstrations to apply three days in advance for government approval.
　議會通過了立法，要求示威的組織者提前三天申請政府批准。
　
詳參：https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/advance
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
４、在中文的語境裡，「超前部署」本為國軍術語，用於軍事上的部署與配置。因今年疫情而輾轉進入公眾視野，也成為公共衛生的防疫語彙。在英文裡，若想表達兵力上的預置，你可以說：
　
➣ the early deployment of troops
　
➣ deploy troops in advance (of something)
　
➣ deploy troops in preparation (of something)
　
➣ deploy troops ahead of something
　
「超前部署」見於國軍「主動防救」的災防思維，國軍採「超前部署、預置兵力、隨時防救」的作法，以因應重大天災對國家安全的威脅。詳參：https://bit.ly/2WuyIXb
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
５、在英文裡，「advanced deployment」雖是慣用語，但多用於計算（computing）以及網路管理（network administration），其中涉及較高階的（higher-level）電腦或系統的安裝過程，以利於真實環境裡的高效作業。
　
詳參：https://bit.ly/3ctnd7T
　　　https://bit.ly/3dGULQ5
　
若同學知道更多相關用法，歡迎在下方留言與我們分享，畢竟我不是資通專家ＸＤ
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
６、可能有些文章會使用「advance deployment」來作為「超前部署」的英文用法，以表達對流行疫情所採取的準備措施。但在英文裡，這並不是常見的用法：
　
That decision did make inconveniences to passengers and losses to THSRC, but that measure in conjunction with Taiwan's “advance deployment” has indeed effectively reduced the risk of people being over-exposed in mass transportation.
　
詳參：https://yhoo.it/3dHexLq
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
７、「超前部署」雖可置於防疫的語境中，但在英文裡並沒有一個全然相應的用法。而在中文與英文的脈絡下，其所關聯的語意也不盡相同。英語使用者通常會這麼說：
　
❖ 用法Ａ： (early) preventive measures
　
“A contact-tracing app developed in Singapore as a preventive measure against the coronavirus.”

詳參《紐約時報》：https://nyti.ms/3bjfxDT
　
“For the general public, basic preventive measures include keeping a safe distance of 1 to 2 metres, washing hands with soap for 20 seconds or using a hand sanitiser, wearing a face mask if crowded situations cannot be avoided and not touching one’s eyes, nose, and mouth.”

詳參《路透社》：https://reut.rs/3fEMZrK
　
❖ 用法Ｂ：「something＋prevention measures」也頗為常見
　
“Efforts are better spent boosting infection-prevention measures at hospitals.”

詳參《經濟學人》：https://econ.st/2YUoMYu
　
“Vice Premier Chen Chi-Mai shared Taiwan's deployment of big data in our epidemic-prevention measures with two professors visiting from Stanford, C. Jason Wang, director of the Center for Policy, Outcomes and Prevention, and health law scholar Michelle M. Mello.”

詳參中華民國外交部：https://bit.ly/3cnuRk6
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
其他可以使用的相關片語：
　
➣ take protective measures
　
➣ implement preventive measures
　
➣ infection prevention and control
　
➣ early prevention and detection
　
➣ immediate government intervention
　
歡迎同學在下方留言，與我們分享更多用法！
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★

時事英文講義：https://bit.ly/2XmRYXc
　
時事英文大全：http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
　
如何使用「時事英文」：https://bit.ly/3a9rr38
　
＃超前部署
＃疫情英文

【早安，防疫快訊學商用英文】
最近準備線上商英讀書會內容
覺得華爾街日報 WSJ The Wall Street Journal 文章品質很不錯
一起來快速掌握五項脈動與一大新聞

⭐️ President Trump is expanding（擴大）the European travel ban（禁令）to include Ireland and the U.K. starting Monday and is considering domestic travel restrictions.
今天起，川普擴大歐洲交通禁令範圍到愛爾蘭及英國，並考慮限制國內交通

⭐️ Spain became the second country after Italy to go into lockdown（封鎖）and France ordered bars, restaurants and non-essential（非必要）shops to close.
西班牙繼義大利後進入封鎖狀態；法國下令酒吧餐廳及非必要商家歇業

⭐️ The number of people infected（受感染者）topped（超越）162,000. More than 6,000 have died. In Europe and North America, more schools closed and sporting events were postponed（延期）. The Boston Marathon and Masters golf tournament（賽事）were postponed.
全球受感染人數達 16 萬 2 千，死亡人數逾 6 千，歐美多所學校停課，體育賽事延期，包括波士頓馬拉松及高球名人賽

⭐️ The House of Representatives（眾議院）passed legislation（立法）that would make coronavirus testing free and provide paid sick leave.
眾議院通過議案，提供免費病毒篩檢及有薪病假

⭐️ U.S. stocks soared on Friday, recovering some ground but still posting one of Wall Street's worst weeks ever.
美股週五飆升，略恢復盤勢，但週表現仍是前幾慘

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⭐️ 聯準會緊急降息趨近 0 並將重啟購債計劃 ⭐️
Fed Cuts Rates to Near Zero and Will Relaunch Bond-Buying Program

The Federal Reserve（聯準會）slashed（砍）its benchmark interest rate（基準利率）to near zero Sunday and said it would buy $700 billion in Treasury（國庫）and mortgage-backed securities（抵押貸款所支持的證券）in an urgent response to the new coronavirus pandemic.
美國聯準會將基準利率調到近乎 0 並宣佈將購買 7 千億美元的美國國債與抵押貸款支持證券，以應對新冠病毒全球傳染

👨🏻‍🏫 浩爾商英教室：降息是各國央行常見提升市場資金流動率的作法，此次顯然是為阻止美股崩盤之勢，且搭配許多措施，應該是量化寬鬆（QE）的前兆。其實在此之前，加拿大、日本、英國和歐洲央行都已率先降息並延長貸款期限

The Fed’s rate-setting committee delivered an unprecedented（前所未見的）second emergency rate cut（緊急利率調降）in as many weeks.
聯準會罕見祭出近幾週內二度緊急調降利率

The Fed, in a series of statements, said it would cut the federal-funds（聯邦基金）rate to a range between 0% and 0.25%, down 1 percentage point, and would buy $700 billion in Treasury and mortgage-backed securities, among other actions.
聯準會在一系列聲明中表示，將把聯邦基金利率下調 1 個百分點，至 0 % - 0.25 % 區間，並將購買 7 千億美元的美國國債與抵押貸款支持證券，還將採取其他行動

“We have responded very strongly not just with interest rates but also with liquidity measures today,” Fed Chairman Jerome Powell said during a press conference Sunday evening, shortly before Asian markets opened.
「我們不僅在利率上有強勢回應，還有流動資金措施」聯準會主席傑洛姆鮑爾在美國時間週日晚間的記者會發言，亦即亞洲股市開市不久前

圖片就是聯準會主席鮑爾先生

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喜歡這個新系列嗎？這次把單字直接用括號放在句中，更便利看前後文，學習單字在句中用法，覺得好讀嗎？

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