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柬埔寨土地權狀有那幾種？
2019年11月27
可以通過柬埔寨產權的四種主要形式之一來確保財產所有權，即：硬產權，軟產權，LMAP產權和分層產權。我們將簡要介紹您要記住的重要事項。

硬卡-\-\硬卡是柬埔寨最強的財產所有權形式，是土地管理和計劃辦公室提供的土地所有權證書。硬標題包含詳細的信息，這些信息已在國土部和有關地籍辦公室的國家級正式認可和認證。土地交易將根據財產總值支付4％的轉讓稅。硬卡轉讓的協助通常需要長達12週的時間

軟卡-\-\軟卡是最常見的所有權形式，也是最常見的柬埔寨土地產權，因為它們轉讓稅款和費用要比硬產權便宜。據估計柬埔寨有85％的財產所有人僅擁有軟卡。在地方政府一級得到認可（Sangkats＆Khans）當地縣或地區辦公室提供，未在國家/地區一級註冊-但仍被視為有效的所有權法律文件。軟標題相對便宜且購買速度更快，轉讓估計需要10到12個工作日

土地管理和行政項目（LMAP）卡-\-\LMAP卡是土地管理，城市規劃​​和建設部（MLMUPC）以及相關地籍辦公室在國家一級發布並認可的另一項財產所有權標題。LMAP標題與硬標題的主要區別在於，它包含確定問題屬性邊界的精確GPS坐標。LMAP標題只能在已在地籍地圖上建立索引的土地上獲得。因此，如果尚未對一塊土地進行索引，則無法為該屬性發布LMAP標題。轉讓後將根據財產總值支付4％的轉讓稅。

地層卡-\-\分層卡是通常用於購買公寓單位的特殊標題，柬埔寨國民和外國國民均可使用。您可以在我們的投資指南中看到其他機制，不一定涉及可用於外國人財產所有權的分層標題。僅當相關物業滿足以下條件時，才能授予層標題：僅適用於2010年及以後建造的建築物，外國人只能擁有建築物或物業總表面積的70％，無法為地下和/或地下的物業頒發地層產權，距離最近的陸地邊界30公里之內的任何財產均不得發行地層產權，共同擁有建築物中的私有所有權（又名“地層”）是最新的所有權形式，允許外國人在柬埔寨合法擁有財產。地層權是一種不太常見的柬埔寨地權，但數量正在快速增長。大多數新的公寓開發項目都提供此類所有權。

柬埔寨土地出售
地點: 4號路距離塔山寺116公里
面積: 共1300 公頃, 路邊100米,適合綜合商業開發
卡別: 硬卡
單價: 5 USD/M2
聯繫: 012473236 張先生 WECHAT ID: j012661511
LINE ID: CAMBODIA 012473236
0973950962 彭先生WECHATID:winson0909691866
LINE ID: CHINA 13862638726
089361886 林先生 (柬語.華語)
登錄時間: 2019/11/24
備註: 如欲採購本土地請聯繫手機,確認您需求後提供詳細資料,含地籍圖,現場照片 ,安排土地現場參觀及後續簽約事宜。

What are the land titles in Cambodia?
November 27, 2019
Property ownership can be secured through one of the four main forms of Cambodian property rights, namely: hard property rights, soft property rights, LMAP property rights and hierarchical property rights. We'll briefly explain what you need to remember.

Hard Card-Hard card is the strongest form of property ownership in Cambodia and is a land ownership certificate provided by the Office of Land Management and Planning. Hard headings contain detailed information that has been formally recognized and certified at the national level by the Department of Homeland and the relevant cadastral office. The land transaction will pay 4% transfer tax based on the total value of the property. Assistance with hard card transfers typically takes up to 12 weeks

Soft cards-Soft cards are the most common form of ownership and the most common type of land property rights in Cambodia because they transfer taxes and fees cheaper than hard property rights. It is estimated that 85% of property owners in Cambodia only own soft cards. Provided by the local county or district office that is recognized at the local government level (Sangkats & Khans), is not registered at the national level-but is still considered a valid legal document of ownership. Soft titles are relatively cheap and faster to buy, and transfers take an estimated 10 to 12 business days

Land Management and Administration Project (LMAP) Card-The LMAP card is another title of property ownership issued and recognized at the national level by the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MLMUPC) and related cadastral offices. The main difference between an LMAP header and a hard header is that it contains precise GPS coordinates that determine the boundary of the problem attribute. LMAP titles are only available on land that has been indexed on a cadastral map. Therefore, if a piece of land has not been indexed, an LMAP title cannot be published for the property. After the transfer, a 4% transfer tax will be paid based on the total value of the property.

Strata Cards-Strata cards are special titles commonly used to buy apartment units, and can be used by both Cambodian and foreign nationals. You can see other mechanisms in our investment guide that don't necessarily involve hierarchical headings that can be used for foreigner property ownership. Tier titles can only be granted if the relevant property meets the following conditions: only applicable to buildings constructed in 2010 and later, foreigners can only own 70% of the total surface area of ​​the building or property and cannot be underground and / or underground properties Issue stratum property rights. No property within 30 kilometers from the nearest land border may issue stratum property rights. The joint ownership of private ownership in buildings (also known as "stratigraphy") is the latest form of ownership, allowing foreigners to legally own in Cambodia. property. Strata rights are a less common type of land rights in Cambodia, but the number is growing rapidly. Most new apartment developments provide such ownership.

Cambodia land for sale
Location: Road 4 is 116 km from Tashan Temple
Area: 1300 hectares, 100 meters by the road, suitable for comprehensive commercial development
Card: Hard card
Price / u: 5 USD / M2
Contact: 012473236 Mr. Zhang WECHAT ID: j012661511
LINE ID: CAMBODIA 012473236
0973950962 Mr. Peng WECHATID: winson0909691866
LINE ID: CHINA 13862638726
089361886 Mr. Lin (Cambodian. Chinese)
Login time: 2019/11/24
Note: If you want to purchase the land, please contact your mobile phone, provide detailed information after confirming your needs, including cadastral maps, on-site photos, arrange site visits and follow-up contract matter

作者特別標出兩種年金險，告知讀者要特別小心。

第一種要特別留意的是Equity-Indexed Annuity(簡寫為EIA)。股市連結年金險。

股市連結年金險承諾保戶一個最低的利率，譬如1-2%，然後，再加上與股市指數相關的獲利。

美國當地的股市連結年金險，大多是與標普500指數連結。

看來來真是太好了，可以提供下跌的保護，又可以參與部分股市的上漲。

問題就在於”部分股市上漲”的部分那兩個字。

買進這種保單後，可以參與多少百分比的股市上漲，取決於各張保單的條款。常見有以下這幾個決定因子:

第一個是Participation rate，參與率。譬如參與率設定是60%。那麼當標普500某年上漲10%時，你只會拿到六成，也就是6%的獲利。

第二個是Cap rate，上限率。譬如這張股市連結年金險的上限率是6%。那麼不管今年標普500是漲20%還是30%，你就是只有6%的獲利。

第三個是Spread，獲利差。指數報酬扣掉Spread才是你拿到的。譬如某張保單設定的Spread是3%，那麼當標普500某一年漲7%時，你會拿到4%的獲利。

假如這些名詞讓你覺得麻煩，更麻煩的地方在於，一張股市連結年金險可以同時使用以上各種限制。

保險公司給你下跌的保護，代價就是，你很可能會以放棄大幅度股市上漲為代價。

富達的研究報告指出，終止於2018年底的十年期間，標普500的年化報酬是13.12%。同期間股市連結年金險帶來的報酬是3.53%。

跟保險公司尋求保證報酬，下跌保護，後果往往就是錯過大筆報酬。

(完整討論，請見今天的文章:https://greenhornfinancefootnote.blogspot.com/2019/04/the-wall-street-journal-complete_30.html)

การใช้ฟังก์ชัน shuffle() เพื่อสลับตำแหน่งข้อมูลในอะเรย์อย่างสุ่ม เช่น การ shuffle ลำดับของเพลงที่ต้องการฟัง
แสดงให้เห็นถึงการ shuffle ทั้ง indexed และ associative arrays

การใช้งาน array_rand() เพื่อสุ่มจำนวนสมาชิกจาก
1) indexed array
2) associative array