以下是merriam-webster字典的解釋
供閣下參考，這樣應該很清楚當中的差異了
個人認為interchange比較強調兩者的位置互換
exchange 比較強調取代、替代、交易(換)的性質。

而實際上exchange時常用在交易相關的領域上
，不過interchange也可以用在交易上XD

兩者皆有『意見』交換、溝通交流的意思@@a

總之使用上沒有那麼絕對XD

interchange
transitive senses 1 : to put each of (two things) in the place of the other
2 : EXCHANGE
intransitive senses : to change places mutually


exchange
transitive senses 1 a : to part with, give, or transfer in consideration of
something received as an equivalent
b : to have replaced by other merchandise
*exchanged the shirt for one in a larger size*
2 : to part with for a substitute
*exchanging future security for immediate pleasure*
3 : to give and receive reciprocally
*exchange gifts*
intransitive senses 1 : to pass or become received in exchange
2 : to engage in an exchange
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