ref: https://levelup.gitconnected.com/why-full-time-programmers-are-decreasing-faster-than-ever-ad67d2697bbf

本篇文章是作者的個人發想文，其透過 StackOverflow's 的年度調查觀察到全職工程師的比例正在逐年下降，從 2019 年的 84.20% 到 2021 年的 80.68%。
相反的是今年的統計有高達 11.21％ 的人表達目前自己是 independent contractors/freelancers。

作者認為以下原因導致全職工程師的數量有愈來愈低
軟體工作有逐漸往 印度/孟加拉/巴基斯坦移動的趨勢
1. Indian Developer 與 US Developer 的薪水差距大概有 5-15 倍
2. 軟體開發是一個可以遠端學習與練習的技能，因此有愈來愈多的公司開出基於短期簽約的工作給印第安/孟加拉等地區的 freelancers。
3. 目前全美大概有 440 萬的工程師，不過估計印度 2023 年就會有高達 520 萬的工程師
4. 印度/南亞會有愈來愈多的簽約工程師

COVID 的全球影響
雖然 COVID 對全球的生態都產生了巨大改變，不過對於工程師來說的影響並沒有其他行業這麼巨大。
根據 Hackreator 的調查，其他行業大概有 20% 的人因為疫情而沒了工作，而工程師大概只有5%不到。
不過要注意的是因為疫情的變化，整個數位產生都有極具的改變，因此也有很多新的職缺因應產業變化而誕生

Freelancers 數量逐漸提高
從 StackOverflow 的調查來看， Freelancers 的數量從 2019 的 9.5% 提升到 2021 的 11.2%。
根據 Upwork's 2017年的調查報告，全美擁有世界最多高達 5800萬的 Freelancers，幾乎佔了全美工作人力的 36%。
Google 本身雇用的 Freelancers 數量甚至也已經超過其全職工作者的數量，大概佔了 54%。

公司想要節省成本。
大部分的公司都不太需要一個長期的全職工作者，很多專案都沒有後期維護與更新的需求，因此相對於雇用長期的全職工作者，雇用短期的 Freelancers 更能夠節省公司
成本。

作者最近才幫某個大公司玩了一個非常非常小的專案，完成該專案後每個月可以獲得 $500 美金的維護費用，作者表示該專案小的幾乎沒有什麼維護需求，就是一個被動收入而已。
文章作者也有分享 LinkedIn 於 2018 分享的文章
該文章中指出
1. 70% 的中小型企業都有與 Freelancers 共事過
2. 參與過的中小型企業中，有 83% 表明這些 Freelancers 的確對公司是有幫助的，而 81% 表明可能會繼續僱用來處理其他專案

預測
作者認為因應遠端工作這一年多的變化，後兩年應該會有愈來愈多的工程師轉為獨立工作者。過往招僱長期全職工作者的一個主要目的就是可以一群人一同於辦公室內激發出高效率的生產模式。
隨者遠端工作逐漸證明 Work From Home 也能夠帶來相對應的高產出，作者認為有不少公司可能會開始考慮雇用 Freelancers 來完成短期專案。

不過作者認為工程師們也不需要太擔心，只要掌握好自己的技能，其實這類型的趨勢不會影響太多。

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Sương sương mấy từ vựng về Môi trường giúp bạn ghi điểm trong bài thi IELTS nhé.

- Contamination (/kənˌtæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/): Sự ô nhiễm

E.g: The contamination of some rivers in the Central part of Vietnam, which has been caused by some companies, has received a great deal of attention from people.

(Ô nhiễm ở một số con sông ở miền Trung Việt Nam, gây ra bởi một số doanh nghiệp, đã nhận được rất nhiều sự chú ý từ người dân.)

- Chemical-free (/ˈkem.ɪ.kəl - friː/): Không có chất hóa học

E.g: We should use chemical-free cosmetics, which might be more costly but they are safe for our health.

(Chúng ta nên sử dụng mỹ phẩm không có hoá chất, có thể đắt hơn một chút nhưng chúng rất an toàn cho sức khoẻ của chúng ta.)

- Soil erosion (/sɔɪl ɪˈroʊ.ʒən/): Sự thoái hóa đất

E.g: Soil erosion can lead to serious consequences, one of which might be the decreasing quality of crops.

(Sự thoái hoá đất có thể dẫn đến hậu quả nghiêm trọng, một trong số đó có thể là sự suy giảm chất lượng của vụ mùa.)

- Ozone depletion (/ˈoʊ.zoʊn dɪˈpliː.ʃən/): Sự suy giảm tầng ô-zôn

E.g: Exhaust fumes from factories, which may do much harm to the air quality, is also one of the main causes that lead to the Ozone depletion.

(Khí thải từ nhà máy, thứ có thể gây hại cho chất lượng không khí, là một trong những nguyễn nhân chính dến đến sự suy giảm tầng ô – zôn.)

- Afforestation (/əˌfɔːr.əˈsteɪ.ʃən/): Sự trồng rừng

E.g: Afforestation should be encouraged in different areas to avoid natural disasters such as drought.

(Trồng rừng nên được khuyến khích ở nhiều khu vực để phòng tránh các thảm hoạ thiên nhiên như lũ lụt.)

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Tháng 9 này, cùng IELTS Fighter Find your Fire - thắp đam mê, kệ Covid, học tập nâng cao kiến thức mỗi ngày nha. Các bạn cùng chờ đón cuộc thi Đại sứ IELTS Junior nè, Livestream học tập mỗi tuần và workshop online siêu thú vị nha. Theo dõi page để cập nhật thông tin nóng thường xuyên nhé.

SIAM is one of the most popular commercial areas in Bangkok.
There are several large commercial facilities such as SIAM PARAGON and MBK CENTER, which are popular shopping malls for tourists.
Normally, events are held at various places.
However, due to the spread of the infection, the government has refrained from selling products at these events.
As a result, the number of visitors to SIAM has been decreasing.

Terminal21 Asok is a popular shopping mall for foreign tourists.
However, the number of customers has been decreasing due to the lack of tourists.
The mall holds events for young people living in Bangkok and people working in Asok.
However, many of the small clothing stores are closing.
It's a shame because many of the stores were small but sold fashionable clothes and fashion items.
As of March, some new stores have opened, and I hope they will attract more customers in the future.

00:00 Terminal21 Asok
00:41 Asok Statin Area
01:26 Terminal21 M floor
02:16 Shopping area for women
12:55 Shopping area for men

前幾天指揮中心拿出一個表格比較各種疫苗之間的好壞，本意是想說AZ其實好棒棒所以大家不用擔心。但結果表格內容我看了一看之後發現結果MODERNA表現最差，每個不良反應比例都比AZ高，那你買五百萬劑還宣傳個半天幹嘛?

但我還是耐心解釋一下，這張表格做錯了，會導致民眾有錯誤的理解。

第一， 疫苗只要過了三期以後，真正致死的機率並不高，重點在於防護力好嗎?防護力低，副作用再低也沒有達到效果啊。不然喝符水好不好?沒甚麼防護力，但也沒有副作用啊?把這個副作用拿出來比較真的沒有意義啦~~~談戀愛有沒有可能被劈腿，難道你就不談戀愛嗎?

第二， 這裡列出來的表格其實是不良反應或是不良事件中的各種症狀的比例，表格做得好像有一半的人打了會有這些反應，這不是嚇死人?所謂的Adverse Event不良事件是在施用藥物產品的患者或臨床研究受試者中發生的任何不利的醫學事件，並且不一定與該治療有因果關係。因此，不良事件可以是與藥品的使用暫時相關的任何不利的和意外的跡象，症狀或疾病，無論是否與藥品有關。參加臨床試驗的患者的AE必須報告給研究發起人，必要時可以報告給當地倫理委員會。【來自維基百科】

第三， 三期實驗的狀況跟實際上臨床的狀況又不一樣啊~~~實驗歸實驗，現實世界的運作回報不良反應的機制有所不同，不是真的很嚴重到回診，其實醫師根本就不會知道，也就不會回報啊，所以要看實際接種的反應才比較準啊。

像是ADZ的這份資料是來自於WHO的三期實驗報告整理: AZD1222 vaccine against COVID-19 developed by Oxford University and Astra Zeneca: Background paper (draft)，有五十二頁大家可以自己去看看，但實驗的內容其實是去年的三期實驗了，不是實際注射之後的結果。

我推薦大家看的是美國的CDC所推出來的疫苗施打第一個月報告，二月十九日出版，熱燙燙非常新。First Month of COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Monitoring — United States, December 14, 2020–January 13, 2021。是他們實際施打疫苗一個月，一千三百萬劑之後的結果，實際上會有不良反應的比例非常低啊，大家不要自己嚇自己~~~

美國接種13794094劑，ADVERSE EVENT:總數6,994，占比0.000506，萬分之五點零六九。輕微不良反應的有6354，0.0004606，萬分之四點六零六，其中22.4%是頭痛，16.5%是疲倦，16.5%是暈眩。

嚴重不良反應的有640人。0.00004639，十萬分之四點六三九，其中回報的死亡案例有113件，其中有78件是在長照機構裡面的成員。

還給你原文夠不夠意思The most frequently reported adverse reactions were injection site tenderness (63.7%), injection site pain (54.2%), headache (52.6%), fatigue (53.1%), myalgia (44.0%), malaise (44.2%), pyrexia (includes feverishness (33.6%) and fever ＞38°C (7.9%)), chills (31.9%), arthralgia (26.4%) and nausea (21.9%). The incidence of subjects with at least one local or systemic solicited event after any vaccination was highest on day 1 following vaccination, decreasing to 4% and 13 %, respectively, by day 7. The most common systemic solicited AEs at day 7 were fatigue, headache and malaise.

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