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February 26, 2020
研究表明基礎設施的改變鼓勵可持續行為
Study Shows Changes to Infrastructure Encourage Sustainable Behaviour
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Summary:
To overcome various environmen...
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February 26, 2020
研究表明基礎設施的改變鼓勵可持續行為
Study Shows Changes to Infrastructure Encourage Sustainable Behaviour
.
Summary:
To overcome various environmental challenges that our world is facing, radical changes in the way we consume goods and travel are required. While this statement holds true, a new study published in the journal One Earth reveals that even slight changes to infrastructure can trigger a tipping point where people collectively adopt sustainable behaviours.
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Using computer simulation of interactions between individuals and environments, the study examined how sustainable behaviours are shaped by available infrastructure as well as personal factors like attitudes, lifestyles, and interpersonal relationships. Copenhagen, a city with well-developed cycling infrastructure, was used as a case study.
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The results indicated that as long as individuals are given more opportunities to behave sustainably, such as an increase in the number of cycling paths, they are more likely to do so – even if it is just a small increase. This is because the environment encourages them to develop such good habits. Better still, others tend to copy their behaviour. In the long term, important societal shifts can be achieved.
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In view of the above findings, city planners are advised to design environments in ways that promote sustainable behaviours. Since our planet is degenerating at an alarming speed, what has become clear is that we do not need another shopping mall which encourages excessive consumption.
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Language Enhancement:
tipping point (n.) (臨界點)
tipping point「臨界點」即是忍受極限的意思，常配合 reach/approach/near 等動詞使用。
e.g. The workers’ discontent with their company has reached a tipping point.
e.g. Medical staff shortage is at a tipping point. —————————————————
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consumption動詞 在 學校沒教的英語聽力 Facebook 的最讚貼文
Ep.19單字補給⛽(PARTll)
＃這個單字學完請簽到！看你可以收集幾個簽到好寶寶
👩🏫Stephanie老師怎麼說👩🏫
👉動詞是purify，淨化的意思
purified (adj.) 淨化的，過濾的
✏Example sentence:
Public drinking water is purified to make water safe for human consumption.
公共飲用水是過濾過的，能讓人們安心飲用
🔗例句出處: Healthline
https://bit.ly/3nORDbg
＃歡迎收聽_學校沒教的英語聽力
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#學校沒教的英語聽力
#聽力是語言學習的根本
#學校沒教沒關係
#我們來教你
#每週日更新_期待你的英文語言大爆炸
#英文 #英聽
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#美國
#歐洲
#文化差異
#我是Stephanie老師
consumption動詞 在 浩爾譯世界 Facebook 的最佳貼文
【每日國際選讀】
⚔️ 矛盾的中國，風險波及台灣
台灣有關單位是否有警覺？
開啟「接收通知」和「搶先看」每天吸收雙語時事新知
來讀華爾街日報獨家
🔥 Amid Coronavirus Pandemic, China Bans（禁止） Domestic Trade of Wild Animals, but Offers Tax Breaks（稅務減免） for Exports
中國禁止境內野生動物交易，卻鼓勵相關產品出口至海外
tax breaks 不是休息，而是稅務減免
🐒 China disapproves of ‘recklessly eating wild animals’ as its Finance Ministry offers incentives（優惠） to ship them abroad
中國不贊同濫食野生動物，同時財政部祭出口稅優惠
🧐 Chinese authorities（機關單位） have shut down domestic wild animal traders on fears their goods sparked（引發） the coronavirus pandemic. Now officials are offering tax incentives（稅務優惠） to the multibillion-dollar animal-products industry to ship（運送） some of the creatures overseas, according to Chinese government documents.
因為擔心野生動物販子的商品是引發全球流行新冠疫情的原因，中國相關部門下令禁止國內的野生動物交易。但根據中國政府文件，官方目前正為價值數十億美元的動物製品產業提供稅務優惠，鼓勵將部分野生動物產品運往海外。
shut down 關閉，代表禁止
spark 點燃，此指引發
❌ China’s National People’s Congress on Feb. 24 imposed（頒布） a ban（禁令） on the sale and consumption of wild animals in the country.
中國全國人民代表大會2月24日頒布禁令，禁止在國內銷售和消費野生動物。
impose a ban 頒布禁令
🐍 Less than a month later, China’s Ministry of Finance（財政部） and tax authority（稅務機關） said on March 17 they would raise（提高） value-added tax rebates （增值稅退稅）on nearly 1,500 Chinese products, including offering a 9% rebate on the export of animal products such as edible snakes and turtles, primate meat, beaver and civet musk, and rhino horns, a Chinese government document shows.
不到一個月後，一份中國政府文件顯示，中國財政部和稅務部門3月17日表示，將提高對近1500種中國產品的增值稅退稅，包括對可食用蛇和鱉、靈長類動物的肉、水獺和麝香以及犀牛角等動物產品出口，將提供9%的退稅。
value-added tax 增值稅，常縮寫為VAT，是一種消費稅，基於商品或服務的增值而徵收的間接稅
rebate 當名詞重音在前，動詞重音在後，此為名詞
未完待續...
報導後續提到，台灣也跟此息息相關，有相關風險！
加入文末每日國際選讀計畫，解鎖完整語音導讀版
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原文連結請看留言
——
❓Quiz: The tax authority would ______ value-added tax ______ on…nothing. I don’t know what to make of it.
🙋🏻♀️🙋🏼♀️稅務機關沒有要提高增值稅的退稅。我不知道要說什麼好。
A. raise, rebates
B. catch, bats
C. rise, rebates
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教你詞彙怎麼唸，怎麼用
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consumption動詞 在 翻譯這檔事 Facebook 的精選貼文
花博絮語：從不請專業口譯到官網文宣菜英文——臺中宣言
花博又「花現」問題！
（「花現GNP」是花博宣傳口號 XD）
談談臺中市府官網宣傳《臺中宣言》的英文標題，見圖。
原版：累贅、不像樣的的台式菜英文：
《Taichung Declaration》has redefined the GNP Promote and raise the proposal for Green, Nature and People
設法順著原標題想表達的意思改成及格的英文：
The Taichung Declaration has redefined the pursuit of GNP growth in a new proposal of Green, Nature, and People
英文雖然對了，但仍累贅，沒有標題的樣子。
再改，使其精簡易懂，有標題樣：
The Taichung Declaration redefines GNP as Green, Nature, and People
最後這標題比較令人滿意，簡明、有重點、有哏。
* 重點明確：臺中宣言提出GNP新定義
* 明示GNP所代表的新名，但細節賣關子
* 藉此吸引讀者閱讀內文一探究竟
原標題在文法、寫作上的問題：
* 英文不存在中文新式書名號《……》
* 亂用動詞原形raise，不合文法
* 「GNP Promote」是啥？看似想表達「GNP提升」、「提升GNP」？就算視爲一個方案名，這也是糟糕的台式英文，正如Taiwan(,) Touch Your Heart 給人的感覺，無法端上國際。
問題出在把不合文法的動詞原形 promote、touch 一路用到底，不管意思如何，這顯示英語尚在牙牙學語階段，尚無動詞變化的意識和能力。
爲何 GNP Promote 是菜英文？進一步佐證：
請上 Google 搜索 "GNP Promote" （記得加英文引號），出現百餘條結果，清一色與「臺中宣言」有關，細查其實皆出自同一則臺中政府官方英文新聞文章，即本文探討的文章標題。難道「提升GNP」這概念在全人類有英語記錄的歷史中，是臺中市府首推？當然不！更合理的推論是：
一、像樣的英文不是這樣寫。
二、不像樣的這個英文表達，在全宇宙為臺中市府獨創。
這篇文宣，判斷又是不重視翻譯專業的結果。其實，有待批評的英文書寫問題還多著，有興趣的讀者不妨一讀，親自感受一下。
正如不久前逢甲大學一位外國英語教授針對「英語列爲第二官方語言」的計畫投書賴院長，批評這做法是緣木求魚，我也認爲台灣政府各層級應該檢討是否真已準備好，有能力拿出像樣的對內、對外的英語書寫。答案好像不證自明。
以下轉錄臺中官網全文，先是介紹何謂臺中宣言，後是臺中宣言英文版。（連結見留言）
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《Taichung Declaration》has redefined the GNP Promote and raise the proposal for Green, Nature and People
Issued by Information Bureau Date:2018-04-19
Taichung will conduct World Flora Expo in November. Green productivity proposed by the City Government was based on the Flora Expo addressed concepts of Green productivity, Nature sustainability and People with Green-ability.「Taichung Declaration」is aiming for inviting 100 cities to sign up. Taichung City Mayor, Chia-lung Lin has signed the declaration with Changwon City Mayor, Ahn Sang-soo tonight at Masan Baseball Stadium in South Korea, he also kicked off the starting game for the Taiwanese baseball pitcher, Weichung Wang, who is working currently in South Korea. It’s very meaningful to have Changwon City as the first city to sign up to the Taichung Declaration.
The theme of 2018 Taichung World Flora Expo is「Exploring GNP」 which change the old meaning of GNP as Gross National Product. Redefined GNP now means Green productivity, Nature sustainability and People with Green-ability for pursuing green productivity and facilitating the ecological eternity and embrace the nature in addition to pursuing the technological development. to make people’s living better. We wish to promote and raise the awareness of enhanced collaborations between international societies because this is the only way to connect people to help each other for sharing the goodness and prosperity for the world. (4/11*11)*Information Bureau.
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Taichung Declaration：
《Taichung Declaration》
A New Proposal for GNP
Have you ever thought about that, sound of blooming, could be heard?
Modern people are busy in earning their livings when they are pursuing the development of economics and technologies. They’ve been too busy to see things through so they’ve forgotten to listen to the hearts, realize the nature how close they are relying on the environment.
In 2018, let’s find out the balance for ourselves, let’s listen to the whispers of the nature, let’s listen to the happy sounds of the blooming, we can feel the the value of life and how great to be alive. After all, the meaning of life is to make the world better.
2018 Taichung World Flora Expo will raise a new proposal for GNP. GNP has it’s own life and means Green, Nature and People so it is no more a neutral number of Gross National Product. GNP stands for green productivity and facilitating the ecological eternity to make people’s living better.
It’s the time to move forwards, it’s the time to look back to the past. When we move forwards to develop the smart technologies in the future, we should remember to turn to embrace the nature again to facilitate the ecological eternity. We believe the prosperity and environmental protection can exist concurrently while the technologies can live with the nature.
Green Productivity
City in green and green in the city. The economical growth traded off by the environment will no more last as we know quite well how to play the role as one of the members in the global village. By applying green technologies, reducing energy consumption and create the shared resources to construct a sustainable city with green production and green economics as the backbone.
Nature Sustainability
The mountain geography left from the ice age and the recent wetland scenes formed by the waves and tides are all the low polluted ecological environment and diverse biological systems we would like to sustain. We will never pay the price of nature to pursue the technological prosperity again. We will rebuild the tight connections between people and nature to find back the harmony and balance between people and nature.
People with Green-ability
We are anticipating people will develop their green concepts and capabilities. Such trivial things as personal thought, diet, living and action or big scope as urban construction and future development, all of them will become the group energy of Green to contribute to the international society. So-called green concepts is to implement the actions, including respect the varieties and embrace diversity. No matter in the aspects of culture, race, politics, education or religion, we will maintain the old traditions and develop the innovations to share a better future with everyone. The aesthetics of living is to live with varieties and grow with the compatibilities.
We believe,
The perfect balance among production, ecology and living can be obtained.
Listen to the nature, connect with the society and link to the world.
Collaborate and facilitate the development of international non-government organizations.
Create the new model of urban management.
Because we connect with each other,
We will share the achievements and good results.
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