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[爆卦]confusion用法是什麼？優點缺點精華區懶人包

雖然這篇confusion用法鄉民發文沒有被收入到精華區：在confusion用法這個話題中，我們另外找到其它相關的精選爆讚文章

在 confusion用法產品中有3篇Facebook貼文，粉絲數超過27萬的網紅AMC 空中美語，也在其Facebook貼文中提到， 前天才提到混淆兩字，大家知道「混亂💫」的英文可以怎麼說嗎？ chaos (n.) 混亂；無秩序狀態 mess (n.) 凌亂的狀態；一團糟 confusion (n.) 困惑；混亂狀態 disorder (n.) 失調；雜亂；凌亂 disturbance (n.) 干擾；騷亂；引起騷動的事物 更...

「confusion用法」的推薦目錄
  • AMC 空中美語

    confusion用法 在 AMC 空中美語 Facebook 的最佳貼文

    2021-04-09 08:00:02
    有 58 人按讚

    前天才提到混淆兩字，大家知道「混亂💫」的英文可以怎麼說嗎？
    　
    chaos　(n.) 混亂；無秩序狀態
    mess　(n.) 凌亂的狀態；一團糟
    confusion　(n.) 困惑；混亂狀態
    disorder　(n.) 失調；雜亂；凌亂
    disturbance　(n.) 干擾；騷亂；引起騷動的事物
    更多單字精準用法都在ED 4月號！
    　
    🎊賀🎊《English Digest實用空中美語》完全命中110年學測閱讀測驗第45至48題🎯！準備考試就要來一本💯
    📢 12期雜誌原價$2,640，現在只要$1,680‼ http://q.english4u.net/shopprod_ed
    #跟定AMC搞定ABC #空中美語 #美語教學 #英文學習

  • 北歐心科學 NordicHearts

    confusion用法 在 北歐心科學 NordicHearts Facebook 的精選貼文

    2018-03-12 01:34:09
    有 17 人按讚


    [Science and Communication]
    我還在讀本科時，年少無知，覺得做科學，應該不拘小節，論文、Poster、PowerPoint 等，只應在乎內容而非「格式」。只要內容好，科學準確，排版、字體、用色、甚至錯字都無所謂。

    後來發現，科學領域內，傳訊十分重要，而且匯報是展現研究成果，注意細節，才是敬業樂業的表現。所以儘管本人視覺藝術天份奇差，也開始留意設計原理，也開始注意行內設計，才發現到處都是災難級的設計。

    最近寫博士學位的期中報告，就Typography我已用了大半天參考不同文章。雖然對設計師來說可能見笑，但我這初哥已經盡力。最後Headings一致用無腦Helvetica，內文用Garamond，古典但優雅，讀起來才有可信、已確定(established) 的感覺，DNA序列用Courier，字距一致才容易做DNA並列對比。大家的論文又用什麼字體呢？（不才，懂設計的朋友請指教）

    對於我這種設計白痴，中央聖學子的貼文都很啟蒙。從事科學的朋友，我們該好好注意自己的設計了，你的poster有犯這些錯誤嗎？

    【Typography Matters】（營養長文!!!）香港美術及設計教育，一直以來都麻麻地重視 Typography（字體排印學）。近十多年遇着個別有熱誠有才能嘅教育工作者，偶爾會有小陽春，業界亦好視乎個別執業者取向；但整體上，香港地無論學院抑或業內，重視 Typography 嘅人，實屬小眾，practise 得好嘅，更係少之又少。個人電腦普及前，字體應用及排印，都必定交由專業人士負責，質素衰極有個譜；然而，差不多係人都識用 Word、Excel、小畫家等軟件打字、畫圖、列印、發佈後，因差劣 Typography 而引發嘅溝通錯誤及視覺污染——自文字及印刷術發明以來——係史上最最最最嚴重的。

    科技賦予人類能力，但冇賦予知識。人人用電腦揀字款打字排版做所謂「文書處理」，但當中有幾多個懂得基本 Typography？或，當中有幾多個知道有「Typography」呢樣嘢呢？記得留學時老師講過，或許設計上有好多範疇都冇甚麼絕對黑白對錯，但係响 Typography 嘅領域，有唔少理論及應用係黑白分明對錯有特定準則的。「靚囉」好少會出自 typographer 把口。

    早前有人留意到康文署有套經過精心設計嘅温文意雅告示標語橫額，甚為破格，引來網上小眾討論。今日陽光普照，離開鍵盤，到赤柱走走，畀我發現咗啲嘢。特意寫兩句與大家分享一下。🙂

    ［Layout］
    求其粗疏地响聖士提反灣周圍𥄫𥄫，做咗個微型 visual audit，諗住學下嘢。Woow～！真係獲益良多，原來而家尖端標示設計嘅 typography 已經同我以前學嗰套好有距離。首先（見圖由上至下左至右），大大塊告示板，個 layout 唔似有 grid，相當 dynamic，四個主標示 zig zag 咁放，size 不大，語氣和善，活潑可人，綠綠藍藍與泳灘氣氛連成一片。

    ［Hyphen］
    Typography 中，英語 punctuation（標點符號）往往最被忽略。「Please - No Kite-flying」三個字中有兩個 hyphens，「Kite-flying」嗰個冇咩問題，怪就怪在「Please」之後嗰個。因為 hyphen 一般用作 compound terms 或 word division，當破折號或冒號咁用好似比較罕見。

    //
    For most writers, the hyphen’s primary function is the formation of certain compound terms. Compound terms are those that consist of more than one word but represent a single item or idea.

    In professionally printed material (particularly books, magazines, and newspapers), the hyphen is used to divide words between the end of one line and the beginning of the next. This allows for an evenly aligned right margin without highly variable (and distracting) word spacing.
    //

    同中文標點好唔同，英文類似破折號嘅短小橫線標點有三種：hyphen (-), en dash (–), em dash (—)，長度不一功能各異，唔可以亂用。

    //
    The en dash (–) is slightly wider than the hyphen (-) but narrower than the em dash (—). The typical computer keyboard lacks a dedicated key for the en dash, though most word processors provide a means for its insertion.
    //

    長話短說，日常應用嚟講 en dash 多數用嚟當「至」咁用，如日期或時間，「2005–2018」，「9:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m.」。正統前後冇 space，但我覺得若嫌太迫，kern 疏少少都無傷大雅。至於當破折號（或冒號）以作補充之用就應該用最長嘅 em dash。

    //
    The em dash is perhaps the most versatile punctuation mark. Depending on the context, the em dash can take the place of commas, parentheses, or colons—in each case to slightly different effect.

    Notwithstanding its versatility, the em dash is best limited to two appearances per sentence. Otherwise, confusion rather than clarity is likely to result.

    Do not mistake the em dash (—) for the slightly narrower en dash (–) or the even narrower hyphen (-). Those marks serve different purposes and are further explained in other sections.
    //

    ［Apostrophe］
    Prime mark (') 同 apostrophe (’)，前者係小直劃，後者係升高咗嘅𢭃號，再想發揮創意都唔應該用錯。鍵盤碼點打，呢度唔多講嘞，自己 google 啦。

    ［a.m. and p.m.］
    「a.m.」、「p.m.」係拉丁文「ante meridiem」同「post meridiem」嘅縮寫，所以正寫應該係細階兼有點點。但係設計上有時想省略簡化正寫達至美感要求，我覺得响意思唔被干擾下，可以接受。但時間數字與 am 或 pm 中間，應該有 space，連埋寫成一個字咁會怪怪，尤其出現於正統聲明。

    ［Title Case vs Sentence Case］
    究竟幾時用 title case，即每個字頭都大階；幾時先用 sentence case，即只得第一個字大階？！我有啲亂。我嘗試觸摸個 pattern，可能我資質太差，花咗成日都徒勞無功。

    ［Text Justification］
    忽左忽右，我估本 guidelines 肯肯定有說明點用法，只係我呢個路人未察覺箇中奧妙而已。「Dangerous Goods Store」，畀我會將「Goods Store」排埋一行，以意思 break line 嘛。不過人哋咁排法，一定有 concept。

    最後，發覺大標示板係用 Helvetica，小標語則用 Arial，當中有咩精心佈局或創意我唔敢亂估，只覺得呢種字款運用嘅 fusion 很富本地混雜視覺文化特色，好可愛。☺️

    … … … … … … … … …

    早前相關康文署標示淺評：
    https://www.facebook.com/…/a.1015316723…/10159910797350570/…

    Source & reference:
    http://www.thepunctuationguide.com/hyphen.html
    http://www.thepunctuationguide.com/en-dash.html
    http://www.thepunctuationguide.com/em-dash.html
    http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/…/HyphensE…/faq0002.html

  • Eric's English Lounge

    confusion用法 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳貼文

    2016-09-06 20:00:00
    有 144 人按讚

    [詞彙區別] constitute, compose, consist of, comprise, account for, make up 的區別

    ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

    詞彙區別: http://wp.me/p44l9b-16B

    ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

    在寫作的時候，有些同學為了避免重複使用相同的詞彙，卻選用了意義上不盡相同的詞，而無法精確地表達出自己所想傳達的想法。這問題很可能來自於考生平時在語言學習上過於依賴中英翻譯，因此在不夠了解某些詞彙精準的用法的情況下，很容易造成讀者的誤解。

    為了幫助同學增加詞彙量並且精確地在口說和寫作上使用這些字，我建議同學們不要一開始的時候就死記硬背一群同義詞彙 (e.g. decline, decrease, diminish, dwindle, reduce, alleviate) 。雖然如此做會快速幫同學累積對這些詞的認知，可是認知都會停留在模糊階段。建議同學先熟悉其中一兩個單詞以後在開始累積相關的同義詞彙，也應該用搭配詞跟片語加上完整的例句和短文來輔助自己對單詞的理解。同時同學們也應該在使用這些單詞之前先查查字典，更進一步了解這些詞彙的使用方式。

    ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

    1. constitute: to constitute something is to form a whole, especially of dissimilar components: Love and hate can constitute a balanced relationship.

    constitute 所“構成”的事物在屬性和特徵上，亦或在組織上，與組成成分是一致的。

    -Seven days constitutes a week (七天構成一個星期。).

    ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

    2. Compose: to compose means the same as to constitute, but implies that the components have something in common: Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.

    在表示“由……材料構成”時，見於被動語態；在用於主動語態時，一般它所表示的“構成”或“組成”總包含著融合為一，而且主語或者是複數名詞或者是集體名詞。

    -Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. (混凝土由水泥、砂、石子與水摻和而構成。 )

    -Mere facts, when badly stated, do not compose a good book. (僅僅有資料，如果陳述得很糟糕，並不能組成一本好書)

    ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

    3. account for: 說明（原因、理由等）; 導致，引起; （在數量、比例上）; 占 (e.g. This group accounted for 60% of the population.)

    (在數量、比例上）占

    These products, in total, account for about 80％ of all our sales (這些產品總共約占我們全部銷售額的80％。).

    ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

    4. make up: 組成 to combine together to form something [= constitute]:

    -Women make up only a small proportion of the prison population. 女人只佔監獄人口的一小部分。

    -The committee is made up of representatives from every state (委員會由每個州的代表組成的。).

    -Children makes up only 10% of the population (兒童只佔人口的10％。).

    ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

    5. consist of: to consist of something is to be made up of it: A lethal dose of nerve agent VX consists of only 10 milligrams.

    consist of 的含義與被動語態的 compose 相同

    -Though the costume consists only of a sheet, it was very effective. (雖然那件化裝服裝僅由一條床單組成，但效果很好。)

    -This group consists of men, women, and children.
    (這個小組由男人，女人和孩子們組成的。).

    ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

    6. comprise: to comprise something has the same meaning as to consist, often implying that the whole is regarded from the point of view of its individual parts: The chain is comprised of many links, and is only as strong as its weakest.

    comprise 在表示“構成”時，其內涵是“包括”或“覆蓋”*

    -The committee comprises men of widely different views (這個委員會由見解甚為懸殊的人組成。).

    ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

    從這些動詞的意思來看，若要表示數個個體或項目組成一個整體時，我們可用 compose 或 constitute。

    England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland compose/constitute the United Kingdom.

    (英格蘭、威爾斯、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭組成了聯合王國。)

    ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

    若要表示一個整體是由個數個體或項目所組成時，我們可用 comprise* 或 consist of / be composed of 。

    (compose 經常用於被動態，而以 be composed of 的型式出現，意思和用法跟 consist of 完全一樣。)

    -The United Kingdom comprises*/consists of/is composed of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

    (聯合王國是由英格蘭、威爾斯、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭所構成)

    ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

    詳細的說明: http://www.learnerhall.org/2012/12/consist-of-compose-contain-comprise.html

    ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

    *在這幾個字當中，僅 comprise 兼具其他字的意思，但它也是最麻煩、最讓人困擾的字。英語 評論人士強烈反對 comprise 被用作 constitute 的意思以及 comprise 以被動態形式 be comprised of 來表示 consist of 的意思，所以對於 Fifty states comprise the United States. (五十個州組成了美國) 和 The United States is comprised of fifty states. (美國是由五十個州所組成) 這樣的句子結構，他們期期以為不可，而堅持只有 The United States comprises fifty states. 才是唯一正確的用法。但他們反對的這兩種用法其實早已是不 折不扣的標準英語，一些新版的字典甚至將 be comprised of 堂而皇之地列為片語，如 The course is comprised of ten core modules. (這門課是由 10 個核心單元組成)。然而，在公說公有理，婆說婆有理，各有堅持的情況下，在此建議：若使用 comprise 會讓你覺得心虛或沒把握，那麼不妨使用它的同義詞，也就是沒有爭議的 constitute, consist of 或 be composed of 來代替之。

    *An interesting history of sense development concerning the word comprise has caused confusion, if not hate for the word itself. The most common mistake is confusing consist and comprise with each other. To say A lethal dose of nerve agent VX comprises of only 10 milligrams, is wrong because it is not analyzed from each separate component or milligram, but rather as a whole dose. In fact, there is a lot of skepticism and criticism of the word “comprise” all together. “None of the many neat schemes purporting to describe its correct use seems accurately to describe the way Standard English users actually employ comprise.” (Bartleby) Thus it is suggested to use constitute and/or compose as active verbs, while consists and/or includes as passive. However, if your use of the word can clearly indicate its context, separate from the its other accepted use, choosing a substitute is not necessary.

    Also, ”Comprises” is "better" grammar than ”is comprised of.” “The whole comprises multiple parts” is better than, “The whole is comprised of multiple parts.” Even better though is, “Multiple parts comprise the whole."

    ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

    Sources:
    http://www.bartleby.com/68/3/1403.html
    http://bulo.hjenglish.com/question/33021/
    http://blog.cybertranslator.idv.tw/archives/2590
    http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/dictionaries/english/data/d0081813.html
    http://www.learnerhall.org/2012/12/consist-of-compose-contain-comprise.html
    http://everything2.com/title/consist%252C+comprise%252C+constitute%252C+or+compose

    More sentences:
    -The pie chart consists of/comprises of the percentages of four different fuel sources used in electricity production.

    -Electricity (that is) produced with coal composed/constituted/accounted for 50% of the total electricity (that is)produced.

    ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

    contain vs. include:
    Contain: Something is considered to be within something else.

    The toy contains many small moving parts. ->The small moving parts are a part of the toy.

    Include: Something is added to something else, possibly containing it, possibly not.

    -This toy includes batteries. -> The batteries are not a part of the toy. They just come with the toy.

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