《快訊》美國FDA批准對免疫低下的人施打第三劑疫苗

美國食品和藥物管理局週四授權為一些免疫系統較弱的人接種第三劑輝瑞 BioNTech 和 Moderna 的冠狀病毒疫苗，讓醫生有更多的餘地來保護那些對兩劑疫苗反應不夠的人。

FDA授權以更新兩種疫苗現有緊急使用授權形式，適用於接受器官移植的人，和其他免疫系統受損的人。

FDA的決定是在疾病管制與預防中心CDC獨立諮詢委員會考慮並投票做出決定前一天先批准：CDC委員會可能很快會批准對注射額外劑量的認可。

“FDA尤其意識到免疫功能低下的人特別容易罹患嚴重COVID-19疾病，”FDA 的珍妮特伍德科克博士說明。

專員在一份聲明中表示 “在以數據進行徹底審查後，F.D.A.確定這個脆弱群體可能會從第三劑輝瑞 BioNTech 或 Moderna 疫苗中受益。”

第三劑疫苗的批准開啟了聯邦疫苗監管機構接下來忙碌的工作——以及國家疫苗接種工作的新階段。

下個月初，FDA預計將完全授權批准輝瑞-BioNTech 的疫苗。這很可能會促使私人公司和社會組織提出自行購買及新一波疫苗接種。

私人公司和社會組織一直在等待 FDA 全面授權疫苗，完全清除官方緊急授權疫苗的狀態。

與此同時，政府科學家和監管機構正在努力研究是否進一步對更多美國人施打加強注射，這是一項備受爭議的舉措，許多科學家認為此舉尚未得到數據支持。

但以色列、德國等其他國家已實施或是準備九月施打第三劑疫苗政策。

伍德科克博士在周四的聲明中說：“其他完全接種疫苗的人目前得到了充分的保護，此時不需要額外劑量的 Covid-19 疫苗，”她補充說，該機構“正在積極參與以科學為基礎進行嚴格的程序，以考慮將來是否需要額外的劑量。”

美國是最新一個開始向免疫系統較弱的人提供第三劑疫苗的國家。

自 4 月以來，法國向某些免疫反應低下的人提供了額外的疫苗劑量，德國和匈牙利最近也紛紛效仿。

大約 3% 的美國人由於各種原因削弱了免疫系統，尤其癌症病史者使用的某些藥物（例如類固醇）。

FDA 決定對免疫系統較弱的人群，施打額外劑量的決定是意料之中的。許多科學家認為，免疫功能低下的人群過於多樣化，有些人可能會受到標準疫苗劑量的保護，其他人可能被疫苗保護得很差，甚至無法從額外的第三劑疫苗受益。

研究表明，器官移植等患者介於兩者之間——他們通常對兩劑疫苗幾乎沒有免疫反應，但可以從第三針中受益。

加拿大研究人員最近進行的一項隨機安慰劑對照研究發現，第三劑 Moderna 疫苗可以改善器官移植者的免疫反應。

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/12/us/covid-vaccine-booster-pfizer-moderna.html

(See the end of Chinese paragraphs for English translation.)

今天（6/30）上午品安和 宋國鼎律師 苗栗縣議員 、邱顯智立委一起和代表菲律賓政府的馬尼拉經濟文化辦事處（MECO）留文克代理代表（Gilberto F. Lauengco）、高雄分處賴愛仁處長（Irene S. Ng）、台中分處勞工部比恩賽波主任（Bienvenido. A. Cerbo Jr.）及佳蕊副主任（Rosario C. Burayag）會面，並在下午陪同MECO的貴賓一起到縣府與陳斌山秘書長、勞工及青年發展處彭德俊處長及勞工服務科楊文東科長會談。

苗栗縣內移工共有近2萬3千人，其中產業類移工有1萬5千多人，而菲籍移工就佔苗栗縣移工人數約三分之一。MECO代理代表留文克昨天曾和越南、印尼、泰國的駐台代表開會討論，此行除了關心近期京元電子及盛華仲介處理移工宿舍降載搬遷的問題，與縣府極具爭議性的移工禁足令之外，也提出建立溝通平台的建議，希望透過移工、MECO、仲介/雇主及縣府的共同參與，傾聽移工的訴求，再由MECO和縣府一起與仲介/雇主協調，協助解決相關問題。

今天見到MECO的貴賓們，品安其實覺得很汗顏。過去幾週以來，品安雖然對縣府的移工禁足令提出質疑，也盡力敦促縣府要求仲介和雇主改善宿舍降載過程中產生的問題，但還是發生了許多讓移工朋友權利受損的不愉快事件，甚至鬧上了國際媒體版面。

目前縣府針對移工的禁足令已經取消，回到三級警戒，但接下來京元電子富比一宿舍違法的改善工作仍亟待關注。據瞭解，京元電子和盛華仲介正在尋找適合的宿舍，預計這週末仍有將近四百位移工需要再遷移。這幾天品安也接到許多移工朋友們的訊息，表達不想搬遷的訴求，品安知道移工經歷前一次混亂的降載搬遷都很驚慌，但實在不容許再讓移工朋友們繼續住在有安全疑慮的違法宿舍裡。

台灣移工防疫的工作在中央由勞動部主管，勞動部卻把責任都推到雇主和仲介身上。品安也相信業者們都因此遇到許多困難，這點勞動部真的應該多加油。而苗栗縣移工的狀況接下來將有MECO的協助，希望京元電子和盛華仲介妥善處理好搬遷及防疫的相關工作，品安也會繼續與MECO合作，傾聽移工朋友們的聲音，敦促縣府，大家一起努力。

In Wednesday (June 30) morning, I met with MECO's Acting Resident Representative Mr. Gilberto F. Lauengco, Kaoshiung Extenstion Office's Director Ms. Irene S. Ng, Philippine Overseas Labor Office's Director Mr. Bienvenido. A. Cerbo Jr. and Deputy Director Ms. Rosario C. Burayag along with my councilor colleague and a legislator. I also accompanied MECO's visit to Miaoli County Government the same afternoon, where we met with its Secretary General Chen, Director Peng of Youth and Labor Development Division and the Division's Section Chief Yang of Labor Services.

There are close to 23,000 migrant workers in Miaoli (over 15,000 work as industry labors). Among all these migrant workers, about one third are from the Philippines. Mr. Lauengco had previously discussed this visit with representatives of Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand on Tuesday, and they all expressed concerns through MECO on the issues in relation to the recent capacity reduction and relocation of KYEC and Senhua dormitories, and on the County Government's controversial movement prohibitions against migrant workers. MECO also proposed a communications platform where the participation of workers, MECO, brokers/employers and the County Government could facilitate the workers' voice being heard, and relevant issues could be resolved with MECO and the County Government's joint mediation efforts with the brokers/employers.

I was actually rather embarrassed during the meeting with MECO. Over the past few weeks I have publicly questioned the County Government's movement prohibitions against migrant workers, and have done my best in asking, through the County Government, that the brokers and employers correct the issues resulting from dormitory capacity reduction. Despite this, several incidents still occurred in which the workers' rights were compromised, and were even covered by international media.

The movement prohibition is now cancelled and alert level 3 measures currently apply. However, the corrective actions required in relation to KYEC's Fullbee 1 dormitories, which violate government regulations, still require urgent attention. Sources indicate that KYEC and Senhua are currently looking for suitable replacement dormitories, and are expected to relocate close to 400 workers this weekend. I have received several messages from the workers, who do not wish to be moved, but while I understand that the workers may be shaken after the last chaotic relocation, we really cannot allow them to keep staying at dormitories which are against regulations and with safety concerns.

Epidemic prevention in relation to migrant workers is the jurisdiction of Ministry of Labor in the central government, but the Ministry is placing all responsibilities on the employers and brokers. I understand that all these employers and brokers must have encountered many challenges for this reason, and the Ministry should really work on improvements in this regard. As for Miaoli's migrant workers, MECO will now provide assistance, and I hope that KYEC and Senhua could manage the upcoming relocation and the associated epidemic prevention work. Going forward, I will also continue to work, both with MECO and through the Country Government, on this issue with the workers' voice in mind.

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#文末挑戰多益選擇題📝
推特大量名人帳戶遭駭
比爾蓋茲來要錢？

開啟「接收通知」和「搶先看」每天吸收雙語時事新知
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🐦Widespread Twitter Hack Reaches Bill Gates, Kanye West, Elon Musk, Joe Biden and Barack Obama
大量推特帳戶遭駭，比爾蓋茲、肯爺、馬斯克、拜登及歐巴馬等人遭殃

🌪Twitter was hit with a widespread attack Wednesday that allowed hackers to take over an array of accounts including those of celebrities, politicians and billionaires such as Bill Gates, Kanye West, Joe Biden and Barack Obama, as well as Apple Inc. and other companies.
推特週三遭到大規模網路攻擊，駭客得以入侵一系列名人、政客與億萬富翁的帳戶，如比爾蓋茲、肯伊威斯特

-widespread: 廣泛的、普遍的
-an array of: 一大群、一系列
-take over: 接管、接手

☄️The attack, which security experts called the most significant hacking incident in Twitter’s history, began before 4 p.m. EDT, when compromised accounts—many of them related to the digital currency bitcoin—began posting messages requesting money be sent to cryptocurrency accounts. The attacks quickly spread to additional, more prominent accounts, with the bogus messages sometimes receiving thousands of likes before they were taken down, only to be posted again a short time later, sometimes on the same account.
這次被資安專家稱為推特史上最重大的駭客攻擊事件始於美東時間下午之前，當時遭駭帳戶開始發布推文，要求將錢轉至加密貨幣帳戶，其中許多帳戶跟比特幣有關連。這些攻擊迅速蔓延至更為突出、影響力更大的帳戶，這些假訊息在被撤下之前有時會收到數千讚，短時間內又會再次發布，有時是在同一帳號。

-compromised: 動詞原意有損害、危及含義，此次過去分詞做形容詞用，做受損害的意思
-prominent: 重要的、著名的
-bogus: 假冒的
*EDT: Eastern Daylight Time，美東日光節約時間的意思，日光節約時間需另外換算

🐦Twitter, late Wednesday, said it believed the hackers perpetrated the attack by targeting employees who had access to the company’s internal systems and tools. The hackers may have accessed information or engaged in other malicious activity, Twitter said, adding it was still investigating the incident.
推特週三稍晚表示，他們認為駭客是鎖定具有進入公司系統權限的員工來進行攻擊並獲取資訊或進行惡意活動。推特補充道他們正在調查這起事件。

-perpetrated: 犯(罪)、做壞事
-engage in: 參與、涉入...
-malicious: 惡意的

未完待續...
面對如此重大的事件，推特會如何應對呢？
加入文末每日國際選讀計畫，解鎖完整語音導讀版

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原文連結請看留言
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❓❓多益模擬題❓:
The company has _______ in an ________of fraudulent schemes.
involve, series
engaged, array
involving, archaic

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