#Gramarama🌋 一到relative clause，好多香港人就會錯十萬樣嘢，除咗之後講過用錯relative pronouns之外，大家仲會唔知幾時用comma, 幾時唔洗。 - 首先要知道relative clauses可以分做兩種: defining同non-defining, defining 顧名思義就係要透過嗰個clause去define佢refer嘅嘢(i.e. antecedent), 亦即係話嗰個clause係provide緊necessary information，呢個situation係唔洗用到commas。至於non-defining就係講嗰個clause嘅用處並唔係用嚟define antecedent, 佢俾嘅只係一啲extra information, 幫助理解件事，喺呢個情況我哋會將個clause用commas分隔開main clause。 - 跟住到application, 其實有啲位係比較模糊，例如：”My friend, who’s Japanese, is coming.”同”My friend who’s Japanese is coming.”個difference可以好細，前者係講你有個朋友嚟緊，而你補充佢係個日本人，後者係講你個日本friend嚟緊，而唔係其他國籍，呢度只係emphasis嘅位置不同。 但有啲係個意思會好唔同，例如”Snakes which are poisonous should be avoided.”同”Snakes, which are poisonous, should be avoided.”，前者係講我哋要避開毒蛇(而唔係全部蛇都係毒蛇)，後者係講我哋要避開蛇，因為蛇有毒。喺呢啲情況，就唔淨係強調，而係帶出嚟整個意思唔同。 呢度都有個小hint嘅，就係proper nouns (即係名嗰類)又或者大家都已經知係refer邊個/乜嘢，就會跟non-defining clause多，例如”Dai Dai, who is the founder of Vocabno, is nice.”，因為本身已經知係講邊個(有別the boy, the woman)我哋唔洗用founder of Vocabno去指明邊個係大大，個relative clause只係extra info, 而我地用有commas嘅non-defining clause。 - 除咗writing大家覺得relative clause好難，reading都會有啲影響，如果係有comma(s)嘅relative clause (i.e. non-defining)其實可以先抽起成個comma同comma之間嘅部分，揾返個main clause先，因為relative clause部份只係extra information嚟㗎啫。調轉你writing諗你洗唔洗加comma(s)就係你睇吓你遮住relative clause嗰部分之後會唔會令意思唔完整，會就即係佢可能係necessary info, 咁就唔好加，唔會即係extra, 咁就加啦。 // Reference: Yule, G (1998). Explaining English Grammar. Oxford: OVP . 🐸: The handwritten notebooks, which are ready to be distributed, are truly awesome!!!! 快啲去上兩個post道參加我地既giveaway啦🎁 . #Vocabno #English #DSE #18DSE #2018DSE #19DSE #2019DSE #20DSE #2020DSE #Reading #Writing #Speaking #Wordoftheday #Vocabulary #Expression #Phrase #HKDSE #LiberalStudies #通識 #LS #Dsetips #Linguistics #語言學 #Morphology #JUPAS