【從發散的「中翻英寫作」變成「英文學術寫作」的重要關鍵】

學術寫作要怎樣學得好，可以從好多面向來加強。不管是「學術涵養」、「對該學科理解的深度」、「對文獻的理解、整理方法」、「邏輯」、「對學術出版文化的理解」、「思維清晰度」、「英文能力 (文法、字彙)」、還是「寫作 (段落、篇章掌握、修辭)」 等等的能力。

今天這篇文章以「結構性語塊」的角度來淺談如何 “write like a Harvard professor”。

▍學術寫作當中，充滿著很多的結構性語塊，是不分領域都會使用的。師範大學翻譯所廖伯森教授就曾經說，這些學術結構性語塊的使用，可以讓學術的溝通更有效率 。

下面有 5 組學生的實際寫作例子，讓大家感覺看看，學好這些結構性語塊，可以如何幫助我們聽起來 IQ 爆棚（笑)

學生 1️⃣：We gotta carefully interpret these data because…
調整版：These data must be interpreted with caution in that…

學生 2️⃣：X and Y are totally different in many ways.
調整版：X differs from Y in a number of aspects.

學生 3️⃣：More and more people are getting interested in XXX.
調整版：There has been an increasing interest in XXX.

學生 4️⃣：A lot of people criticized Smith’s meta-analysis.
調整版：Smith’s meta-analysis has been subject to considerable criticism.

▍使用結構性語塊還有一個好處，就是可以「侷限」住我們的表達內容。為什麼會說是好處呢？如果不了解學術文化，有些內容或想法表達可能會不太適當。我們來看看學生 5 的例子。

學生 5️⃣：Although the method is safe and effective, it is not perfect.
調整版：Despite its safety and efficacy, the method suffers from some limitations.

學生不見得能從「不完美」轉換成思維「有缺點、有限制」，但因為結構性語塊，我們可以「制約」一些相較不符合學術寫作特色的文字。

為了因應眾多學生的要求，我在 3/21 (日) 加開了一場「英語學術寫作」的免費公開課。不管是現任研究生、即將要變成研究生、工作上會用到學術寫作、或是對加強學術寫作能力有需求的你，都歡迎來聽聽！

公開課一秒報名：https://www.accupass.com/event/2103130735221904331353

時間：3/21 (日) 2:30 pm - 4:00 pm (2:00 pm 入場)
地點：台北市中山區朱崙街60號2F (MRT 南京復興站)

🖐🏽 五分鐘來關心國際時事— 挑戰性別規範 🇰🇿 🇰🇷

📘《Ken的文法筆記 I.》一月出售(詳置頂貼文)

📰 The K-pop inspired band that challenged gender norms in Kazakhstan
韓國男團挑戰哈薩克性別規範

They made their debut as a boy band, expecting to create music and amass fans along the way. Instead they were met with anger, protests and even threats.

這篇文章關於哈薩克斯坦(Kazakhstan)男孩樂隊(boy band)。這對樂隊是給韓國流行音樂(K-pop)所啓發的，目的是創造音樂(create music)和累積粉絲(amass fans)，結果他們遇到憤怒 (anger)、抗議 (protests)和威脅 (threats)，原因是他們挑戰性別規範（challenge gender norms）。

They perform choreographed dance routines, sing addictive tunes and have shockingly slick music videos - and no, we're not talking about a K-pop group.
This is Q-pop, or Qazaq-pop - an up and coming pop genre in Kazakhstan, which all started with one band, Ninety One.

這兩段介紹了哈薩克斯坦的有前途的流行文化類型(up and coming pop genre)，跟K-pop差不多：給刻意安排的舞蹈動作(choreographed dance routines)、上癮的曲調 (addictive tunes)和華而不實的音樂錄像 (slick music videos)。

But the band has not only made a name for itself through its music.
It also made a huge statement when its five androgynous looking members - complete with long hair, guyliner and makeup, burst onto the scene in the deeply conservative country - and challenged its gender norms.

這對樂隊不是因爲音樂成名(make a name)，而是因為他們的外形：雌雄同體樣子的(androgynous looking)、長髮(long hair)、給男性使用的眼線液 (guyliner) 和化妝(makeup)。

In 2014, an entertainment group in Kazakhstan held a singing competition - looking for talented individuals who could form a band.
Four boys - A.Z. and Zaq were selected, with Bala and Alem cast separately. They were joined by Ace, who had come from South Korea's famous SM Entertainment - the group behind some of the country's most popular K-pop acts.

"We became a team, wrote songs together, learned to dance and perform, and finally... debuted when we were ready," the band told the BBC in an email interview.

這幾段介紹樂隊的由來，部分成員來自一個唱歌比賽 (singing competition)，其中一名成員是韓國人。

But the band's producer and the man responsible for creating the group, Yerbolat Bedelkhan, wanted more than just one band.
His aim was to create a whole new genre of music in Kazkahstan, known as Q-pop, or Qazaq pop, inspired by K-pop.
Although it has now swept the globe, back in 2014 K-pop was arguably less well known in the West although it had a massive Asian following.

樂隊製作人(producer) 希望創造一個全新音樂類型 (a whole new genre of music)，他參考的K-pop的經驗，在2014年K-pop在西方不是很知名 (well known)。

"Ninety One were conceptualised as a domestic version of K-pop and to some extent are a manufactured group," said Megan Rancier, Associate Teaching Professor of Ethnomusicology at Bowling Green State University.

But when they made their debut, their appearance was a shock to many in the highly conservative country.
"The boys dressed in brighter colours, skinny jeans... their style was more provocative," Mr Bedelkhan told the BBC.
"When they went outside they were dressed in a way that people in the street don't usually dress. In our country, it's not accepted that men can dress brightly."

樂隊成員過的穿著在一個非常保守的國家 (a highly conservative country) 是個震撼 (shock)，他們的風格被視爲挑釁的 (provocative)。

People were so scandalised there were even protests, demanding the cancellation of their concerts and calling them "gay".
"People in Kazakhstan are very protective of what they believe Kazakh men and women look like," Aizada Arystanbek, a Kazakhstani gender-related issues specialist told the BBC.

"People's bodies and behaviour is policed by the public in a sense that there is always this notion of 'Is that a Kazakh thing to do?'"
Many of those who protested were young men.

"My father served in the army. When I show his photo, I am proud to say that... he's a real man. What about Ninety One?" one student against Ninety One says in a documentary about Q-pop, titled "Face the Music".

"I can't say they are not men, but they can't be called men either."

當地人要求樂隊取消演唱會(cancel concerts)和稱他們是同性戀(gay)，很多抗議人士是年輕男人，他們不接受樂隊成員的外表。

全文請至
https://reurl.cc/Q7nDeo

📘【Ken的高頻單字筆記 I】
購買辦法：https://is.gd/H8W7Qj

👨‍🏫【實用英語扎根培訓】
課程網址：https://reurl.cc/m95QDl

🎊上則貼文中獎名單
📮詹貝翎
📮黃阿喵
📮黃翠萍

(請私訊您的真實姓名 + 電話+地址，之前得過明信片的學員請告知國家，避免重複)
🎁 領獎期限: 01/09 20:00

#英文作文常見錯誤
讀看看以下三個句子，你看的出來哪裡不對嗎？
1. I didn’t study, I got an A on the test.
2. Because I didn’t have breakfast this morning, so I’m hungry.
3. I don’t have money, but I didn’t buy the new dress.

英文作文的常見錯誤之一
⚠️連結詞亂亂用

上面這三個句子都是關於連結詞使用的錯誤
底下我們分別來看到底三個句子錯在哪裡吧

1. I didn’t study, I got an A on the test.
這個句子是由兩個完整的句子組成。兩個完整個句子，是不能使用逗點隔開的，你可以使用句點，或是加上連接詞把他們合起來。
I didn’t study. I got an A on the test.
以這個句子來看，用句點會覺得這兩個句子的關係很奇怪，畢竟沒讀書，照理來說不會考A才對，所以這句比較好的改法是用連接詞來講清楚兩句話的關係。
✅I didn’t study, but I got an A on the test.
加上but之後，兩句關係就很清楚了
或是也可以改成
✅Although I didn’t study, I got an A on the test.
✅I didn’t study; however, I got an A on the test.
注意however的標點使用，這也是很常寫錯的部分。

2. Because I didn’t have breakfast this morning, so I’m hungry.
這個句子錯在同時用了because以及so，因為以及所以在中文裡，是會一起連用沒有錯，可是英文是不行的哦！英文只要有一個，意思就是因為+所以了。
✅Because I didn’t have breakfast this morning, I’m hungry.
可以拿掉so留下because
✅I didn’t have breakfast this morning, so I’m hungry.
或是拿掉because留下so
要使用哪一種，可以看前後文，怎麼接文章邏輯是比較順的，就怎麼去改。
除了because跟so不能連用之外，although跟but也是哦！
我這裡雖然是寫because/so還有although/but，但是只要意思是因為所以、雖然但是的，都不行哦！像是Due to跟so也是不能放一起的

3. I don’t have money, but I didn’t buy the new dress.
第三個錯誤是連接詞的意思錯誤，這個相較於前面兩個，稍微比較少見一點點。
「我沒有錢，但是我沒有買新洋裝。」
蛤？什麼？
你如果讀完這句中文有這個感覺，那就不用太擔心了，你應該是不會犯這個錯，不過如果你中文讀完，沒有覺得奇怪，那… 你可能要先加強中文😂

上面的中文如果改成
「我沒有錢，所以我沒有買新洋裝。」
有沒有覺得這樣才對呢
所以英文也一樣要把but換掉
✅I don’t have money, so I didn’t buy the new dress.
或是也可寫成
✅I don’t have money; therefore, I didn’t buy the new dress.
注意therefore的標點使用，跟上面提到的however是一樣的哦

我們再複習一次連接詞的使用重點哦
逗點不能直接連接完整句
因為所以不連用，雖然但是也不連用
背好連接詞的意思別亂放

都學會了嗎？下面三個句子再讓你改錯看看
歡迎留言讓我幫你看寫對了沒
1. Although I’m tired, but I need to study.
2. I went to a restaurant, I was hungry.
3. I love taking pictures, because I do it every day.

為了方便大家理解文法上的錯誤，我的例句會盡量用詞簡單，不讓單字造成你句子看不懂，也盡量不會讓句子太長，比較方便看出文法重點。重點學起來後，在寫作文句比較長時，記得也要注意哦！

#凱蒂英文 #連接詞亂亂用 #英文作文 #常見錯誤 #高中英文 #學測 #學測英文 #指考 #指考英文 #統測 #統測英文 #英檢 #多益

這些可以通用嗎？常見用法一次整理！【while五大用法】Ricky//英語小蛋糕

【Ricky 英語小蛋糕 🍰 x 自然學文法線上課程問卷】
問卷連結：https://www.surveycake.com/s/2xoW2
※協助填寫的朋友們，除了能在開課時收到最優惠價格的通知，還能額外獲得 300元 的課程折價券喔！

👉本次「while五大用法」教材專區：
馬上領取: http://go.sat.cool/3huq4h

🎬複習自然文法系列（每集都有銜接，看完會更清楚喔！）
「8組介系詞from用法」https://youtu.be/NbTPneoe1Nw
「騙人的to」https://youtu.be/AezF77qyDyA
「分詞構句」https://youtu.be/HClXGN_N3Qc

📍新系列開張【自然學文法】⏰
主要是想讓大家學英文不只限於考試，而且可以用於生活中！
所以我的心文法系列，不會用生硬的課本解釋跟例句。
而是用我多年來教書的經驗，讓台灣學生用中文＋英文方式理解文法，
並且真實可以活用在日常生活（所以例句都會很時事😆）
請大家多多支持～～～

📍對了對了。因為疫情讓 大家可以在家多學多練習
所以往後每週二四都有影片喔！


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#Ricky小蛋糕 #英文文法 #until

國際新聞
【國際新聞：武漢肺炎】https://youtu.be/SRtsDI6iPRg
【國際新聞：2020台灣總統大選】https://youtu.be/slNQU8OQ5ww

英文文法
【感官型連綴動詞，look是一般動詞還是連綴動詞？】https://youtu.be/PhYo_Ae97Ro
【秒判斷單字詞性，易混淆的單字詞性】https://youtu.be/gvWetfXviTw
【名詞子句（上）】https://youtu.be/e_fzzCnJ_go

熱門影片
【去語言學校英文真的會變好？ 菲律賓語言學校推薦】https://youtu.be/bHEGfcP3jkc

多益高分系列
【多益高分7個必懂文法 】https://youtu.be/Os3eFKisucw
【新制多益8個必懂考前秘訣】多益990教我的事https://youtu.be/GkMkQ4I91uI

航空系列（考空服員\地勤）
【航空面試NG回答！一定不要這樣說】https://youtu.be/WvmyP2n1NyU
【第二關：角色扮演role play】https://youtu.be/UIXzsA6y0F0

實用英文系列
【超實用！職場必學五句片語】Ricky//英語小蛋糕https://youtu.be/Nj6ZfMODV2U
【完勝檢定！五種實用工具 輕鬆對付 聽說讀寫！】https://youtu.be/eVFGyS0QuA0
【一秒變外國人！增進聽力7大連音規則】https://youtu.be/9VYaHa4lwtA

來賓爆笑挑戰系列
【超爆笑聽力大考驗，熱門歌曲歌詞猜一猜】https://youtu.be/-LxlvkbDna0
【猜謎大亂鬥！英文片語猜猜看】https://youtu.be/Ri-fFz5Q-mI


我在AmazingTalker開課囉！
包含基本的生活會話，還有航空英文、商業英文
甚至是檢定英文，都可以來看看唷！
如果有其他英文需求也可以在頁面私訊我！
來我的教師頁面看看吧：
http://bit.ly/2WsxXvB

合作邀約 ricky@amazingtalker.com

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我在AmazingTalker開課囉！
包含基本的生活會話，還有航空英文、商業英文
甚至是檢定英文，都可以來看看唷！
如果有其他英文需求也可以在頁面私訊我！
來我的教師頁面看看吧：
http://bit.ly/2WsxXvB

合作邀約 ricky@amazingtalker.com

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Facebook 第一手看到訊息歡迎來按讚 + 搶先看
傳送門: https://goo.gl/R2DTW5

AmazingTalker 線上語言教學剪輯團隊
傳送門: https://goo.gl/LewJuV

你大學遇過恐怖的室友嗎？Teacher Kevin 在這次的英文 Podcast 分享網友在 Reddit 上訴說自己當年恐怖的遭遇。歡迎大家先不要看文稿，試著用聽的訓練自己的英文聽力。

訂閱：
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-LfXeUtpvAczV1w1yTq4eQ

Podcast 連結
APPLE: https://podcasts.apple.com/tw/podcast/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%96%AE%E5%AD%97-%E7%89%87%E8%AA%9E-%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95/id1462457142
SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/show/7wqKj2KnfHXLRa8AaIeyOn

上一部：恐怖大學室友 (1)｜英文不難
https://youtu.be/ZpUJg_MBh7M

----文稿----
#1
I had two roommates that kept eating all of my food. Although classes haven't started, I had already moved into my dorm. One day, I made myself a peanut butter sandwich. I put my sandwich on the table, and ten minutes later, it was gone. My roommate ate it. About a week later, I decided to make myself another peanut butter sandwich. I opened my cupboard and saw that my roommates left an empty jar in my cupboard. I flipped out because who eats a whole jar of peanut butter, without introducing themselves? These girls would scarf down all my food, and complain if they thought anyone was touching their food. So I started buying really fattening food such as doughnuts, pies, cakes. I was trying to teach them self-restraint, but these girls would go through these boxes within two days. So I kept buying doughnuts and desserts. And then one day they started complaining about how they couldn't fit their jeans. Success. I also put laxatives in my peanut butter.

----單字----
dorm 宿舍
cupboard 櫃子
flipped out 暴怒
scarf down 狼吞虎嚥
fattening 增肥
restraint 節制
laxatives 瀉藥

#2
----文稿----
My roommate freshman year got completely hammered, came back to the room around 1 in the morning, and accused me of stealing the pudding in her fridge that she *had ate* an hour before she went out. She waited until I fell asleep and then stabbed me in the arm with one of those clicky pencils…I had to go to the hospital to get it cleaned/stitched. She got kicked out.

----單字----
freshman year 大一
hammered 嚴重酒醉
accused 指控
*had ate* 其實是錯的，應該是 had eaten。你有抓到嗎？XD
stabbed 捅

#3
----文稿----
I got absolutely hammered and pissed all over my roommates desk the night before the end of the year. I woke up to him hanging up his money to dry out. Years later he ended up as my boss and ended up giving me a significant promotion. I guess he doesn't hold grudges.

----單字----
pissed 尿尿
ended up 變成
significant 大、有份量的
promotion 升遷
hold a grudge 記仇

#4
----文稿----
It was move out day and my roommate was working on a paper last minute. I was packing my stuff. His parents walked in and were absolutely pissed that he wasn't packed yet. They immediately started scolding him while I was still in the room, but thankfully I had a final to go to and figured I'd dodge the storm. I said my goodbyes, assuming they'd be gone by the time I got back from my two hour final and went on my way. As it happens, my final only took twenty minutes so I got back much sooner than they'd have expected. I opened the door, saw my roommate bent over his bed with his bare ass showing just as his mom wound up for a spank. I quickly closed the door and went over to a friend's dorm until I felt safe enough to return. I never brought it up to him after that.

----單字----
paper 這裡是指報告
scolding 責罵
dodge the storm 避風頭
assuming 假設、預設
bare 沒穿衣服的、光溜溜
wound up 準備做某個動作
spank 打巴掌
bring something up 提及某事

＊歡迎收聽全台灣最有趣的英文 Podcast。英文單字，片語，文法由 Teacher Kevin 主持，本節目可以在 Apple Podcast, Spotify 及所有 Podcast 平台上找到，無論搭車、騎車、打掃、運動，都可以邊做事邊學英文。
----------------------
#英文 Podcast #英文不難 #英文單字

Very seldom you can hear me speaking Hainanese in my video. I feel so lucky to grew up with my grandparents so I can speak although it's Malaysian style a bit lah... 雖然海南島距離馬來西亞距離四個小時航程就跟台灣差不多。但去到那裡居然有人可以跟我說這個再也熟悉不過的語言真的好奇妙。
很多外國的網友很好奇我到底會說幾種語言？其實真正能拿來交談的只有六種－馬來語，閩南語，英語，華語，粵語，海南話，但並不是樣樣精通大部分會走音不然就文法有問題。潮州話和客家話會聽一些因為馬來西亞很多但我不會說。 其實外國的朋友不要驚訝我並沒什麼了不起因為這樣的情況在馬來西亞很普通因為這裡什麼人都有。。。甚至還有印度的淡米爾語和錫克語在這裡都很重要，馬六甲還有葡萄牙語因為有殖民後裔，華人還有一些例如廣西話，雷州話，福州話但是比較少數，靠近北馬區的很多會說泰語因為泰國就在旁邊，再加上還十幾種本地少數原住民的語言，還有幾百萬個外勞來自十幾個不同的國家都有自己的語言有些還定居下來了。尼馬的真的太多了... 會說幾種要看你的教育背景和居住地區。但馬來西亞人真的不是語言天才那只是生活環境影響。。。
一個語言等於一個民族的文化和歷史，我們必須好好捍衛和保護它，沒有人有任何理由將它消滅，這就是為什麼我的歌曲裡面經常有不同的語言，文化，元素和各民族的樂器融合在裡面，對我來說那是一種運用和推廣。才形成了連續五張亞洲系列的專輯。。。
說了那麼多廢話，你們到底有沒有分享這首最新的海南歌啊？

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