#尛外電 聽到咀嚼聲就煩躁 研究：恐音症患者大腦連結異常活躍
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Artist: Eva Pu Illustration
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你會不會對咀嚼聲或人的呼吸聲特別敏感，老是被這些噪音搞得全身不舒服，出現噁心、焦躁、生氣的情緒呢？若出現上述症狀，你可能患有恐音症（Misophonia）。

全球約有15%的人患有恐音症，其中女性比男性更常見。恐音症常被認為是聲音處理的障礙，但一項刊登在《神經科學期刊》（Journal of Neuroscience）的研究指出，事情沒有那麼簡單！

英國新堡大學（Newcastle University）最新研究發現，恐音症患者的聽覺皮層（auditory cortex）與前運動皮質腹側區（ventral pre-motor cortex）存在不尋常的「超敏感」（supersensitized）連結。

研究員舒賓德‧庫瑪博士（Sukhbinder Kumar）表示，「這是學界首次在針對恐音症的研究中，發現這樣的腦部連結。」

該研究對恐音症患者與非患者進行腦部掃描，發現兩者的聽覺皮層對聲音的反應一致，唯恐音症患者的聽覺皮層與控制臉部、嘴部和喉嚨的運動區有更多的連結，使他們對特定的觸發聲音（trigger sounds）特別敏感。

「令我們吃驚的是，研究也發現患者的視覺和運動皮層間的連結有類似的增幅情況，意即恐音症也可能被看到的觸發，」庫瑪博士表示。

這種交流會活化腦部的鏡像神經系統，為處理這些觀察到的行為，患者會不自覺在腦中模仿那些動作，彷彿他們自己也在進行那個行為。

在部分情況下，恐音症的人會模仿那些讓他們不舒服的聲音來減輕症狀，研究者提姆‧葛瑞夫教授（Tim Griffiths）相信這個新發現將有助於找出治療恐音症的方法，「比起像過去一樣關注大腦的聲音中樞，心理治療也應關注大腦的運動區。」

根據恐音症研究中心（Misophonia Institute），恐音症是種鮮為人知的疾病，許多患者都默默承受著這種痛苦，或被認為是脾氣暴躁、易怒的。

尛評：約0.07%的美國人口患有恐音症。
#每1500人中就有1人 #其實不是特別罕見 #但很少人知道它 #歪編

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Source: Daily Mail, Journal of Neuroscience, Misophonia Institute

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This picture doesn’t do its justice. But can you believe that this toad is as big as a human head? 😱

#Repost @craigansibin
📍 Tawau Hills Park, Tawau

When i first saw it sitting by the river I really thought it was just a regular boulder. It’s a toad! A giant one. As big as human head!

Giant River Toad (Phrynoidis juxtasper), also known as Borneo river toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Borneo and Sumatra below 1,600 m (5,200 ft) asl.

Phrynoidis juxtasper are large toads: males grow to 122 mm (4.8 in) and females to 215 mm (8.5 in) in snout–vent length. Habitus is stocky, but the limbs are relatively long. The snout is obtusely pointed. The tympanum is distinct. Supratympanic bony crests are thick and the parotoid glands are large. Skin bears large, round warts; ventral skin is granular. Warts of head, trunk, and limbs have melanic spinules on their tips. Toes have extensive webbing.

#sabah #borneo #malaysia #tourism #photooftheday #nature #fun #photography #beautiful #enchantingsabah #travellater #traveltomorrow

靠...直接被壓斷😱

「橈骨遠端骨折」

1. 發生率:橈骨遠端骨折極為常見，約佔平時骨折1／10。
2. 高風險族群:老年婦女、兒童及青年。
3. 好發處:骨折發生在橈骨遠端2～3cm範圍內，多為閉合性骨折。

分類

1. Colle’s fracture -appears as dinner-fork deformity from lateral projection. The patient contacts the ground on the ventral side of hand .[臨床案例 (四)]
五、六十歲的婦女常見，原因多半是跌落然後手撐地，跌倒時腕背屈掌心觸地，前臂旋前肘屈曲。骨折線多為橫形。骨折遠段向背側，橈側移位，近段向掌側移位，可影響掌側肌腱活動。
2. Smith's fracture - as reverse dinner-fork deformity. The patient contacts the ground on dorsal side of hand. [臨床案例 (三)]
較少見。骨折發生原因與Colle’s fracture相反，故又稱“反科雷氏”骨折。跌倒時腕掌屈，手背觸地發生橈骨遠端骨折。骨折遠端向掌側移位，骨折近端向背側移位。換句話說，Colles’ fracture是正常反應用手掌撐地造成的骨折，如果跌落的時候是用手背撐地，則嚴重的多，叫做Smith fracture。
3. Barton's fracture - an intra-articular fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint. [臨床案例 (一)]
骨折是指通過橈骨遠端部分關節面的邊緣骨折，處理不好會影響上面的軟骨，將來容易退化性關節炎。

資料來源：http://www2.cmu.edu.tw/~cmcmd/ctanatomy/clinical/radiusfracture.html

エビをにチーズをたっぷり絡めて食べる、テンションが上がる贅沢レシピ。ホットプレートで作れるので、とってもお手軽ですよ♫
華やかな見た目はパーティーにもピッタリ！ぜひ作ってみてくださいね♫

エビロールサムギョプサル
2人分

材料：
えび（大）6尾
豚バラ肉（薄切り）6~12枚
塩・コショウ 少々
バター 20g

モッツァレラチーズ（細切り） 100g
チェダーチーズ（細切り） 100g
牛乳 100ml
片栗粉 大さじ1

作り方：

1.えびは尾をのこして殻をむき、背わたをとって腹側に5-6箇所切り込みを入れてまっすぐにする。片栗粉でもみ洗いし、しっかりと水気を拭き取る。

2.えびと豚バラ肉に塩・コショウを振る。えびに豚バラ肉を巻きつけ、手でぎゅっと握ってしっかりと固める。

3.ホットプレートにバターを置いて中火にかけて溶かしたら、(2) を並べて両面を焼く。

4.フライパンにモッツァレラチーズとチェダーチーズを入れて片栗粉をまぶす。全体が混ざったら中火にかけて、チーズが溶けてきたら牛乳を加え、チーズが溶けるまで混ぜながら温める。(3) の上にたっぷりとかけたら、完成！


Here is what you'll need!


Shrimp Roll Samgyeopsal
Servings: 2

INGREDIENTS
6 Shrimp (large)
6-12 Slices of pork belly
Salt Pepper
20g Butter

100g Mozzarella cheese (shredded)
100g Cheddar cheese (shredded)
100ml Milk
1 tablespoon Potato starch

PREPARATION
1. Peel the shrimp but leave the tail attached, remove the back and make 5-6 cuts on the ventral side to straighten it. Rinse with potato starch and wipe off any water.

2. Sprinkle salt and pepper on the shrimp and pork ribs. Wrap the pork ribs around the shrimp tightly.

3. Place the butter on a hot plate and heat it over medium heat to melt it, then line up (2) and cook on both sides.

4. Put mozzarella cheese and cheddar cheese in a frying pan and sprinkle with potato starch, mix well. Heat over medium heat, when the cheese melts add milk, and warm while mixing until everything is incorporated. Pour a generous amount of the cheese mixture on top of (3) and you're done!

5. Enjoy!

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◼︎参考文献
Keitaro Yoshida, Michael R. Drew, Masaru Mimura & Kenji F. Tanaka, “Serotonin-mediated inhibition of ventral hippocampus is required for sustained goal-directed behavior” Nature Neuroscience, 22, 770–777 (2019)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0376-5

The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the heaviest known bony fish in the world. Adults typically weigh between 247 and 1,000 kg (545–2,205 lb). The species is native to tropical and temperate waters around the globe. It resembles a fish head with a tail, and its main body is flattened laterally. Sunfish can be as tall as they are long when their dorsal and ventral fins are extended.

Sunfish are considered a delicacy in some parts of the world, including Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Sunfish are frequently caught in gillnets.

A member of the order Tetraodontiformes, which also includes pufferfish, porcupinefish, and filefish, the sunfish shares many traits common to members of this order. The ocean sunfish, Mola mola, is the type species of the genus.