［早餐絕對要吃的理由—以減脂增肌的角度］

有臉友私訊我，說很多醫師在鼓吹不吃早餐的好處，想問我是否認同這樣的想法？

當然 #百分百不認同啊‼️來我這裡的肥胖學員多的是skip掉早餐，睡到中午才吃第一餐或是一天只吃晚餐的人，完全沒有因為這樣就比較健康還更胖啊！我答應她會寫一篇文章來說明，為什麼我覺得早餐（早上的蛋白質補充）#絕對是一整天最重要的一餐！

過去的研究很多，我直接拿今年最新的兩篇出來：
✅關於減脂
今年在《The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition》發表一個關於進食的時間跟代謝和致胖因子的關係「Late eating is associated with cardiometabolic risk traits, obesogenic behaviors, and impaired weight loss」

這個在西班牙的研究招募3362名成年人參與減肥療程，並根據早餐和晚餐時間的中間點（以14:54為界）分為早食組和晚食組；（例如，早餐8:00吃、晚餐17:00吃，那中間點是12:30所以是早食組）

結果發現：兩組在能量攝入、運動鍛煉的總量上沒有差異，但是 #晚食組比早食組具有更高的BMI和三酸甘油脂，以及 #較差的胰島素敏感性，晚食者 #減重成功率比早食者低17%，每周平均減重重量低80g。

晚食者出現 #減肥卡關的機率更高，減肥動機降低，且出現 #壓力性進食、 #夜晚過量進食、 #看電視進食的機率更高。晚食組也跟 #較高的心血管代謝疾病風險有關。

✅關於增肌
你知道有所謂的「 #肌肉時鐘」嗎？
《Cell report》今年七月有一篇日本早稻田大學探討一天蛋白質分佈在不同時間對增肌的影響「Distribution of dietary protein intake in daily meals influences skeletal muscle hypertrophy via the muscle clock」，這個研究動物跟人類都有做。

人類部分，在60位65歲以上的年長女性身上發現，當一天總蛋白質攝取 #集中在早餐比例最高的女性，不管是肌肉質量指數（SMI）和握力測試都有比較好的結果。早餐攝取高蛋白質和高齡健康女性的肌肉質量跟肌力都呈現正相關。

而老鼠實驗進一步驗證機轉，發現當每天餵食兩餐，一餐蛋白質濃度11.5%一餐8.5%，雖然一整天蛋白質總量一樣，但早餐攝取高蛋白質濃度的小鼠，比晚餐攝取高蛋白質的小鼠出現更明顯的腿部肌肉成長，肌肉成長比率上升17%。

#表示蛋白質在早餐吃利用率遠大於晚餐

這跟肌肉生長基因🧬（myogenic genes）有關的生理時鐘，在白天特別活躍有關。

這也就是為何我所有的學員，我都鼓勵他們早起吃早餐，而且一天四餐當中，早餐的蛋白質一定要吃到一天的最高比例（40-50克），而臨床也發現，那些睡到快中午才吃早餐的人，的確在減肥中保留肌肉的效率比較差。

總結以上，說不吃早餐比較健康的人我實在想不到有什麼研究可以拿出來佐證，醫學並不是固著信仰，或是自我感覺良好，而是看數據對照臨床說話的科學，不用打口水戰，一切看實證。

#早餐是補充蛋白質最好最重要的時間
#早餐不吃變胖變肌少
#早餐低碳高蛋白質穩定一天血糖

Reference:
1. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021, 113.1: 154-161.
2. Aoyama, Shinya et al.Cell Reports, Volume 36, Issue 1, 109336

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references：
我忘記放第四份研究在動畫裡了嘻嘻
Sexual Imprinting on Facial Traits
of Opposite-Sex Parents in Humans

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請大家多多指教

前哈佛心理學教授 Brian R Little 提出自創的「自由性格理論」（Free Traits Theory），認為人類天生而固定不變的特質與自由性格同時存在，為了達到個人核心志業，我們有能力改變自己的性格，表現出不同於本來性格的面貌。

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【*CUPodcast】#64 喜歡獨處、易受感動、選擇困難，你有「高敏感」特質嗎？
https://youtu.be/wz1SAfpLQfs
【*CUPodcast】#63 為何外向型性格總是較受歡迎？內向外向由天定？
https://youtu.be/WSr9PqUwLVg
【*CUPodcast】#62 為何總拒絕嘗試、容易氣餒、半途而廢？
https://youtu.be/pV9e1uuj_Qs

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