【消炎止痛藥會降低疫苗效果？】
最近許多接種Covid-19疫苗的民眾
卡在到底要不要吃消炎止痛炎-ibuprofen
有人認為消止炎痛藥-NSAIDs💊💊💊
會降低人體對疫苗產生的免疫反應
因而降低疫苗的保護力
但疫苗的副作用讓不少民眾無法忍受
吃 or 不吃？

🔍事實上目前沒有明確的研究證實
消炎止痛藥-ibuprofen影響疫苗的保護力
況且許多公共衛生主管機關及CDC
一致建議可以適當的服用止痛/消炎止痛藥
來舒緩施打疫苗造成的不適

💉另外值得一提的是
在mRNA疫苗的人體試驗中(BNT及莫德那)
是允許民眾可以服用ibuprofen
來減輕施打引起的不適感
試驗結果疫苗防護力超過4%
間接的表示ibuprofen不會影響疫苗的保護力

================================
References
1. CDC. What to expect after getting a COVID-19 vaccine. 2020. Accessed February 17, 2021.
2. NHS UK. Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine. 2020. Accessed February 17, 2021.
3. Pfizer, BioNTech. A phase 1/2/3 study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and efficacy of RNA vaccine candidates against COVID-19 in healthy individuals. Study intervention PF-07302048, protocol C4591001. Updated 2020. Accessed February 17, 2021.
4. Moderna. A phase 3, randomized, stratified, observer-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adults aged 18 years and older. Protocol mRNA-1273-P301, amendment 3. Updated August 20, 2020. Accessed February 17, 2021.
5. AstraZeneca. A phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study in adults to determine the safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of AZD1222, a non-replicating ChAdOx1 vector vaccine, for the prevention of COVID-19. Protocol D8110C00001, amendment 2. Updated September 17, 2020. Accessed February 17, 2021.
6. Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study to assess the efficacy and safety of Ad26.COV2.S for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2-mediated COVID-19 in adults aged 18 years and older. Protocol VAC31518COV3001; phase 3, amendment 3. Updated December 14, 2020. Accessed February 17, 2021.

年紀和肌肉發展的關係
年紀大等於較小訓練效果⁉️

🤔🤔🤔
頂級運動員退休的原因是他們太老嗎？
頂級運動員年齡平均值為20多歲［10］。而奧林匹克舉重選手的年齡平均值為26歲 。［9］但我們細心想想，頂級運動員退休的原因通常都是傷患、有關藥物使用的風險(drug-related health risks)、較佳的工作機會等等...

當我們更加深入探討有關力量和肌肥大的時候，我們會發現健力運動員都會在35歲(平均值)時達到最佳的狀態[11]。而有關健美運動員的研究不多，但當我們細心觀察那些傑出的健美選手時，會發現他們達到職業巔峰的時期通常都是在30-40多歲。
例子：Ronnie Coleman, Phil Heath, Dorian Yates, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jay Cutler...

💪🏻💪🏻💪🏻
標題: Association of age with muscle size and strength before and after short-term resistance training in young adults [2]
圖2
研究背景
研究對象為18至39歲的男性和女性，使用磁力共振掃描(MRI)檢測肱二頭肌橫截面面積和測試肘屈肌群的一下最大力量(1RM)，然後進行為期12星期的單邊手臂(非主用手)重量訓練。
訓練期結束後，再次使用磁力共振掃描(MRI)檢測肱二頭肌橫截面面積和測試肘屈肌群的一下最大力量。對比訓練前和訓練後的結果，最後得出當中的改變。

圖2A, 對象的肱二頭肌經歷12星期的重量訓練後，都有所增長。而各年齡層的肌肉增長沒有實際分別。在成年初期，年齡不會影響肌肉對重量訓練的反應。

圖2B,
年紀和二頭彎舉一下最大力量(1RM)有着負相聯的關係。

標題: Epidemiology of Sarcopenia [1]
研究背景及設計:
在明尼蘇達州的人群研究 (population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota)
年齡層抽樣方式提取數據 (Age stratified sample of men and women from the community)

😨😨😨
大眾而言，肌少症在大約20歲開始。不論性別，隨着人們年紀的增長，肌肉量都會穩定地下降。
既然肌少症在20歲開始...但是為什麼健力和健美運動員會在30～40多歲時達到運動表現的巔峰？

流失肌肉量·真正的成因⁉️
研究要點✅

1️⃣引致肌少症的主要成因，包括缺乏運動的生活方式和營養不良。[7]

2️⃣年紀令肌肉機能弱化，不使用(遺棄 disuse)肌肉會加劇這個問題 [8]

3️⃣要點:長期不使用肌肉(chronic disuse)，是肌肉量流失和力量下降最主要的成因，並非老化(aging) [6]

4️⃣年紀不影響肌肉對力量訓練的反應 [4]

5️⃣年輕和老年的女性有着差不多的肌肥大及力量增長 [5]

6️⃣年輕和老年的個體有著差不多的肌肥大增長 [3]

CrMenno Henselmanselmans

🔥🔥🔥
「年紀是心靈勝於物質的問題，如果你不在乎，就無所謂。」 Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you don't mind, it doesn't matter.

如有興趣深入了解各研究的背景，可以參閱Reference部份中的文章‼️

Reference
1. III, L.J.M., Khosla, S., Crowson, C.S., O'Connor, M.K., O'Fallon, W.M. and Riggs, B.L. (2000), Epidemiology of Sarcopenia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 48: 625-630. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04719.x

2. Lowndes J, Carpenter RL, Zoeller RF, Seip RL, Moyna NM, Price TB, Clarkson PM, Gordon PM, Pescatello LS, Visich PS, Devaney JM, Gordish-Dressman H, Hoffman EP, Thompson PD, Angelopoulos TJ. Association of age with muscle size and strength before and after short-term resistance training in young adults. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Oct;23(7):1915-20. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b94b35. PMID: 19749605; PMCID: PMC4103410.

3. Ivey FM, Roth SM, Ferrell RE, Tracy BL, Lemmer JT, Hurlbut DE, Martel GF, Siegel EL, Fozard JL, Jeffrey Metter E, Fleg JL, Hurley BF. Effects of age, gender, and myostatin genotype on the hypertrophic response to heavy resistance strength training. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000 Nov;55(11):M641-8. doi: 10.1093/gerona/55.11.m641. PMID: 11078093.

4. Mayhew DL, Kim JS, Cross JM, Ferrando AA, Bamman MM. Translational signaling responses preceding resistance training-mediated myofiber hypertrophy in young and old humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009;107(5):1655-1662. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91234.2008

5. Loenneke, J.P., Rossow, L.M., Fahs, C.A., Thiebaud, R.S., Grant Mouser, J. and Bemben, M.G. (2017), Time‐course of muscle growth, and its relationship with muscle strength in both young and older women. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 17: 2000-2007. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13010

6. Andrew P. Wroblewski, Francesca Amati, Mark A. Smiley, Bret Goodpaster & Vonda Wright (2011) Chronic Exercise Preserves Lean Muscle Mass in Masters Athletes, The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 39:3, 172-178, DOI: 10.3810/psm.2011.09.1933

7. Kim JS, Wilson JM, Lee SR. Dietary implications on mechanisms of sarcopenia: roles of protein, amino acids and antioxidants. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Jan;21(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.06.014. Epub 2009 Oct 1. PMID: 19800212.

8. Venturelli M, Saggin P, Muti E, Naro F, Cancellara L, Toniolo L, Tarperi C, Calabria E, Richardson RS, Reggiani C, Schena F. In vivo and in vitro evidence that intrinsic upper- and lower-limb skeletal muscle function is unaffected by ageing and disuse in oldest-old humans. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2015 Sep;215(1):58-71. doi: 10.1111/apha.12524. Epub 2015 May 28. PMID: 25965867; PMCID: PMC4516639.

9. Huebner M, Perperoglou A. Performance Development From Youth to Senior and Age of Peak Performance in Olympic Weightlifting. Front Physiol. 2019;10:1121. Published 2019 Aug 27. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01121

10. Age of Peak Competitive Performance of Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review

11. Peak Age and Performance Progression in World-Class Weightlifting and Powerlifting Athletes

額外閱讀：https://mennohenselmans.com/how-bad-is-aging-for-your-gains/

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•
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TT最令我著迷的，
正是那不費吹灰之力都能享受絕對駕駛樂趣的親民與Quattro所帶來的自信，
或許你會嫌這車不夠Extreme不夠激情，
但與其用更高的駕駛門檻以致最後僅有少數人能獨樂樂之，
TT的眾樂樂思維不更是她之所以迷人的所在嗎？

アウディA1のマイナーチェンジで追加された、1.0Lの3気筒ターボエンジンを搭載した「1.0TFSI」を早速試した。果たしてその実力は？

カーメイク・アートプロ アウディスポーツバック 3 0 TFSI クワトロ 5 WALD Audi A7 Sportsback NEW OPEN CARMAKE ARTPRO