往年我對於貓咪戴鈴鐺這件事情，認為可能會讓貓咪因此感到焦慮，或者是鈴鐺聲聽久傷耳，所以抱持著反對立場。但在這幾年相關的研究越來越多，有些事情跟我當初想的不太一樣，所以再次重新跟大家分享一下我的看法：

1.鈴鐺究竟能不能幫助野生動物逃離貓的魔爪？

先說結論，鈴鐺有效，但有其他更安全更有效的產品（如THE CATBIB），然後家貓不要放養，乖乖待在家裡就好不要放出去亂。

相關的研究：
Equipping cats with bells seems to reduce their predation on wild birds and mammals…this practice can be recommended to owners seeking to reduce such predation. (Ruxton, G. 2002)

還有一些類似的研究：
Cats equipped with a bell returned 34% fewer mammals, and 41% fewer birds than those with a plain collar. (Nelson, S. 2005)

2.鈴鐺會造成貓咪聽覺受損或焦慮嗎？

聽覺受損的部分這點有研究，因為噪音導致聽覺功能受損的機制，這方面貓跟人很像，所以有人以貓作為實驗動物做了相關實驗，可參考:
Auditory brainstem responses predict auditory nerve fiber thresholds and frequency selectivity in hearing impaired chinchillas.

如果你懶得看，我直接說結論，答案是”不會”。

由於該研究用的是專門的聲音控制裝置，並沒有使用到鈴鐺，所以這鈴聲是我自己拿分貝計去測的，其平均音量大約是80分貝左右。這個音量要讓聽覺受損的難度，大概就像你在地上撿了一顆石頭想要丟中天上的飛機一樣，有那個可能，但微乎其微。

至於會不會讓長期繫上鈴鐺的貓咪焦慮？

關於這點沒有相關研究，僅知道貓的聽覺頻率比人更廣，音量也是人聽到的四倍（大家有空可以去科教館玩，那邊有一頂貓頭盔可以模擬貓咪聽到的音量，基本上，貓就是可以聽到超細微的聲音）。所以關於這一點，目前無法證實是否有影響，如果有，會有多大的影響？

我是認為，以人的角度能替貓設想到這件事，就是代表你重視動物福利，如果連你都不喜歡那樣的東西長期配戴在自己身上，那幹嘛還給貓戴？

倒是近期有篇比較好玩的研究，主要是在講有一些特定的聲音會引起老年貓的癲癇，可參考：
Levetiracetam in the management of feline audiogenic reflex seizures: a randomised, controlled, open-label study.(Lowrie M, et al. J Feline Med Surg. 2017.)

結論：
雖然鈴鐺沒有這麼萬惡深淵，但以風險考量下，即使是安全項圈也還是有不安全的時候，加上我實在想不到有什麼情況是非得讓貓配戴鈴鐺不可的理由。很多環境上的問題都是我們身為飼主可以努力改善的，所以我認為是不需要沒事找事做，你當你在改車啊？

《附註》
很多人在問什麼樣的聲音會引起貓的癲癇，跟大家分享一下：

The sounds that trigger seizures vary between individual cats, and a huge variety of different sounds were identified as triggers. Some of the more common trigger noises included:

*crinkling tin foil
*a metal spoon clanging in a ceramic feeding bowl
*chinking or tapping of glass
*crinkling of paper or plastic bags
*tapping on a computer keyboard or clicking of a mouse
*clinking of coins or keys
*hammering of a nail
*clicking of an owner’s tongue

至於我個人經驗裡面，這我們家阿橘曾經因為電音舞曲的吵雜聲音發作過。

Photo from: smithsonianmag.com

跟著怡琳看世界 27

What is the North American heat dome and how dangerous is it?
什麼是北美"熱蓋現象"，並且有多危險呢?

Tract 大片土地
Sweltering 熱極了
Atmospheric Pressure 大氣壓力
Heat Wave 熱浪
Heatstroke 中暑
Delirium 神智不清/語無倫次
Seizure 癲癇發作
Susceptible 易受影響

Huge tracts of North America are sweltering under very high temperatures, which are close to 50ºC in some places. The phenomenon behind this weather is known as a heat dome and the one that's currently settled across parts of Canada and the US is feared to have caused the death toll to rise in British Columbia.
一大片的北美地區在高溫之下熱得難受，有些地方接近攝氏50度。這種天氣現象稱作"熱蓋現象"，而且目前在加拿大和美國部分地區出現的"熱蓋現象"，可能導致不列顛哥倫比亞省的死亡人數上升。

1. What is a heat dome and what causes it?
1.什麼是”熱蓋現象”而什麼會引起?

There are two things that contribute to a heat dome – atmospheric pressure and rising sea temperatures.
有兩個因素會導致"熱蓋現象"-大氣壓力和不斷上升的海水溫度。

2. What effect is the heat dome having?
2.”熱蓋現象”會導致什麼結果?

One of the biggest health risks in a heat wave such as this one is heatstroke. Unless detected and treated promptly, heatstroke can lead to many serious problems including damage to the brain, heart, muscles and internal organs. Commonly accompanied by feelings of confusion and delirium, heatstroke can trigger seizures and lead to comas, brought on by swelling of the brain and organs.
像這樣的熱浪中，最大的健康風險之一就是中暑。除非及時發現並治療，中暑可能會導致許多嚴重問題，包括對大腦、心臟、肌肉和內臟器官的損害。通常還會伴隨意識模糊和語無倫次，中暑也會因為大腦和器官腫脹，進而引發癲癇發作並造成昏迷。

Older people are more susceptible to heatstroke, as the body’s ability to regulate heat deteriorates with age.
隨著年紀增長，身體調節熱能的能力會下降，因此老年人更容易中暑。

資料來源:
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/06/north-american-heat-dome-dangerous?utm_source=ig&utm_medium=social_video&utm_campaign=social_video_2021&utm_content=22980_Reel_Pacific_Northwest_heat_dome

A retired official at the eastern Guangdong city of Shanwei has been placed under investigation by provincial discipline authorities in connection with illegal land seizures that sparked mass protests in the Wukan village a decade ago.

Read more: https://bit.ly/3vabnIP

廣東省紀委監委網站發佈消息，指汕尾市前政協主席鄭佳涉嫌嚴重違紀違法，正接受省紀委監委紀律審查和監察調查。鄭佳已於2018年8月退休，至於他被查的原因，有報道指涉及多年前的烏坎村事件。
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Người Việt Đồng Tâm
Để tranh đấu cho công lý và hỗ trợ người dân Đồng Tâm, mỗi người dân Việt đều có thể làm nhiều việc khác nhau trong đó có phần vận động sự quan tâm và can thiệp của quốc tế. Do đó, chúng tôi kêu gọi đồng bào Việt Nam trong và ngoài nước cùng gửi điện thư (email) đến tất cả các tòa đại sứ và lãnh sự quán có mặt tại VN, Liên Hiệp Quốc, các Tổ chức quốc tế nhằm kêu gọi họ yêu cầu chính phủ Việt Nam:
- Đồng ý cho đại diện các đại sứ quán, các tổ chức trong nước và quốc tế đến thăm hỏi, tìm hiểu, giúp đỡ dân làng và các nạn nhân.
- Cho phép các tổ chức quốc tế, phóng viên quốc tế như của AP, NY Times, Reuters, RFI, CNN, Aljazeera đến Đồng Tâm để tác nghiệp và cung cấp thông tin trung thực nhất.
- Yêu cầu nhà cầm quyền Hà Nội ngừng sử dụng bạo lực, hay tiếp tục đe doạ sử dụng bạo lực cũng như chấm dứt hành vi vu cáo khủng bố đối với mọi dân làng Đồng Tâm.
Dear Sir/Madam:
It is with grave concerns that I draw your attention to the following:
•​On January 9, 2020 a violent clash over a land dispute in Dong Tam commune, Vietnam where excessive military and police force was deployed that killed an 84-year-old civilian and injured several others. The elderly who had been a vocal leader in the struggle against land confiscation was shot twice in the head and once in the chest while sleeping in his bed. Several other elderly and farmers of the same commune were arrested or assaulted and badly injured. Reportedly there were some 3000 police heavily armed with tear gas, explosives and live ammunition that launched the attack at approximately 3 a.m. on that day targeting the house of the local elderly leader. His sons were also arrested and his daughter in law and grandchildren were also hunted down while running away by police sniffer dogs.
•​This is the latest bloody conflict of land seizures in Dong Tam commune where tension has been simmering for some three years. Farmers claim that the government seizes 59 hectares (116 acres) of their farmland for the military-run Viettel Group, which is Vietnam’s largest mobile phone company, without consultation, consent and adequate compensation for the rightful owners.
•​While violent land confiscations are not uncommon in Vietnam, this is the first time the authorities claimed there had been 3 policemen killed during the attack against the rightful owners of the lands. Human Rights Watch and other international human rights organizations have urged the authorities to investigate the killings fairly and to hold accountable those who used violence and whether excessive police force was justified so as not to wrongly accuse and further victimize the victims.
•​Similarly, last year, just days before the Vietnamese traditional new year, “Tet”, on January 4 and January 8, the authorities in Ho Chi Minh city also launched an attack against the Loc Hung Vegetable Garden, a settlement area claimed by the Catholic Church and registered for agricultural use in 1991, 1995, and 2005, and ever since the land had been used by residents for growing vegetables.
•​During the two-day operation, some thousand uniformed police and plain clothes forces wearing masks equipped with about 8 bulldozers and earth movers to demolish all the houses in Loc Hung Vegetable Garden, Tan Binh district, without prior warning, proper notice, or adequate compensation for the residents.
•​This forced hundreds of displaced victims who are mostly defectors and people who had escaped the Communist regime in the North in 1954, and former prisoners of conscience, political dissidents and veterans of the former army of South Vietnam out of their homes.
•​Lawyers in the country protested against the local authorities’ abuse of power claiming the state should have issued an order for land appropriation first before any issuance of an eviction order to residents of Loc Hung Vegetable Garden.
Therefore, we earnestly ask [your embassy] [U.N. organization]…. to exert diplomatic pressure and
1. Urge the Vietnamese government to end military and police repression and abuse of powers against civilians;
2. Urge the Vietnamese government to recognize the importance of engaging in respectful dialogues and fair negotiations to solve land disputes peacefully rather than resorting to violence.
3. Urge the Vietnamese authorities to investigate with impartiality and transparency and punish all those who are responsible for the human rights violations and the violence in Loc Hung Vegetable Garden and Dong Tam commune so that there is no impunity for crimes committed by state officials.
4. Urge the Vietnamese authorities to permit access to Dong Tam and Loc Hung survivors by local and foreign journalists, diplomats, UN agency officials and other impartial observers to assess what evolved there and monitor the government’s investigation of these incidents.
5. Urge the Vietnamese government to recognize unfair and arbitrary land confiscation for economic projects displacing local people is the source of social unrest, publi

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Sabai Sabai Thai Food Festival 2018 happening at Berjaya Times Square, LG Concourse, now from 3rd-5th August 2018! Head on over and bring the whole family to enjoy the variety line ups of cultural show performances flown in from Thailand and Thai boxing with amazing Thai Arts & Crafts to learn from.

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