[爆卦]Much very 比較級是什麼?優點缺點精華區懶人包

為什麼這篇Much very 比較級鄉民發文收入到精華區:因為在Much very 比較級這個討論話題中,有許多相關的文章在討論,這篇最有參考價值!作者theyangist (theyangist)看板Eng-Class標題Very與Much時間T...


※ 引述《deliriumm (delirium)》之銘言:
: 困難指數★
: 1. 我很想留在這兒。
: (X) I very want to stay here.
: (O) I want to stay here very much.
: 一般來說副詞可以用來修飾動詞,very雖然是副詞,但它講的是一種程度,不能直接修
: 飾動詞。修飾動詞要用a lot、very much

副詞這個詞類被Kory Stamper(一個詞典編纂者)叫做
"the junk drawer of the English language" (英文裝廢品的抽屜)
因為將很多不協調的詞類放在“副詞”這種。

例如:'very', 'however', 'tomorrow', 'away', 'beautifully'等都是“副詞”,
但它們修完全不同的詞類。

(X) I very want to stay here. (他們找到了錯誤。)
(O) I very much want to stay here.
(O) I really want to stay here.
(O) I so want to stay here. (非正式)

'Really'與'so'這三個屬於可修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞這三種詞類的詞類,
自己編纂英漢詞典的時候,會這樣寫:r-[jrv]

'Much'的故事比較複雜,但要說在以上的例句是r-[jrv]的副詞,我不會說誰錯了。

: 困難指數★★
: 2.這本書便宜得多。
: (X) This book is very cheaper.
: (O) This book is much cheaper.
: very可以用來修飾形容詞或副詞的原級,但不能修飾比較級,修飾比較級要用much

看來文章的作者忘記自己的句法課,因為比較級不是要用'much'的理由。

假如他講的理由是真的,
"This book is ten dollars cheaper,"這個句子的"ten dollars"也是副詞,
但我們知道是因為轉換規則"ten dollars"在"cheaper"的左邊出現。

1.111.) This book is cheap.
1.11.) This book is cheaper.
1.1.) This book is cheaper by ten dollars.
1.) This book is ten dollars cheaper.

'Much'的用法也看來在跟著這些規則,如下:

2.111.) This book is cheap.
2.11.) This book is cheaper.
2.1.) This book is cheaper by [so] much *money*.
(*任何有道理、不可數的名詞都可以用。*)
2.) This book is [so] much cheaper.

所以看來句子(2)裡的'much'不屬於副詞的詞類,而是名詞組中的形容詞。
這樣嘗試用'very'就會失敗,因為沒有什麼名詞組可以換到適合的位置:

3.111.) This book is cheap.
3.11.) This book is cheaper.
3.1.) This book is cheaper by very much money.
3A.) This book is very cheaper.
(3A沒有正確地應用轉換規則。)
3B.) This book is very much cheaper.
(3B多餘的'very'讓句子聽來相當奇怪,但我們可以接受。)

: 用來強調時候、狀態,可以修飾最高級:
: 我就在下一頁找到了這個句子。
: (O) I found the sentence on the very next page.
: 這是最好的詞典。
: (O) This is the very best dictionary.

這兩個句子的'next'與'best'都是形容詞,所以不管強調“時候”、“狀態”等的字
(因為“時候”與“狀態”不是句法的類別),我們還可以用。

: 困難指數★★★★★
: 3.電話響時我還睡得很熟。
: (X) I was still very asleep while the phone rang.
: (O) I was still fast asleep while the phone rang.

我可以接受這兩個句子。我們更多說"fast asleep",但只是頻率的事。

: 4.這一刻我非常清醒。
: (X) I am very awake at this moment.
: (O) I am wide awake at this moment.

是一樣的事。

: 5. 昨晚就我一個在辦公室。
: (X) I was very alone in the office last night.
: (O) I was all alone in the office last night.

是一樣的事,但這兩個句子的意思不一樣。

: 6.這本書非常值得一讀。
: (X) This book is very worth reading.
: (O) This book is well worth reading.
: 有些形容詞、副詞習慣上不與very搭配。多念幾次,
: 熟悉它們的搭配才能在口語中脫口而出。

'Worth'不是形容詞,是介詞,看這三個例句:

4.) The trip was worth every penny.
5.) The trip was to Alaska.
6.) The trip was within my budget.

還有……

7.) A novel worth thousands of dollars is hard to come by.
8.) A novel about a boy and his rabbit is hard to come by.
9.) A novel without any scenes or plot is hard to come by.

: 困難指數★★★★★
: 7.財務狀況似乎有很大起色。
: (X) The financial situation seems to be very improved.
: (O) The financial situation seems to be very much improved.
: very不可以用來修飾過去分詞形容詞,因為這些形容詞還是具有動詞的特性。
: 這時候要用much或very much。

第一個問題是:"The financial situation seems to be improved,"沒有提到"by …"
已經有點奇怪,因為被動形式砍掉了最有趣的內容/資料。

剩下的問題要參看我的第二個解釋。

: 8.通貨膨脹大大地削弱了英國的貿易地位。
: (X) Britain's trade position has been very weakened by inflation.
: (O) Britain's trade position has been much/very much weakened by inflation.

再要看第二個解釋。

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※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Eng-Class/M.1446124784.A.EF0.html
stu60912: 讚! 10/29 23:11
dixhuit: 謝謝你精闢的解說! 10/29 23:17
※ 編輯: theyangist (101.13.241.49), 10/30/2015 10:35:36
※ 編輯: theyangist (101.13.241.49), 10/30/2015 10:40:18

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