「美國和澳洲對於中國政府損害『一國兩制』框架、違背《中英聯合聲明》承諾，並侵蝕香港自治和自由的行徑表示嚴加關切。雙邊部長尤其對於香港『國安法』模糊的條文定義和全面實施表達深切憂慮，此法已損害了法治，並危害了包括媒體人士在內的言論自由以及和平集會自由。雙邊部長表示，由於中國的行徑，美國和澳洲都正採取行動中止與香港的引渡條款，並宣布接納香港居民到美國及澳洲的機制。雙邊也重申支持香港人民在9月6日能透過真正公平自由、可信且和平的選舉，選出立法會議員。中國以大規模拘禁、強迫勞動、全面監控、限制宗教自由，以及據報強迫墮胎和非自願節育的方式，壓迫維吾爾族及新疆少數族裔，美國和澳洲對此行徑表示嚴加關切。」— 2020年美澳部長級諮商會議聯合聲明。聯合聲明全文請見：https://www.state.gov/joint-statement-on-australia-u-s-ministerial-consultations-ausmin-2020/

The United States and Australia expressed deep concern about the People’s Republic of China (PRC) government’s efforts to undermine the “One Country, Two Systems” framework and to erode Hong Kong’s autonomy and freedoms in violation of its obligations under the Sino-British Joint Declaration. In particular, the principals expressed deep concern at the imposition of sweeping and vague “national security” legislation on Hong Kong that has imperiled the rule of law and undermined the rights to freedom of expression, including for members of the press, and to peaceful assembly. The Secretaries and Ministers noted that both the United States and Australia are taking steps to suspend their respective extradition treaties with Hong Kong as a result of the PRC’s actions and announced mechanisms to admit Hong Kong residents to our countries. They also reiterated their support for the people of Hong Kong to be able to elect Legislative Council representatives via a genuinely free and fair election, which is credible and peaceful, on September 6.

The United States and Australia expressed deep concern over the PRC’s campaign of repression of Uyghurs and members of other minority groups in Xinjiang, including mass detentions, forced labor, pervasive surveillance, restrictions on freedom of religion, and reports of forced abortions and involuntary birth control.” the U.S.-Australia shared statement.” the Joint Statement on Australia-U.S. Ministerial Consultations (AUSMIN) 2020. See the joint statement: https://www.state.gov/joint-statement-on-australia-u-s-ministerial-consultations-ausmin-2020/

[時事英文] 「本土的」和「確診病例」英文怎麼說？
讀懂新聞英文，讓你邏輯表達、托福雅思寫作更有靈感
近 1000 位同學在學的英文思考術 https://bit.ly/3eTHIvH
　
同學看了陳時中部長籲請各方支持我國參加WHO的專文了嗎？
　
這篇專文絕對值得一讀，也統整了我們在粉專上整理出有關肺炎疫情的２５篇文章及關鍵片語：https://bit.ly/2WNcHSj
　
以下已為大家摘錄出中英文對照版，並為各位精選了關鍵詞與片語。原文的完整版連結請詳本文最末。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
The threat of emerging infectious diseases to global health and the economy, trade, and tourism has never abated. Pandemics can spread rapidly around the world because of the ease of international transportation. Among the most salient examples are the Spanish flu of 1918, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak of 2003, and the H1N1 influenza of 2009. Intermittently, serious regional epidemics, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, Ebola in West Africa in 2014, and the Zika virus in Central and South America in 2016, have also reared their heads.
　
1. the threat of ⋯⋯的威脅
2. emerging infectious disease 新興傳染病
3. abate (v.) 減少；消除
4. salient examples 顯著的例子
5. regional epidemics 地區流行疫情；地區性流行病
6. rear their heads（令人不悅之事）發生；出現
　
新興傳染病對全球人類健康及經貿旅遊的威脅從未間斷過，舉凡１９１８年西班牙流感、２００３年嚴重急性呼吸道症候群（ＳＡＲＳ）、２００９年Ｈ１Ｎ１新型流感等爆發的全球大流行，抑或２０１２年中東呼吸症候群冠狀病毒感染症（ＭＥＲＳ）、２０１４年西非伊波拉出血熱、２０１６年中南美洲茲卡病毒感染症等導致的區域大流行，皆因國際航空運輸而加速散播到全球各地，造成全球衛生安全不可避免的傷害。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Today, a novel form of pneumonia that first emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 and has since been classified as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. As of April 20, 2020, World Health Organization data showed that 2.24 million people had been confirmed as having the disease, with 152,551 deaths in 211 countries/areas/territories. Taiwan has not been spared.
　
7. a novel form of ⋯⋯的新種類
8. be classified as 被分類為⋯⋯
9. a global pandemic 全球大流行
10. be confirmed as 被確認為⋯⋯
11. be spared 不被傷害；被赦免
　
更有甚者，２０１９年底從中國武漢傳出的不明原因肺炎，現已在全球各地爆發大流行，截至ＷＨＯ在２０２０年４月８日的統計數據，全球已有1,353,361名確診病例、79,235名死亡，影響範圍擴及２１１個國家／區域／地區，臺灣亦無從倖免。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
As of April 20, Taiwan had tested a total of 55,476 persons showing 422 confirmed cases of COVID-19, of which 55 were indigenous, 343 imported, and 24 are Navy members currently serving in the fleet. Taiwan has reported just six deaths; 203 people have been released from the hospital after testing negative. Despite its proximity to China, Taiwan ranked 123rd among 183 countries in terms of confirmed cases per million people. This has shown that Taiwan’s aggressive efforts to control the epidemic are working.
　
12. as of 截至⋯⋯
13. confirmed cases 確診病例
14. indigenous 本土的
15. proximity to 鄰近
16. in terms of 就⋯⋯而言
17. aggressive efforts 積極的努力
　
截至４月２０日止，我國已累計檢驗55,476例，共發現４２２起確診病例，其中本土５５例、境外移入３４３例以及敦睦遠訓支隊２４例。我國目前６例死亡；經三次採檢均為陰性的出院者２０３例。我國在地理位置上雖鄰近中國，然每百萬人口確診數在國際間排名約第１２３名，顯示臺灣防疫工作成效顯著。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
A crisis anywhere readily becomes a problem everywhere. Global health security requires the efforts of every person to ensure an optimal response to public health threats and challenges. Taiwan, though not a member of WHO, cannot stand alone and must be included in the fight against such threats and challenges. Taiwan has fulfilled its responsibilities as a global citizen and abided by the International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR 2005) in notifying the WHO of confirmed COVID-19 cases.
　
18. global health security 全球衛生安全
19. ensure an optimal response 確保最佳應變措施
20. public health threats and challenges 公共衛生威脅與挑戰
21. fulfill its responsibilities 履行職責
22. abide by 遵守；信守（協議、決定或規章）
23. notify sb. of sth. 將某事通報某人
　
疾病無國界，星星之火足以燎原，地方疫情控制不好即可能造成全球大流行。因此，維護全球衛生安全亟需全體人類共同努力，確保最佳量能因應公共衛生威脅與挑戰。我國雖非ＷＨＯ會員，但無法獨善其身、置身於全球衛生安全之外，故秉持世界公民之責，恪守國際衛生條例２００５（ＩＨＲ ２００５）規範，主動向ＷＨＯ通報確診病例，
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Moreover, Taiwan has communicated with other countries such as Japan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, the United States, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands, as well as the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, to share information on confirmed cases, travel and contact histories of patients, and border control measures. Taiwan has uploaded the genetic sequence of COVID-19 to the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID). Taiwan has worked with global partners to respond to the threat of COVID-19 to ensure that global health is not imperiled by a lack of communication and transparency.
　
24. communicate with 與⋯⋯交流（資訊、思想或感情等）
25. share information on 分享⋯⋯的資訊
26. travel and contact histories 旅行與接觸史
27. border control measures 邊境管制措施
28. genetic sequence 基因序列
29. be imperiled by 因⋯⋯而被危及
30. a lack of communication and transparency 缺乏溝通與透明度
　
同時積極與日本、韓國、新加坡、馬來西亞、菲律賓、美國、加拿大、義大利、法國、瑞士、德國、英國、比利時、荷蘭等國家及歐盟ＣＤＣ分享交流武漢肺炎確診病例、接觸者旅遊史、邊境管制措施等資訊，並將病毒基因序列上傳「全球共享禽流感數據倡議組織（ＧＩＳＡＩＤ）」供各國查詢，共同因應此波新興傳染病毒之威脅，確保全球衛生安全不再因缺乏溝通及透明度而產生致命性盲點。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
We urge the WHO and related parties to acknowledge Taiwan’s longstanding contributions to the international community in the areas of public health, disease prevention, and the human right to health, and to include Taiwan in WHO and its meetings, mechanisms, and activities. Taiwan will continue to work with the rest of the world to ensure that all enjoy the fundamental human right to health as stipulated in the WHO Constitution. Echoing the mantra of the United Nations’2030 Sustainable Development Goals, no one should be left behind.
　
31. urge sb. to do sth. 呼籲某人去做某事
32. longstanding contributions 長期的貢獻
33. disease prevention 疾病預防
34. the human right to health 有關於健康的人權
35. will continue to... 將持續⋯⋯
36. fundamental human right 基本人權
37. the mantra of ⋯⋯的口號
38. no one should be left behind 不遺漏任何人
　
我們籲請ＷＨＯ及相關各方注及臺灣長期以來對全球公共衛生防疫以及健康人權之貢獻，堅定支持將臺灣納入ＷＨＯ，讓臺灣完整參與ＷＨＯ各項會議、機制及活動，與世界各國攜手，共同落實ＷＨＯ憲章「健康是基本人權」及聯合國永續發展目標「不遺漏任何人」之願景。
　
Dr. Chen Shih-chung is Minister of Health and Welfare in the Republic of China (Taiwan).
　
陳時中博士係中華民國衛生福利部部長
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
完整英文版：https://bit.ly/2WLrdKb
　
完整中文版：https://bit.ly/2yOzJQy
　
外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ROC（Taiwan）各國版本：https://bit.ly/2YYRRBU
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Do you think Taiwan will participate in this year's World Health Assembly (WHA)?
　
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＃疫情英文
＃國際時事英文

睇睇睇睇睇哂佢！！！

是咁的法網肥人

見到 文科生習醫的奇幻旅程 同 顥魄砌機 To.Moon DIY 講起網上有人提議太子站恐襲傷者應該向黨鐵同警察展開人身傷亡訴訟。肥人我有做開人身傷亡訴訟，可以簡述一下正常來講一個傷者如何展開人身傷亡訴訟，但係我都會話俾大家知一D好掃興既現實。

本文太長，可能要分一兩日出，免得你地睇到想死。

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首先，我想講下今日東方日報報導一個前法庭書記好高調咁「報稱太子站警打人致情緒困擾」，於是佢向警務署長索償。

肥人想話俾大家聽，如果你唔識做人身傷亡索償 (Personal Injury Action“PI”)，千祈咪亂做，否則你會搞到單野唔三唔四，第二個接手會做到媽媽聲。如果你玩爛左單案，甚至俾人 strike out (踢走)，你變相 discourage 好多後來真正有事想 claim 既受害人。玩還玩，法律唔係討論區你一言我一語咁吹完無後果的。有時用纏擾性訴訟可能令對方投降，但有時你會搞爛整件事。

講返新聞內文，有幾個要點肥人我必須要解釋一下。

(1) 呢位前法庭書記報稱在電視直播中看見警方執法畫面，感到恐懼，情緒受困擾，更害怕搭地鐵；
(2) 疑患上「創傷後壓力症候群」（Post-traumatic Stress Disorder “PTSD”）;
(3) 入稟小額錢債審裁處，向「一哥」申索5000港元賠償；
(4) 認為9月1日警方以警棍毆打地鐵上沒有構成威脅的乘客，無視《警察通例》中使用「最低程度武力」指引，不合比例的尺度超出「朱經緯案」，因而向警務處處長申索。

報導話呢位前法庭書記係想用小額錢債 (Small Claim Tribunal) 做 PI。PI 係 tort claim (侵權法申索)，係需要爭拗誰是誰非，邊個有 duty，邊個 breach 左個 duty，邊個 negligent，唔可以三兩句就完事。用 small claim 做 PI，就好似用牛油刀鋸智能燈柱一樣。而 small claim 呢，就主要係做「任何就合約、準合約或侵權行為而提出的金錢申索，而申索款額不超過$75,000者…」（參考香港法例第338章《小額錢債審裁處條例》附表－審裁處的司法管轄權），基本上係 D 細藝野。

如果你認真想 claim 對方，請正正經經搵律師循正常途徑做，OK? 但文中呢位前法庭書記話自己因為9月1日太子黨鐵站既恐襲而有 PTSD，所以去 claim 5000蚊。咁問題係邊？

如果俾你 claim到，係咪叫以後真係有 PTSD 既傷者只可以最高 claim 5000? 你set 一個咁既先例，幫政府節省開支？好啦，如果審裁處覺得你個 claim frivolous and vexatious，踢返你個 claim 走，然後東方又大肆報導，咁你係咪想 discourage 一班真正有需要而又好徬徨既受害人？唔好玩啦。This is not funny.

------------------------------

好啦，講返上面四點。

第一點呢位仁兄話係電視直播中見到警方執法畫面而感到恐懼，情緒受困擾，更害怕搭地鐵。肥人我講返原告人個 standing先。呢位仁兄係歸入 psychiatric illness – secondary victims, bystander之內。係 McLoughlin v. O’Brian [1983] 1 AC 410 一案之中，原告人McLoughlin 太太獲知自己丈夫同三個子女遇到意外，原告人趕到醫院，親眼見到自己一個細路死左，丈夫同另外兩個細路滿身泥濘重傷，佢即時精神崩潰。後來原告人向 O'Brian 提出索償，以彌補自己精神上既創傷。案件上到英國 House of Lords，McLoughlin 太太最後勝訴，法官Lord Wilberforce 係判詞裡面指出呢類精神傷害 claim，原告人必須，係必須，符合以下三點：

1. The proximity of such persons to the accident;
2. The means by which the shock is caused; and
3. Closeness of ties with the person or persons imperiled.

即係 (1)原告人必須要與事件在時間與位置上都要非常接近；(2)原告人必須親眼見到即時慘狀；及(3)原告人必須與受害人有親密關係。McLoughlin 太太呢個 case，佢係接獲通知飛奔去醫院親眼見到自己先生同子女既慘狀，然後受到好大精神打擊。呢位前法庭書記呢？

第二點，呢位前法庭書記懷疑自己患上PTSD。現實上，凡係人身傷亡申索包括呢類 secondary victims 既 psychiatric illness claim，原告人係必須要有香港註冊專科醫生證明你有呢個健康問題，然後得到法庭批准，先可以拎份報告呈堂。你話自己有病而無證明？算吧啦。

第三點，雖然 Small Claim 有 jurisdiction 去審 tort claim，但現實中無人會用small claim 來做PI，一來 small claim 唔可以用律師，你叫 layman 點自己做？二來 small claim 銀碼唔大，如果你真係好傷，你點會 claim 幾萬咁少？你玩野壓低條 claim 以為可以玩政府，你其實開條路俾被告壓價！你叫以後上來既受害人點？

最後一點，呢位仁兄個 cause of action 真係…. 大家睇返 McLoughlin case，唔使睇 pleadings 都應該知道 McLoughlin 太太個 cause of action 應該係導致意外發生既人疏忽，令McLoughlin太太失去至親，佢目睹慘狀而精神崩潰。呢位前法庭書記呢？另外，我都講過《警察通例》係好似運輸署既 Road Users’ Code 一樣，無法律效力。我地做一般交通意外索償，起碼都要被告人被控不小心駕駛或者危險駕駛啦！被告無 conviction，你叫佢點會 admit liability? 佢死人都同你糾纏呀！尤其是你依家對住政府，佢地大把 resources 同你玩呀！

我好語重心長咁講，有陣時你玩膠無傷大雅，有時你玩膠會害到其他人。我地係參與緊翻天覆地既全民抗爭，有一D位唔可以好東張西望100毛咁「香港人輕鬆下啦」！呢場仗輸左，受害人好可能連醫藥賠償都得唔到呀！如果最後政府贏左無警察被刑事檢控，抗爭者不單止走佬都唔掂，受傷既無辜平民連醫藥費都無著落，一心玩野既人，請高抬貴手啦！

* 下一篇講如何開展PI

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* 再講一講 psychiatric illness claim。上面提到 secondary victim，咁有無 primary victim 呀？有！睇返一個經典英國案例 Dulieu v White [1901] 2 KB 669，案中原告人係一位孕婦，有一日佢係老公開果間 bar 裡面，有架馬車撞入佢老公間 bar，佢嚇到有 psychiatric shock 然後早產，胎兒亦有早產後遺症，雖然佢無實質身體傷害，法庭都判佢贏，因為佢係兜口兜面咁遇到意外，雖然佢身體無受傷但嚇到早產嘛！咁你地知道咩人可以 claim psychiatric illness as a primary victim啦！

#做人要識分輕重
#你係嚴肅對抗極權唔係笑聲救地球
#第一篇完