When I pray in tongues, I receive revelations, prophetic words, and visions. Sometimes also words of knowledge for fellow believers who need healing or are struggling with an area in their life.

Praying with the understanding can become difficult and tiring as the mind struggles to find words to pray.

However, with praying in tongues, the utterances supplied by the Holy Spirit just roll off the tongue.

I can even pray in tongues while reading a book or doing my other types of work, proving that it’s not gibberish fabricated by the mind, but rather it’s from the Spirit in your spirit, so the mind does not have to be activated for it.

In my opinion, praying in tongues is the prayer of perfect faith because you have to trust that you are praying for the right things according to God’s will since you cannot understand what you’re saying.

You must have full trust in God, that whatever you are saying will work for your good, and not produce an outcome that you dislike or dread.

This inability to understand what you’re saying in tongues works for your good. Your mind cannot doubt what it does not understand.

If we knew what we were saying in tongues, many of us would be scared and not leave home. If the words were intelligible, the devil would be able to form some kind of counterattack to stop God’s plans.

I am glad that through tongues we can pray without understanding what we are saying. This way, we can cooperate with God to speak His will to pass.

Keep this life-giving river flowing by muttering in tongues under your breath throughout the day. This is how you can pray and give thanks to God at all times in a restful and easy way.

No devil, man, nor our own unbelief can hinder the good things that are coming as a result of praying the pure words of God!

Learn more about praying in tongues, how to receive this spiritual gift, as well as the other mighty spiritual weapons we have in Christ in my ebook about spiritual warfare, called “Silencing The Serpent”: https://bit.ly/silence-the-serpent-now

淺談「假新聞」

最近上課時學到一個新單字「positionality」，讓我想到當前社群媒體上，不停看到的「fake news」——假新聞。

簡言之，「positionality」(位置性) 被定義為於種族、階級、性別、性取向以及能力等狀態中，創造你身分的社會與政治背景。位置性還描述了你的身分如何影響你對世界的理解與看法，以及潛在的偏見。

positionality 位置性；定位
https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/3390885/
https://www.lexico.com/definition/positionality

以下是我對「positionality」與 「fake news」的些許觀點：

“Fake news” has permeated all facets of life, ranging from social media interaction to presidential elections. Fake news can be defined as “fabricated information that mimics news media content in form but not in organizational process or intent” (Lazer et al., 2018, p. 1094). The creators and outlets of fake news do not ensure the accuracy and credibility of information, but rather disseminate misinformation or disinformation for purposes ranging from personal amusement to creating deceptions to achieve political aims. At times, fake news is created and disseminated by state or non-state actors using social media accounts and networks of bots designed to hijack feed algorithms of platforms such as Twitter or Facebook (Prier, 2017, p. 54). In the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, Facebook estimated that up to 60 million bots were used to post political content. Some of the same bots were then used in an attempt to influence the 2017 French election (Lazer et al., 2018, p. 1095). Such campaigns can be understood as a form of information warfare, a comprehensive attempt to control and influence every facet of the information supply chain, thereby influencing public opinion and behaviors. (Prier, 2017, p. 54). Often, fake news is not directly created by actors that seek to manipulate but by journalists or content creators whose content favors or aligns with the narratives of these actors (Doshi, 2020).

從社群媒體的互動到總統選舉，「假新聞」（fake news）已滲透至生活的各個層面。假新聞可被定義為「在形式上而非組織過程或意圖上，模仿新聞媒體內容所捏造的資訊」（Lazer et al., 2018, p. 1094）。無論是出於個人愛好或為達政治目的而有所欺瞞，假新聞的製造者與傳播管道並不保證資訊的準確性與可信度，反而是為了散播錯誤訊息（misinformation）或扭曲訊息（disinformation）。有時，假新聞是由國家或非國家行為者（state or non-state actors）所製造與傳播，藉由社群媒體帳號及網絡機器人來劫持諸如臉書與推特等平臺的推送演算法（Prier, 2017, p. 54）。在2016年的美國總統大選中，臉書估計有多達６千萬個機器人被用來發布政治貼文。其中，有部分機器人被用於影響隔年的法國大選（Lazer et al., 2018, p. 1095）。此類行動可視為資訊戰（information warfare）的一種形式，一種對控制與影響資訊供應鏈各環節的全面嘗試，從而影響公眾輿論與行為（Prier, 2017, p. 54）。假新聞通常是由記者或內容創造者（content creators）所創造，而非試圖操弄的行為者，前者的內容偏好符合後者的敘事（Doshi, 2020）。

Nevertheless, while the term “fake news” is commonplace, there is no universal, measurable way to quantify the fakeness or truthfulness of news. There are many fact-checking and media-bias detection tools, but they cannot objectively detect and clarify the more subtle and nuanced aims of manipulative actors that play a crucial role in news production. It can also be argued that the veracity of news depends not only on the actors that seek to manipulate it, but also on the positionality of its consumers. Therefore, one’s initial line of defense against misleading news lies not in the plethora of fact-checking devices but more in one’s pre-existing dispositions and skills to think and act in response to misleading information. This ability can be referred to as critical thinking, which can be more concretely expounded as “reasonable and reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do” (Ennis, 2011, p. 15).

然而，即便「假新聞」一詞隨處可見，卻沒有統一、可衡量的方式來量化新聞的虛假性或真實性。目前有許多事實查核與媒體偏見檢測工具，但它們無法客觀地檢測與說明行為操弄者更狡猾、更細緻的目標，而這些操弄者往往在新聞的生產中發揮著重要作用。我們也可以說，新聞的真實性不僅取決於試圖操弄它的行為者，同時還取決於新聞受眾的位置性。因此，一個人對抗誤導性新聞的第一道防線，不在於這些五花八門的事實查核方式，反而在於個人所固有的性格，以及針對誤導性資訊的思考與行動等相關技能。這種能力可稱為批判性思考（critical thinking），意即「專注於決定相信什麼或做什麼的理性思考與反思性思考」（Ennis, 2011, p. 15）。

Taiwan, also known as the Republic of China (ROC), is at the forefront of information warfare. It is wedged between the geopolitical struggles of global and regional hegemonies such as the United States and China, the People's Republic of China (PRC). Compounding the matter are the Taiwan’s own political actors vying for influence and power. This struggle seeps into all aspects of life and practice, mainly manifesting itself on social media, a battleground of information warfare. The Ministry of Education of Taiwan is cognizant of these information campaigns, and efforts have been made to introduce media literacy into all parts of its education system. According to the ministry, the government has tried to promote media literacy education since 2000 (MOE, 2002, p. 1), with one of its primary goals to cultivate its “citizens” abilities for independent learning, critical thinking, and problem solving” (MOE, 2002, p. 2).

臺灣，也被稱為中華民國，正處於資訊戰的最前線。這是全球霸權與地區霸權之間——如美國與中國（中華人民共和國）——的地緣政治對抗。使問題惡化的是臺灣自身的政治行動者對影響力與權力的奪取。這場對抗遍布於現實生活的各個面向，主要於社群媒體中——資訊戰的戰場——展露無遺。臺灣的教育部注意到了這些資訊的煙硝，並已努力將媒體素養引入其教育體系。據該部稱，自2000年以來，政府一直試圖推展媒體素養教育（MOE, 2002, p. 1），其主要目標之一是培養「公民獨立學習、批判性思考以及解決問題的能力。」（MOE, 2002, p. 2）。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

上述段落認為，由於個人的位置性(positionality)，「假新聞」極難定義。此外，有許多人把不符合自身成見與偏好的新聞逕斥為假新聞。這其實相當危險，因為個人觀點將會變得愈發孤立與激進。

閱聽人應意識到，他們在網路上看到的每個資訊都有特定立場。是否真有毫無立場的新聞文章？為了對抗操弄性或強制性資訊（coercive information），我們必須意識到權力於個中的作用，以及我們自身的位置性如何形塑我們的詮釋。這是我們的第一道防線。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

參考文獻

Doshi, R. (2020, January). China steps up its information war in Taiwan. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved March, 21, 2021, from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2020-01-09/china-steps-its-information-war-taiwan

Ennis, R. H. (1985). A logical basis for measuring critical thinking skills. Educational leadership, 43(2), 44-48.

Lazer, D. M., Baum, M. A., Benkler, Y., Berinsky, A. J., Greenhill, K. M., Menczer, F., ... & Zittrain, J. L. (2018). The science of fake news. Science, 359(6380), 1094-1096.

MOE (Ministry of Education), Taiwan. (2002). White paper on media literacy educational policy. Retrieved March, 21, 2021, from http://english.moe.gov.tw/public/Attachment/ 2122416591771.pdf

Prier, J. (2017). Commanding the trend: Social media as information warfare. Strategic Studies Quarterly: SSQ, 11(4), 50-85.

★★★★★★★★★★★★

教育時評: http://bit.ly/39ABON9

相關詞彙: https://bit.ly/2UncrfI

TED相關影片: https://bit.ly/3BDsDKl

The Taiwan International Workers' Association (TIWA), a migrant worker protection group, has uncovered a labor broker that continued to collect fees and even fabricated residence permits despite having its business license revoked.
https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202105100018

Top phim MẠO DANH / ĐÁNH CẮP NHÂN DẠNG

Đây không phải review phim hay tóm tắt phim!

I got a welding machine! It's gonna be challenging but i like it! So many things to fabricated for my 2JZ build. Really can't wait to drift this baby! Hand build it always the best!

Check out the playlist of this build!
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Contact
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《SPARK-AGAIN》
Ash flame / 焰火餘燼
作詞 / Lyricist：aimerrhythm
作曲 / Composer：永澤和真
編曲 / Arranger：玉井健二、 百田留衣
歌 / Singer：Aimer
翻譯：澄野（CH Music Channel）
意譯：CH（CH Music Channel）
English Translation: CH（CH Music Channel）

背景 / Background - Memory - tarbo:
https://www.pixiv.net/artworks/66951851

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If you like my videos, please click like and subscribe! Thx :)

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Check my Facebook page for more information!
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中文翻譯 / Chinese Translation :
https://home.gamer.com.tw/creationDetail.php?sn=4911625

日文歌詞 / Japanese Lyrics :
うらぶれたシグナル　無暗に光らせ
果てない迷路　進んだってどうせ
a 9 days wonder　絡まった旋律
解かぬままリピートしたら　いつまでも　疼いて痛い

満ち足りない
変わりはしない？　この世界
心したいようにして　吠える勇気は　微塵もないくせに
愛されたい
すがろうとしてるの？　もういいって
澱んでくだけの思いこそ解けば

夜を撃つ　サイレン　夢想への SOS
全部　朽ち果てていいから
透き通った一瞬を　呼び覚ましてよ
ねえ　ここから　Ash flame　宿して抗え
どんな無様でも手を伸ばせ
苦い笑みも　ひび割れたくらいじゃ　壊れやしない

ぐしゃぐしゃ　丸めて心を　捨てようとして
的外れのまま　耐えるのには長すぎる滑走路
託されたい　変えようとしてるよ　どうしたって
だからお願い　あのフレイズを繋いでみせて

ぼやけたシグナル　両手にあつめて
急かすように　紡ぎだしたストーリー
a 9 days wonder　真夜中の不文律
ひとつも置いていかないよ　いつまでも　抱いていよう

夜を穿つ　サイレン　瞬くは SOS
どんなに　汚れ　削られても
夢という怪物は　美しいんだよ
何度でも　Ash flame　宿して刃向かおう
誰に追われても構わない
過ぎし日の cloud nine　宿命果たすまで　絶やさないよ

中文歌詞 / Chinese Lyrics :
落下深淵的破舊信號燈，僅是毫無意義與規律地閃爍著
心中不存在終點的迷宮，無論如何前進也無法改變
僅需曇花一現般的短暫，便能呈現內心糾纏成結的雜亂旋律
若不解開而任其肆意反覆迴響——便將深藏心頭隱隱作痛

「還不滿足嗎？」
「難道連一點變化都沒有嗎？這無趣的世界。」
內心故作在意一般，卻連一絲回過頭喊叫的勇氣都沒有
「我僅是渴望被愛。」
「現在還在乞求能夠被拯救嗎？差不多夠了吧？」
若能將陷至水底深淵的思緒解開的話——

在這夜晚響徹的鳴笛，將劃破夜空為夢想呼救
哪怕一切早已腐朽枯涸也無妨
在萬物沉寂，而能聽見聲音的那一瞬喚醒我吧
聽我說，就從現在起，哪怕此身由焰火餘燼所成，仍不畏抵抗
即便那是多麼不堪入目的模樣，只要伸出手——
就算僅能迎來苦澀的強顏歡笑，也不會只因些許裂痕而盡數毀壞消逝

想將蜷曲成團、早已碎裂崩壞的內心捨棄擲出
卻難以擲中目標，看來膽怯而緩和衝擊的跑道仍太過冗長
希望能受到託付，故仍試著改變紊亂的心，難道不行嗎？
所以，就拜託你了，請將那纏繞我心的旋律一同繫起

早已模糊不清的老舊信號燈，就用這雙手收集四溢的光芒吧
如此朦朧，彷彿受催促而編撰出的故事般破碎
曇花一現般消逝，於午夜的月光下不成文形
哪怕早已四散，我也不會拋下任何事物離去。不論何時，我都會緊抱所有

在這夜晚響徹的鳴笛，將轉瞬穿過夜空呼救
不論染上多少汙穢、不論被剝奪了多少
曾名為「夢想」的怪物，仍是如此令人著迷
我將不斷地化作焰火餘燼，緊握利刃奮力前行
即便遭遇他人追趕阻卻也無妨
為了重拾逝去的欣喜過往，在抵至命運終點之前，我永不停歇

英文歌詞 / English Lyrics :
The falling shabby signal recklessly sparkles.
There's no meaning keep walking in this endless maze.
A 9 days' wonder with tangled rhythm.
If you don't untie it and just let it repeatedly playing, you only receive more pain in the end.

Not satisfied.
"Still no changes in this world, huh?"
As if keeping in mind, yet I don't possess any courage to yell it out loud.
I want to be loved.
"Still begging for help? It's enough."
If I can release all those emotions precipitating like dregs in the deepwater...

The siren that blasts through the night is the SOS sent from a dream.
I don't mind if it has already died in obscurity.
Call and wake me the moment when everything is clear.
Hey, I'll resist like the ash flame existing in my body from now on.
No matter how clumsy I may look like, I'll reach out my hand.
Even if the result is a bitter laugh, it won't break just by some cracks.

I have thrown this twisted, broken heart away.
Yet I can't hit my aim, the runway that endures impact seems to be too long.
I want to be reliable; I want to change no matter what. What's wrong with that?
So please, help me connect with that phrase.

The fuzzy signal I collected with my hand.
It's obscure as if the story that fabricated abruptly.
A 9 days' wonder with midnight's unwritten law.
I won't leave anything behind; I'll hold them forever.

The siren that pierces through the night is the instant SOS.
I don't care how much it has been tainted or deprived.
The monster called "dream" is fascinating.
I'll move forward with the knife like the ash flame existing in my body, again and again.
I don't care who tries to chase and stop me.
I won't let the flame die until I fulfill my fate and regain those bygone days of cloud nine.