📢 Mighty Tech🚩
🔑 A new milestone for 3C products⛳️
Research released by Harvard shows that #LithiumBatteries made of solid metal materials instead of lithium ions can reduce the probability of dendrites formation, #ExtendBatteryLife and #ImproveChargingEfficiency🔋
Lithium batteries are the energy core of current 3C products and also play a key role in the issue of #ElectricVehicles. Therefore, effectively reducing the probability of dendrites is really good news for the field of electric vehicles💥
📌Source 👉https://bit.ly/3vr7zmW
--------------------
📢邁特新知🚩
🔑 3C產品的新里程碑⛳️
由哈佛發布的研究顯示，透過固態金屬材料取代鋰離子製成的鋰電池，能降低樹枝狀結晶生成的機率，#延長電池使用時間 還能 #提高充電效率 🔋
鋰電池是目前 3C 電子產品的能源核心，在 #電動車 議題中也扮演關鍵角色，因此，有效降低樹枝狀結晶的機率，對於電動車領域著實是一個好消息💥
📌更多資訊 👉https://bit.ly/3vr7zmW

I find this interesting and scary. Can any of you ease my mind and dispel this?

Mercury Myth: Only a trace amount of thimerosal is used when added to vaccines.

Truth: Thimerosal is added at a concentration of 1:10000. That is equivalent to 100,000 parts per billion (ppb). Half of thimerosal (C9H9HgNaO2S) is mercury. That makes 50,000 ppb mercury in the vaccine.

• 2 ppb mercury is the mandated limit in drinking water

• 200 ppb mercury in liquid waste renders it a toxic hazard

• 25,000 ppb is found in infant flu shots

• 50,000 ppb is found in regular flu shots — recommended for children, pregnant women, the elderly...

In different terms, there are 250,000 nanomolars Hg in a 0.5 ml flu shot.

It only takes 4 nM Hg to cause failure in the dendrites responsible for immune response and to cause cell death in brain neurons.

Thimerosal is toxic to developing neurons at 1 nM (1 ppb).

In other words, exceptionally low levels of thimerosal can impede neuron growth and function without actually killing the neurons.

http://www.vaccinesafety.edu/thi-table.htm

Myth: Ethylmercury from a vaccine is less toxic than methylmercury from fish or the environment.

Truth: A paper published in 2005 showed that baby primates injected with ethylmercury retain twice as much inorganic mercury in their brains as primates exposed to equal amounts of ingested methylmercury.

Both are forms of organic mercury. Organic converts to inorganic inside cells and becomes trapped. The cells start failing.

Here is a video of mercury's effect on neurons.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XU8nSn5Ezd8

Here is a table of thimerosal content in currently licensed vaccines according to the FDA.
http://www.vaccinesafety.edu/thi-table.htm

The table lists 'trace amounts' of thimerosal ranging from 0.00012% to 0.0033%.
That's equivalent to 1,200 ppb to 33,000 ppb.
Research shows thimerosal is toxic to neurons at 1 ppb.

Those 'trace amounts' are still 4 to 5 orders of magnitude higher.
Other vaccines are listed as ‘thimerosal-free’ or ‘mercury-free’.

But thimerosal is still used in the production process for many of those vaccines, after which an effort is made to filter it out.

Unfortunately the mercury has already bonded to proteins used in the vaccines and cannot be completely removed.

There is no safe level of mercury exposure.
http://www.fda.gov/…/SafetyAvailab…/VaccineSafety/UCM096228…

In 2004 the CDC's Chief of the Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch gave a presentation to the Institute of Medicine (IOM).

On page 21 he showed the following chemicals linked to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) — thimerosal, thalidomide, lead, ethanol, valproic acid, and retinoids.

Some more math
So how much does “trace” mean? According to the CDC, it says less than or equal to 0.3mcg per dose.
Also the math on how many ppb in a “thimerosal free” vaccine:

0.3 mcg / 0.5mL =
0.3 mcg / .0005L =
…3,000 mcg / 5L =
600 mcg / L
1 mg/KG = 1 PPM (formal definition of PPM)
1 L = 1 KG (density of water or saline solution)
1 mcg/L = 1 PPB (because 1 KG and 1 L of water are equivalent)
THEREFORE:
600 mcg / L =
600 ppb Thimerosal in the “thimerosal-free” vaccine

Flu vaccine has “only” 25 mcg Thimerosal. The shot is 0.5mL. Let’s do some math:
25 mcg / 0.5mL =
25 mcg / .0005L =
250,000 mcg / 5L =
50,000 mcg / L
1 mcg / L = 1 ppb, therefore
The shot has 50,000 ppb of Thimerosal

Remember that 2 ppb mercury is the mandated limit in drinking water and normally 200 ppb would label something a toxic hazard.

So, in THIS study the reality shows that even though ethyl mercury may be excreted and or detoxed faster than methyl mercury, actually they both are potentially neuro-toxic and well potentially cumulative. How much ethyl mercury is left in the brain and other organs of the body, ir-regardless of the rate of assumed detox?

Arch Toxicol. 1985 Sep;57(4):260-7.
The comparative toxicology of ethyl- and methyl mercury.
Magos L, Brown AW, Sparrow S, Bailey E, Snowden RT, Skipp WR
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4091651

‘Mercury is known to be neurotoxic and has effects on the immune system as well. Mast cells are involved in allergic reactions, and also in inflammation, and innate and acquired immunity. Autistic individuals have a 10-fold greater number of hyperactive mast cells in most tissues. Mercury stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin (IL)-6 release from mast cells. These mediators could disrupt the blood–brain barrier and cause brain inflammation (Kempuraj et al., 2010)’ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2850891/

http://www.sailhome.org/Concerns/Vaccines/Thimerosal.html

【HK01】鋰離子電池見末路　新電池開發競賽展開

當手機已從「大哥大」演變到智能電話，鋰離子電池面世廿多年來卻大同小異，離技術瓶頸極限不遠。5G、電動車、太陽能電網、飛天車（flying cars）等各種未來潮流紛紛湧至，正需要一場電池革命來支持。

種種問題使現有的鋰離子電池逐漸走到盡頭，難以應付未來的科技潮流。科學界、業界、初創公司等各有進路，針對不同元件，以不同新材料來徹底改造鋰離子電池。

方向一：鋰矽電池

矽（silicon）是其中一種備受看好的材料，前Tesla員工貝迪基夫斯基 （Gene Berdichevsky） 創立的Sila Nanotechnologies就用矽來着手改善石墨陽極：「在六、七年前開始已看到石墨的局限，現時它在電池的熱動能基本上已發揮至極限。」從結構上來說，每個矽原子可與四個鋰離子結合，作為陽極材料，與相若重量的石墨相比，可儲存十倍數量的鋰離子。但這種優勢亦帶來另一難題，正因為能儲存更多的鋰離子，矽陽極會因而劇烈膨脹最高達400%，充電時會自行毀爛。

針對這個難題，Sila聲稱已找到解決方法。貝迪基夫斯基說經過三萬次嘗試，他們成功創造出一種微米級大小的球體結構，充電時的膨脹只會在結構內部發生，外部不受影響。Sila的技術獲德國車廠BMW青睞，計劃在2023年於部分電動車上使用這種物料，並預期可增加10至15%電池能量。事實上，特斯拉現時的電池陽極已添加了少量的矽，除Sila之外，Enevate、Enovix等初創公司也以矽來開發電池。

方向二：鋰硫電池

鋰硫電池是另一股開發潮流，即利用硫（sulphur）作為電池陰極。電池專家史尼迪卡（David Snydacker）說：「鋰硫電池雖然每公升能量不算很好，但硫陰極勝在夠輕。」不過，這種電池重複充電時會在陰極中產生「枝晶」（dendrites），有可能穿過隔膜接觸陽極，造成短路。

索尼（Sony）聲稱已解決這個問題，並預計於2020年推出使用鋰硫電池的電子產品至市場。同樣針對陰極改良的還有古迪納夫的學生葛蕾（Clare Grey），她正着手研製鋰空氣（Lithium-air）電池。理論上，這種電池可有更高的能量密度，但現階段即使在實驗室也無法穩定地充電，充電次數也有限，遑論在現實中使用。

方向三：固態電池

對於這些進路， 美國電池初創公司Ionic Materials創辦人齊默爾曼（Mike Zimmerman） 認為固態電池（solid-state battery）才是最終答案：「很多人在研究改良不同的陰極、陽極，但對電池發展最大的阻力是電解質，也正是我們努力改進之處。」所謂固態電池，即把現時電池的電極或液態電解質，以一種聚合物的固態材質取代，如玻璃或陶瓷等，這樣做最大好處是電池體積較小且容量高，比現時液態的鋰離子電子更便宜和不易燃外，理論上也更快和更長壽。「同樣容量下，固態電池可提供雙倍能量。第一波固態電池應可在無人機中看到。」史尼迪卡說。

中國飛天車公司億航（Ehang）的共同創辦人熊逸放則補充：「固態電池展現出很高的能量密度，可延長飛行器具的電池壽命，但其他性能例如發電能力仍有待改進。」固態電池何時能推出市面仍屬未知之數，豐田（Toyota）車廠便承認在量產固態電池時仍有些問題尚待解決，另一日本車廠日產（Nissan）的研發及工程高級副總裁淺見孝雄今年4月時更說：「所有固態電池，大致上都仍處於早期研究階段，現階段『實際上是零』。」

方向四：超級電容

在更遠的將來，電池可能不再止於鋰離子。英國初創公司ZapGo正以碳來研製電池，靈感來自超級電容（Supercapacitor）。有別於鋰離子電池所使用的化學方法，電容儲電以物理方式用電場儲電，就像氣球上的靜電。由於不涉及化學反應，電池不會像鋰離子電池般因長年累月充電和發電而快速耗損，故較為長壽。ZapGo創辦人禾拉（Stephen Voller）聲稱其電池可承受10萬次放電，是鋰離子電池的100倍，每天充電的話相當於可用30年。

不過，超級電容儲電量不及鋰離子電池，亦很快無電，鋰離子電池充電後能儲電長達兩周，超級電容則只有幾小時。能源儲存科學家海格特（Donald Highgate）就認為兩者可互補，未來手機可以既有一、兩分鐘快速充電，又有鋰離子電池作後備：「若有快速充電功能，你可以在攪拌咖啡時，讓手機在感應線圈上充電。」但要這樣做，需要對充電器作出修改，因為傳統鋰離子電池的充電設計是刻意減慢充電速度以防止起火，而ZapGo或任何超級電容系統則需要與之相反的充電器。

ZapGo現時仍不夠能量推動一部手機，禾拉預計要到2022年或「iPhone 15」推出時才能面世。然而，包括戴森設計工程學院（Dyson School of Design Engineering）谷巴（Sam Cooper）在內的一些專家質疑，電器商對這種長壽電池是否感興趣：「對手機製造商來說，有很強的經濟誘因讓他們的手機在推出下一代時就『死亡』。」

一枚鋰離子電池造就了一個科技時代，這場最新的電池研發競賽鹿死誰手仍言之過早，但勝出者很可能會改寫出另一個科技時代。

#科技