[爆卦]Codify是什麼?優點缺點精華區懶人包

雖然這篇Codify鄉民發文沒有被收入到精華區:在Codify這個話題中,我們另外找到其它相關的精選爆讚文章

在 codify產品中有3篇Facebook貼文,粉絲數超過8萬的網紅本土研究社 Liber Research Community,也在其Facebook貼文中提到, 【震驚英國外交部的丁屋問題】 丁權司法覆核上訴聆訊,丁屋政策是否屬基本法第40條的「合法傳統權益」之一,成了聆訊焦點。政府及鄉議局認為,既然丁屋政策屬「合法傳統權益」,那麼就算丁屋政策歧視非原居民及女性,都不會不合法。但若基本法第40條真的包括丁屋政策,會否令其與「反歧視」條文基本法第39條(公民...

 同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...

  • codify 在 本土研究社 Liber Research Community Facebook 的最佳解答

    2020-08-14 15:44:08
    有 816 人按讚

    【震驚英國外交部的丁屋問題】

    丁權司法覆核上訴聆訊,丁屋政策是否屬基本法第40條的「合法傳統權益」之一,成了聆訊焦點。政府及鄉議局認為,既然丁屋政策屬「合法傳統權益」,那麼就算丁屋政策歧視非原居民及女性,都不會不合法。但若基本法第40條真的包括丁屋政策,會否令其與「反歧視」條文基本法第39條(公民權利和政治權利國際公約,即ICCPR)矛盾?這點須由法庭決定。

    為何丁屋政策實行近半世紀,竟沒人處理如此明顯的憲法矛盾?最新解密檔案揭示,30年前港府與英政府曾就相同矛盾激辯過,英政府曾一度咬著新界土地特權不放,要求港府交代丁屋政策如何合乎人權,但衛奕信對此左閃右避,指事情應由將來的法庭定奪【註】。要是當年了斷了丁屋政策,今天的丁權司法覆核案就不用發生。

    -衛奕信為保丁屋 不惜與外相罵戰及假傳聖旨-

    六四事件後,港英政府希望盡快通過《香港人權法案條例草案》(《條例草案》),將ICCPR法律成文化(codify),為97後港人人權提供防護網。由於《條例草案》有凌駕性,港府的法例和政策不能與其有衝突,丁屋政策歧視女性及非原居民,極有可能違法。衛奕信坦承,新界土地特權的差別待遇(differentiation in treatment)屬歧視,但這些歧視「保存新界鄉村文化」,所以仍然「合理和客觀」(reasonable and objective)。衞奕信或許心知丁屋政策或未能在法理上站得住腳,亦「戴頭盔」指這個潛在的憲法矛盾未有權威的法律解釋(no authoritative interpretation yet)。即便如此,衛奕信建議一動不如一靜,不取消丁屋政策。

    時任英外交部法律顧問Paul Fifoot 十分驚訝,指港府作為丁屋政策始作俑者,竟沒有思考國際人權公約責任,是不負責任(It is irresponsible for an Administration to legislate in such a manner that they are unprepared to say what they believe the consequences are);外相韓達德(Douglas Hurd)甚至直指不能信服(not convinced)。想不到的是,衛奕信竟為此與外交部展開「罵戰」。外交部繼續要求衛奕信正視問題,認為終有一天港府要被迫澄清歧視性的新界土地政策如何不違反人權(....you came under pressure to clarify the relationship between NT policies and the ICCPR)。衛奕信對此甚為不悅,將外交部的告誡形容為「如同法官般的語調」(surprised by the admonitory and magisterial tone),韓達德也不客氣,直指就衛奕信對外交部認真而詳細的建議如此輕蔑(dismissive response),感到氣餒。

    最後衛奕信搬出「聖旨」,指早於1976年英國通過ICCPR並在適用於香港時,英政府已考慮新界土地政策與ICCPR的兼容性(at the time, HMG gave a view on the compatibility of existing New Territories land policies)。外交部對此甚為愕然,因當年主理相關事宜的外交官也對此無印象。結果英政府花了五個月時間翻查檔案,才證實衛奕信「假傳聖旨」(there is no record of HMG having given a view...no indication that any department in London had raised the question, nor that Hong Kong had explicitly done so)。檔案顯示,衛奕信於1990年7月12日開始與外相展開罵戰,4天後「假傳聖旨」,而外交部在同年11月才搞清楚衛奕信「講大話」。翻查立法時序,《條例草案》在7月20日刊憲,同月26日已送往立法局首讀,顯示衛奕信一邊混淆外交部以爭取時間,一邊匆匆將《條例草案》送往立法程序。

    衛奕信有意無意透過假傳聖旨「過骨」放生丁屋政策,令時任外交部法律顧問Jill Barrett甚為懊惱,除了於檔案內指出衛奕信對丁屋政策的看法沒法律基礎,更直指他事實上誤導了行政局及英政府(factually misleading)。檔案顯示,英政府無再就此事追究衛奕信,將爛攤子留給今天的法庭處理。

    -違反人權 將是丁屋政策死穴-

    從檔案可見,衛奕信曾嘗試辯護丁屋歧視的正當性,但在是次丁權司法覆核案聆訊中,政府已全面「轉軚」,不再為此辯護,只謂基本法第40條有其權威,法庭不必去研究丁屋政策的歧視是否正當(justified)或合乎比例(proportional)。顯示詳細研究後,政府或許都「心知肚明」丁屋是不能在ICCPR的國際人權準則下證明正當合理的。這點或許可從原審法官周家明的判詞中看到-若參考根據以往與人權相關案例,丁屋政策的差別待遇顯然不能被證明正當(In my view, it is clear that the preferential treatment….cannot be justified under the justification tests...,判詞第24段),丁屋政策的歧視性在法律層面上似乎已有定論,這份密檔或會成為終結丁屋政策的「利器」。

    -----
    【註】明報2020年1月1日 丁屋政策爭議「留法院定奪」 英外交部批衛督不負責任
    http://bit.ly/39x2ONV

    【原審判詞】 HCAL260/2015 ; [2019] HKCFI 867 Date: 08/04/2019
    KWOK CHEUK KIN AND ANOTHER v. DIRECTOR OF LANDS AND OTHERS; Reported in: [2020] 1 HKLRD 988 https://bit.ly/3gY4sM2

    【參考資料】
    FCO40/3112 Hong Kong Bill of Rights (Part D)
    FCO40/3113 Hong Kong Bill of Rights (Part E)
    FCO40/3114 Hong Kong Bill of Rights (Part F)
    -----
    延伸閱讀

    【申請權 vs 建屋權】法官:政府能全權決定是否批准丁屋申請
    https://bit.ly/2Dtd8eZ

    香港丁權案關鍵:「傳統權益」論述從何而來?
    https://bit.ly/2Q5EhaB

    -----
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  • codify 在 Ling Facebook 的最讚貼文

    2017-10-18 09:27:11
    有 12 人按讚


    House dance !
    終於讀完了,也覺得很重要,如果你正在這個舞風的路上,請花點時間好好了解這篇文在說什麼吧😊

    This was written in the 90s when the idea to CODIFY was necessary because of what I saw ( and others) saw the Asians trying to do with it ( business wise). And how I saw many from the culture selling-out later to join that BS; no different from what people complain about as "commercial".

    So add this comment to the sheets:

    I suggest all ask questions because the only mistake on this paper ( besides grammar.....I was young, and excited), is the FACT that I didn't check everyone's background in dance at that time. I was just believing speeches I heard everyone say.

    At that time I just broke up my group WORLD SOUL, and many members joined the group that became Dance Fusion, later asking me to join ( which is crazy after you just split up a group).

    So in my research in the 1990s, I noticed later that many speak the words of "inspired" or "influenced", which mostly means BY SIGHT, they don't actually know.

    So in that definition on the paper it would be Marjory ( R.I.P.), Asada, Kim Holmes, and myself who could actually live that whole definition; and even partially Sekou who knows some Haitian, African, and traditional dances ( even Marjory studied a little tap and so did Shan S, I'm the only one that actually can do Tap dance).......but not the rest. There are others on the other sheet of names in the culture I put up that know traditional dances but they are not popular. People like Jose Figueroa. A figure head for many who brought the attention of capoeira Angola to many in house dance back in the 90s.

    The rest would fall in the House dance Footwork/groove coming from Hip-hop to House category.

    There are three categories that make up this dance style that Archie so beautiful says in CHECK UR BODY AT THE DOOR:

    1. Disco to House.
    2. House to House
    3. Hip-hop to house.

    Again, ask questions because so many of you teaching and judging that say you know......it's clear by the way you all dance that YOU ALL DEFINITELY DONT KNOW. Stop chasing bright lights and money that can pay your bills, but does nothing for your children and their children's future.....THINK and MOVE!!

    One love to all.

  • codify 在 it-reborn Facebook 的最讚貼文

    2017-01-12 15:26:02
    有 14 人按讚


    Internet freedom declined in 2016 as the military leadership continued its efforts to codify censorship and surveillance powers through legislation,

    - Freedom House (think tank)

    ----
    เสรีภาพบนโลกอินเตอร์เน็ตของประเทศไทยหายไปนับจากปี 2016 เมื่อผู้นำทางการทหารยังคงพยายามที่จะเซ็นเซอร์ และเฝ้าระวังโดยใช้อำนาจทางกฎหมายเข้าจัดการ

  • codify 在 コバにゃんチャンネル Youtube 的最佳解答

    2021-10-01 05:19:08

  • codify 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最佳貼文

    2021-10-01 05:10:45

  • codify 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最讚貼文

    2021-10-01 05:09:56

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