雖然這篇空山祭一日遊鄉民發文沒有被收入到精華區:在空山祭一日遊這個話題中,我們另外找到其它相關的精選爆讚文章
在 空山祭一日遊產品中有179篇Facebook貼文,粉絲數超過8萬的網紅本土研究社 Liber Research Community,也在其Facebook貼文中提到, 【整改清算】香港地產商十大高危「#壟斷行為」 外電指地產商受中央施壓引起全城烘動,地產股亦隨著恒大爆煲而大跌。其實所謂「遊戲規則已經改變」並非重點,「壟斷行為」一詞才是對地產商來說可以內容無限擴充的紅線,如何才構成「壟斷行為」暫時沒有任何定義,以下嘗試探討香港地產商十大最高危的潛在「壟斷行為」,從...
同時也有45部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過855的網紅柴郡貓小姐愛旅行。生活提案,也在其Youtube影片中提到,|小姐愛旅行。生活提案|TRAVEL LIFE VLOG| 不論是旅行、音樂、生活或貓咪,與你分享生活中的各種提案。 現在就訂閱柴郡貓 YouTube頻道,每天都像旅行一般的好心情。 ----- #花瓶岩 雖然怎麼看都想稱他叫女王頭, #美人海灘 是不是因為海灘太美而得名? #白燈塔 雖然小...
「空山祭一日遊」的推薦目錄
- 關於空山祭一日遊 在 何樂 攝影女子 Instagram 的最佳貼文
- 關於空山祭一日遊 在 Eason | TRAVEL PHOTOGRAPHY Instagram 的最佳貼文
- 關於空山祭一日遊 在 瓶顆旅居日本中|東京生活 & 私房打卡景點 Instagram 的最讚貼文
- 關於空山祭一日遊 在 本土研究社 Liber Research Community Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於空山祭一日遊 在 Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於空山祭一日遊 在 Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於空山祭一日遊 在 柴郡貓小姐愛旅行。生活提案 Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於空山祭一日遊 在 柴郡貓小姐愛旅行。生活提案 Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於空山祭一日遊 在 柴郡貓小姐愛旅行。生活提案 Youtube 的精選貼文
空山祭一日遊 在 何樂 攝影女子 Instagram 的最佳貼文
2021-07-16 20:59:19
#樂的儀式感 感謝日本提供台灣疫苗,看著這兩天好多人在回憶日本,也讓我稍稍的想念日本了~翻回以前的庫存檔案,才發現滿多的影片錄了都沒有剪、一晃眼也過一年多了,感慨的和妹妹說:我們一家人第一次出國原來也一年多了呀! 三浦半島之旅是我當時還在橫濱,臨時起意的一趟旅程,那時窮學生的我沒有太豪華旅行,但說...
空山祭一日遊 在 Eason | TRAVEL PHOTOGRAPHY Instagram 的最佳貼文
2021-05-16 15:18:05
另外一個到南庄一定要去地方應該就是向天湖了,比起神仙谷是自然的仙境,向天湖更多了一層故事,這裡是賽夏族的傳統聖地,幾百年來的湖泊,因見湖仰望天空,取名為向天湖,而這裡每兩年一祭、十年一大祭的矮靈祭就會湧入大量人潮😍😍 而這次介紹的點是向天湖對外聯通道路,當初想說google導了一條更快下山的道路,...
空山祭一日遊 在 瓶顆旅居日本中|東京生活 & 私房打卡景點 Instagram 的最讚貼文
2021-03-31 00:37:43
在日光的華嚴瀑布遇到彩虹🌈✨經典一日行程分享!東武鐵道推出了很優惠的交通票喔👍🏻預計只賣 5000 張,售完為止! 這張交通票名為 NIKKO Discount Ticket,能使用 4 天,特色就是「隨心所欲」跟「經濟實惠」!一券在手電車公車搭到飽,沒有什麼途中下車無效的規定,超!佛!心!(...
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空山祭一日遊 在 柴郡貓小姐愛旅行。生活提案 Youtube 的最佳貼文
2021-09-09 20:02:18|小姐愛旅行。生活提案|TRAVEL LIFE VLOG|
不論是旅行、音樂、生活或貓咪,與你分享生活中的各種提案。
現在就訂閱柴郡貓 YouTube頻道,每天都像旅行一般的好心情。
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#花瓶岩 雖然怎麼看都想稱他叫女王頭,
#美人海灘 是不是因為海灘太美而得名?
#白燈塔 雖然小小的但是好像童話場景,
#海龜燒 成為不能親眼看見海龜的補償。
沒有想到柴郡貓第一次登陸小琉球,
竟然是因為工作的關係要到小琉球拍攝,
利用工作的空擋捕捉了好多小琉球的風景,
藍到不可思議的海景存進今年夏天的記憶裡。
#台灣 #離島 #VLOG #下次一定要浮潛
#小姐愛旅行生活提案 #我住在可愛的台灣 #私が住んでる可愛い台湾
-----
▶︎▶︎看看更多可愛的台灣旅行&生活提案▶︎▶︎
墾丁の旅|迷路,為了看花、肥春號、樹夏飲事、日和灣居|https://youtu.be/l9JYGIyozAY
微笑山線_鳶山步道|新北登山旅遊節|https://youtu.be/d6KH-khLEF8
龍崎光節 空山祭|https://youtu.be/8raIPNQ7Fzs
淡海輕軌藍海線試乘體驗|https://youtu.be/0mnaZPX7YNg
一秒到日本,淡水這樣玩!|https://youtu.be/nMYHKaVtACE
基隆一日小旅行|https://youtu.be/QZkLQu3jX1I
深澳鐵道自行車,夏日星空浪漫遊|https://youtu.be/jeyFD1QUwzw
基隆潮藝術|https://youtu.be/aoEkhlGLKbs -----
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▶ 柴郡貓|Cheshire Cat|チェシャ猫
I’m a Songwriter ▶ Singer ▶▶ Writer ▶▶▶ Traveler▶▶▶▶Youtuber.
柴郡貓,以音樂、文字、旅行構成的貓系女子。
時而為人,用心生活,努力感受微小的喜怒哀樂。
時而為貓,仔細觀察,重新詮釋平凡無奇的日常。
🔗 https://ffm.bio/cheshirecat -
空山祭一日遊 在 柴郡貓小姐愛旅行。生活提案 Youtube 的最讚貼文
2021-06-07 21:00:42|小姐愛旅行。生活提案|TRAVEL LIFE VLOG|
不論是旅行、音樂、生活或貓咪,與你分享生活中的各種提案。
現在就訂閱柴郡貓 YouTube頻道,每天都像旅行一般的好心情。
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感謝疫情升溫前短暫的旅程,
滿足了愛旅行小姐的旅人魂。
把樹梢灑落的粉色美麗光影拍好拍滿,
把耀眼的陽光與蔚藍的海色囤好囤滿,
成為接下來努力防疫的生活精神糧食,
希望也能為大家帶來一點療癒的心情。
|屏東海生館|我與企鵝的親密接觸。
https://www.lovecheshirecatmusic.com/post/20210531
|鹿境|梅花鹿不吃小鹿仙貝嗎?
https://www.lovecheshirecatmusic.com/post/20210603
|迷路,為了看花|懂得迷路,更迷人。
https://www.lovecheshirecatmusic.com/post/20210606
📷 拍攝於2021年疫情三級前
⚠️2021/5/15起因應全台防疫第三級警戒,景點有配合公休的情況,詳細資訊以網站為準。
請大家先把資訊存進口袋,在家抗疫等待疫情過去,我們再開開心心地去體驗墾丁的日常。
#墾丁 #墾丁景點 #迷路為了看花 #肥春號 #樹夏飲事 #日和灣居
#小姐愛旅行生活提案 #我住在可愛的台灣 #私が住んでる可愛い台湾
-----
▶︎▶︎看看更多可愛的台灣旅行&生活提案▶︎▶︎
微笑山線_鳶山步道|新北登山旅遊節|https://youtu.be/d6KH-khLEF8
龍崎光節 空山祭|https://youtu.be/8raIPNQ7Fzs
淡海輕軌藍海線試乘體驗|https://youtu.be/0mnaZPX7YNg
一秒到日本,淡水這樣玩!|https://youtu.be/nMYHKaVtACE
基隆一日小旅行|https://youtu.be/QZkLQu3jX1I
深澳鐵道自行車,夏日星空浪漫遊|https://youtu.be/jeyFD1QUwzw
基隆潮藝術|https://youtu.be/aoEkhlGLKbs -----
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▶ 柴郡貓|Cheshire Cat|チェシャ猫
I’m a Songwriter ▶ Singer ▶▶ Writer ▶▶▶ Traveler▶▶▶▶Youtuber.
柴郡貓,以音樂、文字、旅行構成的貓系女子。
時而為人,用心生活,努力感受微小的喜怒哀樂。
時而為貓,仔細觀察,重新詮釋平凡無奇的日常。
🔗 https://ffm.bio/cheshirecat -
空山祭一日遊 在 柴郡貓小姐愛旅行。生活提案 Youtube 的精選貼文
2021-04-03 18:14:11|小姐愛旅行。生活提案|TRAVEL LIFE VLOG|
不論是旅行、音樂、生活或貓咪,與你分享生活中的各種提案。
現在就訂閱柴郡貓 YouTube頻道,每天都像旅行一般的好心情。
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希爾頓集團旗下飯店品牌 #Tapestry 首間亞太區飯店,
「#台北時代寓所」2020年年底在捷運善導寺站開幕。
愛旅行小姐柴郡貓離家出走來去飯店住一晚,
來到以電影膠卷為概念打造的高質感飯店,
開箱充滿電影質感與藝術氣息的入住體驗。
🎬 彷彿電影播放室的客房空間。
🎬 從外觀到大廳,滿滿電影膠卷元素。
🎬 全台首間飯店星巴克,變身復古華麗酒吧。
好讀網誌版|https://www.lovecheshirecatmusic.com/post/20210403
台北時代寓所|http://tapestry.hilton.com.cn/zh-CN/
#飯店開箱 #台北飯店 #希爾頓集團 #星巴克時代寓所
#小姐愛旅行生活提案 #我住在可愛的台灣 #私が住んでる可愛い台湾
-----
▶︎▶︎看看更多可愛的台灣旅行&生活提案▶︎▶︎
微笑山線_鳶山步道|新北登山旅遊節|https://youtu.be/d6KH-khLEF8
龍崎光節 空山祭|https://youtu.be/8raIPNQ7Fzs
淡海輕軌藍海線試乘體驗|https://youtu.be/0mnaZPX7YNg
一秒到日本,淡水這樣玩!|https://youtu.be/nMYHKaVtACE
基隆一日小旅行|https://youtu.be/QZkLQu3jX1I
深澳鐵道自行車,夏日星空浪漫遊|https://youtu.be/jeyFD1QUwzw
基隆潮藝術|https://youtu.be/aoEkhlGLKbs -----
-----
▶ 柴郡貓|Cheshire Cat|チェシャ猫
I’m a Songwriter ▶ Singer ▶▶ Writer ▶▶▶ Traveler▶▶▶▶Youtuber.
柴郡貓,以音樂、文字、旅行構成的貓系女子。
時而為人,用心生活,努力感受微小的喜怒哀樂。
時而為貓,仔細觀察,重新詮釋平凡無奇的日常。
🔗 https://ffm.bio/cheshirecat
空山祭一日遊 在 本土研究社 Liber Research Community Facebook 的最佳解答
【整改清算】香港地產商十大高危「#壟斷行為」
外電指地產商受中央施壓引起全城烘動,地產股亦隨著恒大爆煲而大跌。其實所謂「遊戲規則已經改變」並非重點,「壟斷行為」一詞才是對地產商來說可以內容無限擴充的紅線,如何才構成「壟斷行為」暫時沒有任何定義,以下嘗試探討香港地產商十大最高危的潛在「壟斷行為」,從而預視香港地產商將會否/如何遭到整改清算。
■ 1 #囤積居奇
單是四大地產商抬面有上千公頃土儲,估計仍有大量未登記、仍然掌控在俗稱「艇仔公司」的中介手上的土儲,亦未完全反映入公司年報, 圈地規模遠超枱面所及。
這些土地資源本來是尋常百姓的家園、自給自足的農田、自然生態的棲息地,都被囤積高度集中化起來。這些囤起來的土地資源無論有多不適合作發展,現時都歸咎政府阻礙他們點地成金,也不讓出來還原各種用途,為社會作業及自然環境重建生機。只肯短借出來作過度屋,收回之後又能借機變豪宅。
地產商的囤積壟斷,並不限於公開在公司年報上的一千公頃土地儲備,還有每年囤起上萬個已建成空置單位。本來針對此問題的《一手樓空置稅》條例草案,準備好通過最後都可以失踪泡湯,繼續容許地產商將手上空置單位待價而沽,彰顯了後國安法時代地產影響力仍然法力無邊。
■ 2 #壟斷式圈地
除了大規模囤地自肥,過往在新界的圈地模式也很可能構成所謂「壟斷行為」。
一直以來透過在新界與村長「打好關係」,大地產商之間已形成了無形的收地地盤,亦令其他潛在競爭者無法進場,明顯的例子如新界東北及洪水橋,明顯有著分區割據之收地格局。加上還有政府配合的規劃選址及原址換地,大大鼓勵了地產商進一步圈地壟斷。
土地業權外,亦透過不限於「田地生產」的手法,從小業主手上集中化市區業權作重建,亦成功爭取放寬強制拍賣門檻的政策,大大加強收購議價能力,掃平中下階層在舊區的生存空間。
■ 3 #操控衣食住行每個環節
過往談到「地產霸權」,一般都指不單是在住屋問題上由地產主導,而是在交通運輸、電子消費、物業管理、飲食娛樂、城市活動,深植日常生活的每個環節,各種服務選擇、物價水平、生活質素都牢牢挾制在地產商手中,連街市規劃也可以操縱。
真正的霸權壟斷莫過於市民根本無法決定自己的民生大小事,而當今被套上「壟斷行為」的罪名,很可能就是因為他們在各行各業霸佔龍頭地位,未有全面「讓」給「其他競爭者」入場所致。
■ 4 #公眾輿論帶風向
地產利益不只在政治體制及大大小小的政策委員員內,過往還透過籠絡「經濟學者」、地產經紀、退休高官等知名人士,透過媒體版位、董事袍金、團體資助、政黨捐獻、評論專欄、顧問研究的方式,讓社會各界都有專業打手或代理人協助主導社會輿情,帶出有利地產商利益的論調,實現公眾輿論的壟斷。過往遇上反對地產利益的社會聲音,曾有抽廣告、發信傳媒及團體作「提示」的做法。
透過以上的廣泛動員做到轉移視線、sideline反對聲音的效果,過去成功創造出「土地不足」、「地權複雜」、「收地困難」、「環保霸權」、「補地價 = 白做」、「一日最衰都係辣招」等論調,令地產利益能夠以公眾利益之名滲透香港日常議題,主導土地房屋施政。
而當今還能保有「帶風向」的權力,在全面管治權下當然會被理解為新時代香港隱患。
■ 5 #利益主導政府施政
當今各種被質疑為地產利益度身訂造的土地房屋政策,例如土地共享、原址換地、發水露台、強拍門檻、加大濕地發展密度,放寬祖堂地等,都會獲得過政府大力幫手背書成訂立, 一般都會以「地產商發功」來形容背後難以得知的政策制訂過程,卻可從「許士仁案」、「梁展文案」反映這種「功力」並非空穴來風。
人脈財力使然,這亦未必是能透過削阻地產商在特首選舉的影響力,就能輕易破除,這些都應該會被明眼人看在眼內。
■ 6 #區位租值壟斷
壟斷不僅只在資源上、媒體中,還能透過主導基建配套達到區位上的壟斷,令區域中心地段全面配合地產利益,才能有效收割小市民的租值。
這樣就不停留於大地產商的行為,領展、港鐵、市建局三座大山顯然也是加劇城市空間階級化及房屋問題的元兇,不過暫時仍未有在輿論上分享著地產商相同的待遇。
■ 7 #阻礙政府收地與發展
近年提出10塊私人地事隔兩年有7塊擱置,1,000公頃未發展棕地不斷避開地產商土儲只額外收得47公頃,可以預視背後現今依然有著巨大的收地力場,守護著他們愈儲愈多的土地儲備。
事實上,過往有不少案例發展商動輒進行司法覆核及上訴,發展商成功率亦相當高。明明收回土地條例是最難以挑戰的尚方寶劍,政府一直都避開而選擇更貴更破壞的填山填海。
現今恆隆地產陳啟宗試圖甩獲反指土地短缺全因反對派,但明顯土地發展最有力的反對派,其實就是地產商本身,這並不是發展商憑口就能帶過的事實。
■ 8 #非正規掠地起豪宅
地產商不僅會大手收購公共事業如電力、巴士、媒氣等行業進行壟斷,更甚者是「不務正業」,利用這些公共事業大搞地產,懂得將旗下/合作團體的巴士廠、變電站、碼頭、機樓、科學園區、教堂等公共設施申請改劃成私樓住宅項目,如同黨媒所形容恒大在不同省市「以車圈地」的騙地模式。
這除了大大影響香港賣地庫房收益及公地公用的潛力,變相廉價搶地,將原有批租作公共用途的土地變成私樓豪宅圖利。
■ 9 「#智商勾結」
還有透過私下「捐獻」或參與某某智庫組織,一方面能因慈善牌可獲免稅優惠,另一方面亦能借助他們影響政府施政,製造對地產利益更有利的政策環境,一石二鳥,可謂「智商勾結」,但這些行為大眾是看到的,亦可理解是另一種助長壟斷的行為。
■ 10 #大孖沙「#鋤Dee會」
根據不少過往報導,傳聞大地產商們曾私下組成「鋤Dee會」,有傳成員包含恒大許家印、「重慶李嘉誠」張松橋、「大劉」劉鑾雄等大地產商,這種富豪「共富」的合作模式,方便在過往地產股票市場大手交易,互惠互利做Deal。
不論鋤Dee會是否存在,或者是否已經在新時代香港式微,外人不得而知,但若然還有這個沒有社團註冊的「團伙」,今時今日也很有可能以「壟斷行為」被取締。
小結:風聲已聞 危難未至
現時其實只聞風聲草動,未有實質行動,但現今地產商還想以小恩小惠打發就算,更想借機以解決住屋問題之名大撈一筆,現屆仍較親地產界時或尚可蒙混過關,靠拿劏房業主Slumlord祭祭旗,但長遠且看「壟斷行為」的紅線如何變化,如何換莊,畢竟香港地產收益供養不同利益版塊,政商之間還是你中有我的利益共同體。
想留意更多有關地產商壟斷行為:
【本研Podcast】Ep57 - 施壓中 - 地產商就嚟冇得玩?
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「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版,由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計,內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等,感恩十方大德助印,希望疫情退散,平安喜樂,後記如下:
野放台灣五十餘年,貪狼獨坐,三方四正殺破狼格局,少年多舛,白手起家,隨展覽雲遊四海,如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返,遂設幻影堂自詡堂主,一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」,常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純,彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘,了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝,雖非仙人,亦無道骨,初聞離垢地生清淨心,但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠,待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》,心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到,意識死神隨伺在側,人生苦短,如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解,蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜,聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃,甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎,禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘,台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜(佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教&大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教&天德教、慈惠堂&勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……)、神棍橫行(依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫),因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜,但地獄造景稀少,後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人,各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味,意境乖張溢於言表,造型扭曲非常人所能塑也,然匠心獨運、自成一格,專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美,絲毫不輸喬托(Giotto di Bondone,1267~1337)乃至米開朗基羅(Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564)矣。
創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱,雖主祀四面佛,儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊,可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像,安太歲自不在話下,甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深,1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍,行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關,只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地,十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台,粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格,尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂,該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯(包青天),陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解,求破懸案者眾,逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸,全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中,四周環繞墓地,適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮(1971)地府則是首座電動地府,規模精小但驚嚇度破表,略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍,出自已故台南大道長金登富之作,而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外,乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面,尊尊栩栩如生,續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道,造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」(阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像)旁設靜態十殿閻羅(1970年代初),雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存,續往上行可抵「證菩提道-釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區,一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時,琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心,世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路,但因緣果報無法逆轉,昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加,還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺,遂以缽盛救度五百族人,最終卻化為血水,佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力,因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐,目犍連遂展神通救渡,但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火,佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日,於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾,因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌,既渡亡魂也自懺悔。
台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗,不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂(1979年興建,1983年開放),燈光絢爛、聲響駭人,獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」,至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形,睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪,觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生(胎、卵、濕、化)回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」,轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」,窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」,直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿,皆為極犯,另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」(查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司)後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事,依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺(紫河車)」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載,人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」,經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫,犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄(阿鼻地獄)」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主,統轄十殿閻羅,逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。
人類居於五趣(阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄)雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界,犯十惡業(殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴)者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」(欲界、色界、無色界)二十八天?凡人無此意識,別說能破「十二因緣」(無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死)還滅門,更別想斷除「四聖諦」(苦、集、滅、道)集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑(五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑),了悟「五蘊」(色、受、想、行、識)本空、「十二入」(眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法)空、「十八界」空,破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執,生十一處「善心所」(信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害),降二十六處「惡心所」(貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知),須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。
地獄可能空滅嗎?若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪,地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土?若能證空性何處現地獄?
地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間,老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心,然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所,惡性所及實無可根除,礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層,乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷,暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄,心多妄念,妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間,會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉,我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄,三魂七魄尚不足以出竅,驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧,豈不謬哉?
病毒肆虐年半有餘,全球確診者逼近一億八千萬,枉死者近四百萬,堪比戰爭規模,望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空,唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。
姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節
Postscript
I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.
In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).
Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.
Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.
Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.
The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.
June 2021,
Yao Jui-chung
空山祭一日遊 在 Facebook 的最讚貼文
疫情爆發以來,藝術家能做的事不多,平常就閉關在家其實挺習慣,但是總想為社會做些事、幫上忙,想了半天安撫人心也許還行吧!於是另一本「地獄空」將趕在中元普渡八月初出版上市,由典藏出版社社長發心首肯出版,設計名家黃子欽操刀,附贈很多符咒給大家趨吉避凶。諸惡莫作,眾善奉行,疫情消退,平安喜樂。附上後記給大家解封後參訪這些宮廟,觀照自己的心所。全文如下:
野放台灣五十餘年,貪狼獨坐,三方四正殺破狼格局,少年多舛,白手起家,隨展覽雲遊四海,如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返,遂設幻影堂自詡堂主,一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」,常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鐘情黑白世界之單純,彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘,了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝,雖非仙人,亦無道骨,初聞離垢地生清淨心,但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠,待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢「巨神連線」,心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到,意識死神隨伺在側,人生苦短,如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒…總不得解,蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜,聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃,甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎,禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘,台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜(佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教&大同教、儒教鸞堂、天帝教&天德教、慈惠堂&勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山…)、神棍橫行(依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫),因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜,但地獄造景稀少,後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人,各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味,意境乖張溢於言表,造型扭曲非常人所能塑也,然匠心獨運、自成一格,專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美,絲毫不輸喬托(Giotto di Bondone,1267~1337)乃至米開郎基羅(Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564)矣。
創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱,雖主祀四面佛,儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊,可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像,安太歲自不在話下,甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深,1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍,行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關,只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地,十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台,粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格,尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂,該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯(包青天),陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解,求破懸案者眾,逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸,全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中,四周環繞墓地,適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮(1971)地府則是首座電動地府,規模精小但驚嚇度破表,略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍,出自已故台南大道長金登富之作,而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外,乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面,尊尊栩栩如生,續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道,造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」(阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像)旁設靜態十殿閻羅(1970年代初),雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存,續往上行可抵「證菩提道-釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區,一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時,琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心,世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐阻擋大軍進攻之路,但因緣果報無法逆轉,昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加,還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘糟屠殺,遂以缽盛救度五百族人,最終卻化為血水,佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力,因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐,目犍連遂展神通救渡,但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火,佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日,於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾,因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌,既渡亡魂也自懺悔。
台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗,不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂(1979年興建,1983年開放),燈光絢爛、聲響駭人,獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」,至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形,睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿」判案定奪,觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截…等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄…兼遊「四生(胎、卵、濕、化)回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼…等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石…小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」,轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭…等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」,窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮…等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤…等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」,直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿,皆為極犯,另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍…等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」(查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司)後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事,依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺(紫河車)」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據「十八泥犁經」記載,人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」,經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫,犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄(阿鼻地獄)」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主,統轄十殿閻羅,逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。
人類居於五趣(阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄)雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界,犯十惡業(殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴)者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」(欲界、色界、無色界)二十八天?凡人無此意識,別說能破「十二因緣」(無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死)還滅門,更別想斷除「四聖諦」(苦、集、滅、道)集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑(五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑),了悟「五蘊」(色、受、想、行、識)本空、「十二入」(眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法)空、「十八界」空,破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執,生十一處「善心所」(信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害),降二十六處「惡心所」(貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知),須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。
地獄可能空滅嗎?若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪,地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土?若能證空性何處現地獄?
地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間,老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心,然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所,惡性所及實無可根除,礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層,乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷,暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄,心多妄念,妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間,會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉,我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄,三魂七魄尚不足以出竅,驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧,豈不謬哉?
病毒肆虐年半有餘,全球確診者逼近一億八千萬,枉死者近四百萬,堪比戰爭規模,望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空,唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。
姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節