[時事英文] 精神錯亂辯護
　
The insanity defense, also known as the mental disorder defense, is an affirmative defense by excuse in a criminal case, arguing that the defendant is not responsible for their actions due to an episodic or persistent psychiatric disease at the time of the criminal act. This is contrasted with an excuse of provocation, in which the defendant is responsible, but the responsibility is lessened due to a temporary mental state.
　
1. the insanity defense 精神錯亂辯護
2. mental disorder 精神障礙
3. an affirmative defense 積極抗辯；確認的抗辯
4. defendant 被告人
5. responsible for their actions 為他們的行為負責
6. episodic 發作的；偶發的
7. persistent psychiatric disease 持續的精神性疾病
8. a criminal act 犯罪行為
9. an excuse of provocation 義憤殺人的免責條款*
10. be lessened 被減輕
11. a temporary mental state 暫時的精神狀態
　
精神錯亂辯護 ，也叫做精神障礙辯護，是刑事案件中用以積極抗辯的理由，鑑於被告犯罪時偶發或持續的精神性疾病，故無法為其行為負責。這與義憤殺人的免責條款形成對比——在義憤殺人的情況中被告負有刑責，惟由於暫時的精神狀態，刑責得以減輕。
　
*an excuse of provocation 詳參——
《中華民國刑法》：https://bit.ly/2SqhOqh
最高法院刑事判決：https://bit.ly/35kEo8K
　
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《台北時報》報導：
　
The man charged in the slaying of a railway police officer last year was acquitted of murder by the Chiayi District Court yesterday, with judges saying that the suspect, surnamed Cheng, had a mental disorder. However, Cheng was ordered to undergo five years of psychiatric treatment.
　
12. be charged with 被控告
13. the slaying of 殺害⋯⋯
14. a railway police officer 鐵路警察
15. be acquitted 被宣判無罪
16. suspect (n.) 嫌犯
17. undergo 接受（治療或檢查等）；經歷，經受（令人不快的事或變化）
18. psychiatric treatment 精神病治療
　
昨日，這名於去年被控殺害一名鐵路警察的男子，被嘉義地方法院宣判無罪，法官表示鄭嫌患有精神障礙。惟令鄭接受五年的精神病治療。
　
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The parents of Lee Cheng-han, the 25-year-old railway officer killed in July last year, were at the court. Lee Tseng-wen, Lee Cheng-han’s father, told reporters after the verdict was announced: “This is outrageous.”

“My son was killed in the line of his duty as a police officer and the court gave a not guilty ruling,” he said. “It is painful for me right now. The judges have lost their senses and reason.”
　
19. verdict 裁決
20. in the line of duty 在工作中；在執行任務時
21. not guilty 無罪
22. a court ruling 法院判決
　
去年７月遭殺害的２５歲鐵路警察李承翰的父母在法庭上。在判決宣布後，李承翰的父親李增文對記者說：「這太可恥了。」

他說：「我兒子在履行警察的職責時被殺害，而法院竟作出無罪的判決。」「此時此刻，這對我來說很痛苦。法官們失去了判斷力與理智。」
　
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“He was our only son. He worked diligently and was devoted to his family. We have to suffer the pain and sorrow of his death to this day,” he said. “If we could turn back the clock, we would never allow him to work as a police officer.”
　
23. suffer 遭受；受苦
24. pain and sorrow 痛苦與悲傷
25. turn back the clock 將時間倒轉
　
「他是我們的獨生子。他工作勤奮並為家庭犧牲奉獻。直到今天，我們都必須承受他去世的痛苦與悲傷，」他說。「 如果我們可以讓時間倒轉，我們絕不允許他當警察。」
　
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Cheng, 55, was examined by psychiatrists, who said that he was suffering from schizophrenia when he stabbed Lee Cheng-han. “He was under a delusion that affected his behavior at the time,” the psychiatrists said in a report. “His actions resulted from his mental condition.”
　
26. be examined by 被⋯⋯檢查
27. schizophrenia 思覺失調症；精神分裂症
28. stab（用刀等銳器）刺
29. under a delusion 陷入一種妄想（或幻想）
30. result from 肇因於⋯⋯
31. mental condition 精神狀況
　
鄭現年５５歲，接受了精神科醫生的檢查，醫生說他刺傷李承翰時正受思覺失調症所苦。「他當時正陷入一種妄想，影響了他的行為。」精神科醫生在一份報告中寫道。「他的行為乃肇因於他的精神狀況。」
　
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“Psychiatrists say that people with schizophrenia must take medication their whole lives. If they do not, they will relapse,” the report said. “Cheng’s mental capacity had deteriorated and he had lost awareness of his action at the time.”

The judges cited Article 19 of the Criminal Code: “An offense is not punishable if it is committed by a person who is mentally disordered.” Cheng was granted release on NT$500,000 bail, but his family reportedly could not pay the amount, so he remained in detention yesterday.
　
32. take medication 服藥
33. relapse 舊病復發
34. mental capacity 意思能力*
35. deteriorate 惡化；變壞
36. lose awareness 失去意識
37. an offense 罪過
38. not punishable 不罰
39. be granted release 被批准釋放
40. bail 保釋金
41. pay the amount 支付該筆金額
42. remain in detention 持續拘留
　
「精神科醫生說，思覺失調症患者須終生服藥。否則將會舊病復發。」報告寫道。「鄭的意思能力已惡化，他當時已對自身行為失去意識。」法官們引述了《刑法》第１９條：「行為時因精神障礙或其他心智缺陷，致不能辨識其行為違法或欠缺依其辨識而行為之能力者，不罰。」鄭獲准以新臺幣五十萬元交保，但據報導他的家人無法支付這筆罰金，因此他昨日仍被拘留。
　
*意思能力：「對於自己之行為及其效果，能正常判斷、識別及預期之精神能力。」詳參：https://bit.ly/2KPeVuN
　
資訊出處: https://bit.ly/2KQz4k9
　
圖片出處：https://bit.ly/3dhI9Pl
　
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[時事英文] 死刑：https://bit.ly/3bVrtg6
　
時事英文講義：https://bit.ly/2XmRYXc
　
時事英文大全：http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
　
如何使用「時事英文」：https://bit.ly/3a9rr38

[時事英文] 蔡英文總統BBC專訪關鍵英文詞彙

今天要來與大家分享蔡英文總統的BBC專訪! It's an insightful one!

★★★★★★★★★★★★

專訪(中文): https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-51115705

專訪(英文): https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51104246

報導內有影片!

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Taiwan's President Tsai Ing-wen has told the BBC that China needs to "face reality" and show the island "respect".

1. face reality 面對現實
2. show respect 表示尊重

★★★★★★★★★★★★

She was re-elected for a second term on Saturday, winning by a landslide after a campaign in which she focused heavily on the rising threat from Beijing.

3. win by a landslide 以壓倒性優勢獲勝
4. focus heavily on... 特別專注於...
5. rising threat 上升的威脅

★★★★★★★★★★★★

The Chinese Communist Party has long claimed sovereignty over Taiwan and the right to take it by force if necessary. Ms Tsai* insisted that the sovereignty of the self-governing island was not in doubt or up for negotiation.

-\-\BBC

6. the Chinese Communist Party 中國共產黨
7. claim sovereignty 主張主權
8. take it by force 以武力攻下台灣
9. the sovereignty of ...的主權
10. self governing 自治的
11. not in doubt 毫無疑問
12. not up for negotiation 不能談判

*President Tsai

★★★★★★★★★★★★

"We don't have a need to declare ourselves an independent state," the 63-year-old president told the BBC in an exclusive interview, her first since the election. "We are an independent country already and we call ourselves the Republic of China, Taiwan."

13. declare 宣布
14. an independent state 一個獨立的國家；政府
15. exclusive interview 專訪
16. an independent country 一個獨立國家

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Such statements infuriate Beijing, which wants a return to the "One China" principle favoured by the main rival she saw off in the race for president, Han Kuo-yu from the Kuomintang party. His party traces its roots to the defeated nationalists in the Chinese civil war, who fled to Taiwan and continued to see the island as part of a greater China from which they had been usurped.

17. infuriate 激怒
18. return to 還給, 歸回
19. main rival 主要競爭對手
20. trace its roots 追根溯源
21. defeated the nationalists 戰敗的國民黨
22. flee to 逃往
23. be usurped 被篡奪

★★★★★★★★★★★★

In recent years, that concept of One China has proved a useful compromise, Taiwanese supporters of it argue. China insists on its acceptance as a prerequisite for building economic ties with Taiwan, precisely because doing so is an explicit denial of its existence as a de facto island state.

24. a useful compromise 有用的協定, 妥協
25. insist on 堅持
26. a prerequisite for... ...的先決條件
27. build economic ties 建立經濟聯繫
28. a explicit denial 明確否認
29. de facto 事實上

★★★★★★★★★★★★

But it is clear that Ms Tsai* believes her victory is proof of how little appetite there now is for the One China concept and the ambiguity it allowed over Taiwan's real status. "The situation has changed," she says. "The ambiguity can no longer serve the purposes it was intended to serve." And what has really changed, she suggests, is China.

-\-\BBC

30. it is clear that… ...是清楚的
31. proof of… …的證明
32. how little appetite there is for... 對...沒有多少胃口; 對...不接受
33. One China concept 一個中國的概念
34. ambiguity 模棱兩可
35. real status 真實狀態
36. intend to serve… 所欲實現的（成效）

*President Tsai

★★★★★★★★★★★★

"Because [for more than] three years we're seeing China has been intensifying its threat... they have their military vessels and aircraft cruising around the island," she says. "And also, the things happening in Hong Kong, people get a real sense that this threat is real and it's getting more and more serious."

37. intensify its threat 加劇威脅
38. military vessels and aircrafts 軍艦和飛機
39. get more serious 變得更嚴重

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Taiwan's interests, she believes, are not best served by semantics but by facing up to the reality, in particular the aspirations of the Taiwanese youth who flocked to her cause. "We have a separate identity and we're a country of our own. So, if there's anything that runs counter to this idea, they will stand up and say that's not acceptable to us. "We're a successful democracy, we have a pretty decent economy, we deserve respect from China."

40. Taiwan’s interests are not best served by semantics. 文字遊戲並非最佳實現台灣利益（的方式）
41. semantics 語義學; 文字遊戲
42. face up to reality 面對現實
43. the aspirations of the Taiwanese youth 台灣青年的志向
44. flock to her cause 湧向她的目標
45. a separate identity 一個單獨的、不同的身份
46. run counter to 違反；有悖常理，背道而馳
47. a decent economy 像樣的、相當不錯的經濟制度
48. deserve respect 值得尊重

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Sources

https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-51115705

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51104246

https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5098630

Image source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51104246

★★★★★★★★★★★★

時事英文大全: https://wp.me/p44l9b-1Y8

[時事英文] 蔡英文總統BBC專訪關鍵英文詞彙

今天要來與大家分享蔡英文總統的BBC專訪! It's an insightful one!

★★★★★★★★★★★★

專訪(中文): https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-51115705

專訪(英文): https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51104246

報導內有影片!

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Taiwan's President Tsai Ing-wen has told the BBC that China needs to "face reality" and show the island "respect".

1. face reality 面對現實
2. show respect 表示尊重

★★★★★★★★★★★★

She was re-elected for a second term on Saturday, winning by a landslide after a campaign in which she focused heavily on the rising threat from Beijing.

3. win by a landslide 以壓倒性優勢獲勝
4. focus heavily on... 特別專注於...
5. rising threat 上升的威脅

★★★★★★★★★★★★

The Chinese Communist Party has long claimed sovereignty over Taiwan and the right to take it by force if necessary. Ms Tsai* insisted that the sovereignty of the self-governing island was not in doubt or up for negotiation.

--BBC

6. the Chinese Communist Party 中國共產黨
7. claim sovereignty 主張主權
8. take it by force 以武力攻下台灣
9. the sovereignty of ...的主權
10. self governing 自治的
11. not in doubt 毫無疑問
12. not up for negotiation 不能談判

*President Tsai

★★★★★★★★★★★★

"We don't have a need to declare ourselves an independent state," the 63-year-old president told the BBC in an exclusive interview, her first since the election. "We are an independent country already and we call ourselves the Republic of China, Taiwan."

13. declare 宣布
14. an independent state 一個獨立的國家；政府
15. exclusive interview 專訪
16. an independent country 一個獨立國家

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Such statements infuriate Beijing, which wants a return to the "One China" principle favoured by the main rival she saw off in the race for president, Han Kuo-yu from the Kuomintang party. His party traces its roots to the defeated nationalists in the Chinese civil war, who fled to Taiwan and continued to see the island as part of a greater China from which they had been usurped.

17. infuriate 激怒
18. return to 還給, 歸回
19. main rival 主要競爭對手
20. trace its roots 追根溯源
21. defeated the nationalists 戰敗的國民黨
22. flee to 逃往
23. be usurped 被篡奪

★★★★★★★★★★★★

In recent years, that concept of One China has proved a useful compromise, Taiwanese supporters of it argue. China insists on its acceptance as a prerequisite for building economic ties with Taiwan, precisely because doing so is an explicit denial of its existence as a de facto island state.

24. a useful compromise 有用的協定, 妥協
25. insist on 堅持
26. a prerequisite for... ...的先決條件
27. build economic ties 建立經濟聯繫
28. a explicit denial 明確否認
29. de facto 事實上

★★★★★★★★★★★★

But it is clear that Ms Tsai* believes her victory is proof of how little appetite there now is for the One China concept and the ambiguity it allowed over Taiwan's real status. "The situation has changed," she says. "The ambiguity can no longer serve the purposes it was intended to serve." And what has really changed, she suggests, is China.

--BBC

30. it is clear that… ...是清楚的
31. proof of… …的證明
32. how little appetite there is for... 對...沒有多少胃口; 對...不接受
33. One China concept 一個中國的概念
34. ambiguity 模棱兩可
35. real status 真實狀態
36. intend to serve… 所欲實現的（成效）

*President Tsai

★★★★★★★★★★★★

"Because [for more than] three years we're seeing China has been intensifying its threat... they have their military vessels and aircraft cruising around the island," she says. "And also, the things happening in Hong Kong, people get a real sense that this threat is real and it's getting more and more serious."

37. intensify its threat 加劇威脅
38. military vessels and aircrafts 軍艦和飛機
39. get more serious 變得更嚴重

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Taiwan's interests, she believes, are not best served by semantics but by facing up to the reality, in particular the aspirations of the Taiwanese youth who flocked to her cause. "We have a separate identity and we're a country of our own. So, if there's anything that runs counter to this idea, they will stand up and say that's not acceptable to us. "We're a successful democracy, we have a pretty decent economy, we deserve respect from China."

40. Taiwan’s interests are not best served by semantics. 文字遊戲並非最佳實現台灣利益（的方式）
41. semantics 語義學; 文字遊戲
42. face up to reality 面對現實
43. the aspirations of the Taiwanese youth 台灣青年的志向
44. flock to her cause 湧向她的目標
45. a separate identity 一個單獨的、不同的身份
46. run counter to 違反；有悖常理，背道而馳
47. a decent economy 像樣的、相當不錯的經濟制度
48. deserve respect 值得尊重

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Sources

https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-51115705

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51104246

https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5098630

Image source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51104246

★★★★★★★★★★★★

時事英文大全: https://wp.me/p44l9b-1Y8

訂閱《Today is my day》👉https://bit.ly/2Roz2qd
#宇宙人外信 全收錄：https://bit.ly/3wO4KwA
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到美國不知道怎麼買地鐵票？去日本搭電車坐錯方向？在韓國不知道KTX票價？同樣的情境和句子該怎麼用當地語言和人溝通呢？

03:21 A ticket to New jersey, please. 一張到紐澤西的車票謝謝
04:32 すみません、大阪行きのチケット一枚ください　Sumimasen, osaka-iki no chiketto \hitohira\ kudasai
08:00 부산가는 티켓 한 장 주세요　busanganeun tikes han jang juseyo
12:18 切符 kippu
12:48 one-way ticket 單程票
12:52 round-trip ticket 來回票
13:31 片道切符 Katamichi kippu
13:55 往復切符 oufuku kippu
14:08 편도승차권 pyeondoseungchagwon
14:24 왕복승차권 wangbogseungchagwon
15:17 fare 車資
17:43 How much is the fare 車資多少
18:05 運賃 Unchin
18:15 大阪までの運賃はいくらですか osaka made no unchin wa ikuradesu ka
18:21 運賃はいくらですか unchin wa ikuradesu ka
18:43 요금 yogeum
18:48 요금 얼마인가요 yogeum eolmaingayo
19:29 Does the train go to... 這班火車是往...嗎

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