《 在美國 什麼樣大學主修的人適合當醫生？ 》
在台灣，醫學系主要是給選「第三類組」的高中生去考的；
美國是「後醫制」，也就是唸完大學以後，才能考醫學院。
只要你在大學修過與生物等相関科目，
至於唸什麼科系並沒有限制,也不是那麼重要。

根據美國醫學院聯合會資料顯示，
人文相關科系畢業生錄取醫學院的比例最高, 達46%，
人文相關科系畢業生在MCAT(美國醫學院入學考試）的平均成績也比生物系畢業生還高。
生物學系畢業生錄取醫學院的比例只有38%。
結論，想當醫生，在大學時期，不一定要唸理組，文組的表現也不錯。
惟，美國很多醫學院只招收美國公民或綠卡持有人，
也就是說，沒有綠卡，連申請的資格都沒有。
台灣醫學院一年大約招收不到1,200名新生，
若想考美國醫學院，是不是先取得綠卡再說？
#www.ampac-visa.com,
#美國生活，#美國留學，#美國工作，#移民美國，
#綠卡，#EB3c非技術性勞工移民，#EB5投資移民，

#聯合筆記

別添弱勢生升學路之亂

許俊偉

圖:七大教育學術團體邀三黨總統參選人陣營與會，民進黨代表、行政院政務委員林萬億（左二）表示，希望未來五年讓五千名弱勢學生以外加名額的方式，進公立大學就讀。圖／聯合報系資料照片

多個教團上周邀三黨總統參選人陣營參與論壇，代表蔡英文總統出席的行政院政委林萬億在會中拋出，希望未來五年，能讓五千名弱勢生以外加名額的方式就讀公立大學。
該政策細節尚未出爐，卻也意味過去政府協助弱勢生進入公立大學的政策成效不彰，才需要再喊出其他入學管道，讓弱勢生能有「翻身」機會。
教育被視為是促進階級流動的管道之一，台灣高教曾讓三級貧戶也有機會當上總統。但教改結果，多元入學卻被譏諷為「多錢入學」，弱勢生靠著教育翻轉階級的機會，並未隨著教改而有所揚升。
十多年前，政府推出繁星計畫，僅以在校成績和學測成績決定入學順序，本意是要讓教育資源較少的非都會區、偏鄉、社區高中學生，能有與都會區學生拚搏的機會，但隨著繁星規模不斷擴大，不僅頻傳有都市學生為此到偏鄉就讀，且各校校內成績也難有一致標準，甚至曾傳出成績造假，透過繁星進入公立大學的弱勢生仍是少數，公平和公義性屢遭質疑。
繁星離設計初衷愈來愈遠，這個問題也已被各大學看見，許多學校自行另推弱勢生就學管道，像清大有旭日計畫、中興大學有興翼招生組，台大明年申請入學也將增辦希望組。
如今蔡政府在選前拋出五年五千名弱勢生進公立大學的政見，恐怕也是自打繁星不彰的嘴巴。
且因政策規畫不明確，與現有入學方式如何整合也還說不清楚。儘管教育部長潘文忠進一步表示，會在高教資源或國立大學不足的區域，讓經濟弱勢生以外加名額的方式，增加就讀公立大學的機會，但執行細節還要跟各大學討論。粗糙的政策規畫，不僅有公立大學私下抱怨，私校更是憂心生源減少會加速高教崩盤。
中國信託文教基金會與聯合報合辦年度代表字，「亂」在多年後「回鍋」拿到今年代表字，該字提案者之一李家同教授就說，教改造成的種種古怪問題，使他覺得國家實在有點亂。
教育是百年樹人大業，任何措施不僅不應倉促實施，更不該是選前隨口喊喊的草率支票。照顧弱勢生美事一樁，但政府應先行回頭檢視過去教改對弱勢生的照顧出現什麼瓶頸或漏洞，通盤檢討升學制度，否則不僅只會在既有制度上疊床架屋，也會在已夠亂的考招制度上再添亂，弱勢生仍難以透過教育翻轉階級。

Trash, the Library and a Worn, Brown Table: The
2019 College Essays on Money
美國清寒高中生的大學申請信選讀

We organize the money in our wallets in units of currency, dollars and cents, bills and coins. 皮夾裡的錢，我們會按貨幣單位、美元和美分、紙幣和硬幣分類整理。

But the money in our heads is a lot harder to arrange, lost as it often is in a haze of volatile emotions, pride and shame, jubilation and despair. 但頭腦裡的錢(思緒)卻難整理得多，迷失在情緒波動、傲慢與羞恥、欣喜與 絕望之中。

Reckoning with these feelings is hard, which is why people don’t talk about them much. Writing about them is even harder. 面對這些感受是困難的，所以人們不太談論它們。要把感受寫下來就更難了。

Six years ago, I started asking high school seniors to send in any college application essay that happened to be about money, work, social class or related topics. Immediately, it was clear that there was plenty we could learn from their writing, as they and their parents prepared to make what may be the biggest financial decision of their lives: where to spend up to $300,000 on a college education. 六年前，我開始向高中畢業班學生徵求關於金錢、工作、社會階級或相關話 題的入學申請信。我很快發現，我們顯然能從他們的寫作中學到很多，這期間他 們和父母正準備做出或許是一生中最大的投資決定：多達 30 萬美元的大學教育 經費要花在哪些地方。

This year’s collection of five essays is a reminder of how rich the idea of money is for the writers who dare to tackle it. 今年的五篇短文告訴我們，對於膽敢提筆去寫的作者，金錢這個話題可以多 麼豐富。

A plumber’s daughter and a young man fascinated with garbage trucks take on jobs that few of their peers would want. A dish washer rides home in the middle of the school night, flashcards in hand. A family gets smaller set against the tableau of its aging furniture. And a Minnesota teenager finds her way, over many years, to a new role in an old place of refuge. 一名管道工的女兒和一個著迷於垃圾車的小夥子做著沒幾個同年齡的人想從 事的工作。一個洗碗工放學後半夜搭車回家，手裡拿著學習卡片。在日漸老化的 家具構成的環境中，一個家庭變得越來越小。多年來，明尼蘇達的一個少女在一 處舊避難所，為自己找到一個新的角色。

‘I got the usual looks from people fresh out of bars or parties, either because of the stench of a hard night’s work on my clothes or because I was muttering to myself while feverishly flipping flashcards.’
—Mark Isai Garcia 「剛出酒吧或參加完派對的人朝我投以習以為常的目光，要不是因為辛苦工 作一整晚後，我的衣服上散發著惡臭，不然就是我一邊瘋狂翻動學習卡片，一邊 低聲自言自語。」 ——馬克·以賽·賈西亞(Mark Isai Garcia)

“No more broken plates, you understand?” 「不能再打破盤子了，懂嗎？」

I could make little sense of the broken English that spat from his mouth but his scrunched-up face spoke a universal language. It was a Friday night in Little Tokyo, and while families were eating five-star meals in the front dining room, a 14-year-old boy was in the back washing their dishes.
他嘴裡嘟噥的含糊英語我聽不大明白，但他緊皺的臉孔是通用的語言。那是 在小東京(Little Tokyo)一個週五晚上，外面的餐廳裡，不同家庭享用著五星級大 餐時，後場裡的一個 14 歲男孩正在清洗他們的盤子。

Wash the plates by hand, dump them into the sanitizer, place the plates into the machine, dry the plates off, return the plates to their designated spot and repeat — hopefully without damaging any. On this night though, a porcelain plate slipped through my soapy fingers and shattered onto the floor in five pieces. My face flushed even as I tried to keep my composure, but inside I was screaming, “Why me!?” as if my scream would make the plate whole again. 先用手洗盤子，再把它們浸泡到洗潔劑裡，接著又把盤子放入機器、烘乾， 然後放到指定位置，接著再來——但願別打破其中任何一個。但這天晚上，一枚 瓷盤從我沾滿肥皂的手指間滑了出去，掉到地上摔成了五個碎片。我竭力保持冷 靜，滿臉漲紅，心裡在尖叫，「為什麼是我！？」好似尖叫會讓盤子恢復原狀。

The shattered plate was only one of the many worries fighting relentlessly inside my head for attention — there was the Advanced Placement United States history midterm, a low grade in calculus, the eviction notice, a little brother getting into trouble and a dozen other smaller but pressing concerns. 破碎的盤子只是我頭腦裡不住按耐著的許多憂心事中的一件——先修課程 (Advanced Placement)美國歷史要期中考，微積分成績太低，收到住房清退通知， 弟弟惹上了麻煩，還有十來件相對瑣碎但也很緊迫的掛心事。

For me, there was no calling in sick to clear my head, getting some much needed rest or carving out study time before an upcoming exam. I had to contribute to the necessities. I shut up, got back to work and pushed with all the energy I had left. I knew all too well the symptoms of bottling up my emotions — the bitter taste of salt in each drop of sweat, losing myself in the background music and the muscle aches were nothing new to me. 對我而言，沒有打電話請病假整理下思緒的空間，也沒辦法給自己一些急需 的休息，或是在考試前騰出些時間學習。我得貼補家用。我閉上嘴，繼續工作， 用盡渾身所剩的所有力氣。我深知壓抑情緒之苦——每滴汗水既鹹又苦的味道， 忘我地沉浸在背景音樂裡，肌肉疼痛是家常便飯。

It was 12 a.m. when my shift finally ended. I boarded the bus home and took out my notes to study. I got the usual looks from people fresh out of bars or parties, either because of the stench of a hard night’s work on my clothes or because I was muttering to myself while feverishly flipping flashcards on a bus in the middle of the night. 晚班終於結束時，已經是半夜 12 點了。我搭上了回家的公車，掏出筆記開始 學習。剛出酒吧或參加完派對的人朝我投以習以為常的目光，要不是因為辛苦工 作一整晚後，我的衣服上散發著惡臭，不然就是我一邊瘋狂翻動學習卡片，一邊 低聲自言自語。

Their stares didn’t bother me at all. I was used to those too, and they were nothing more than another set of speed bumps in the way of achieving my goals. I was tired of seeing childhood friends flashing gang signs, relatives glued to the beer bottle or my dad coming home late at night with burn scars from work. Something had to change and I knew it fell to me to initiate that change. 我完全不介意他們的凝視。這些我也都習慣了，不過是我實現目標之路上的 另一組減速丘而已。我厭倦了愛秀黑幫手勢的童年朋友，啤酒不離手的親戚，或 爸爸帶著做工留下的燒傷疤痕深夜回家。必須做出點改變，而我知道，這種改變 需要由我開始。

Fortunately, I also knew I had dedication, desire and grit in my blood. My grandfather was part of the first wave of Mexican immigrants that settled in Los Angeles. He returned home to a small village in rural Oaxaca, with his savings and tales of the land of opportunity. 幸運的是，我也知道我骨子裡有奉獻、渴望和毅力。祖父是第一波在洛杉磯 定居的墨西哥移民。他後來回了瓦哈卡州鄉下小村子裡的家，帶著積蓄和這個機 遇之邦的傳說。

Both of my parents left Oaxaca in their early teenage years and began working long hours in Los Angeles, as a cook and a maid. The work ethic was passed down generations; from the cornfields in Oaxaca, to the restaurants in Los Angeles, to the classroom, which helped me thrive both in school and work. 父母十來歲便離開瓦哈卡州，開始在洛杉磯沒日沒夜地工作，做廚師和女僕。 從瓦哈卡州的玉米田到洛杉磯的餐館再到教室，這種工作倫理代代相傳，讓我得 以在學業和工作振奮向前。

On this particular night, as I walked through the front door at home, I saw an uplifting surprise: My mother had fallen asleep waiting up for me despite her own long day. I tucked the cash tips I made that night into her purse and turned off the TV. 就在這個晚上，我走進家門，無意間看到了一個讓我欣慰的意外：辛勞了一 整天的母親在等我回家時睡著了。我把當晚拿到的小費塞到她的皮夾裡，關掉了 電視。

I peered into our bedroom where my brothers and cousins were lost in their blissful dreams. Watching my siblings snore and breathe slowly sparked a yawn that cued the rest of my body’s delayed exhaustion. However, it would be a while before I could join them in sleep. I had an essay due early the next morning, and Ms. DePaolo doesn’t accept late work. 我凝視著卧室裡進入甜美夢鄉的兄弟姐妹。看到他們輕輕打鼾、緩緩呼吸的 樣子，我禁不住打了個哈欠，這才發現自己已經筋疲力竭。可是，我要過會才能 和他們一道休息。我還有篇作文明早要交，德保羅老師可不接受不按時交作業。

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