舊約聖經《創世紀》中關於伊甸園有這樣的記載：「有河從伊甸流出來，滋潤那園子，從那裡分為四道：第一道名叫比遜，就是環繞哈腓拉全地的。在那裡有金子，並且那地的金子是好的；在那裡又有珍珠和紅瑪瑙。第二道河名叫基訓，就是環繞古實全地的。第三道河名叫底格里斯，流在亞述的東邊。第四道河就是伯拉河。」

多數學者認為第四道的伯拉河，就是現今的幼發拉底河，和第三道底格里斯河形成了兩河流域古文明的發源地。第一道比遜河被推測為印度河；而衣索比亞舊名古實，因此第二道基訓河，很可能就是發源於塔納湖，在衣索比亞境內繞了一圈後，再往北流向蘇丹、埃及的尼羅河。

非洲目前大多數信仰基督教的國家都是因為在近代受到了歐洲殖民母國的影響，然而，衣索比亞自古以來便是虔誠的基督教國度，也是非洲少數沒有遭受殖民之苦的國家。在舊約聖經《列王記》中，記載了一位來自非洲的示巴女王，因為聽聞所羅門王的名聲，於是到耶路撒冷拜訪的故事。根據衣索比亞當地的傳說，示巴女王和所羅門王生下了一個男孩，成為了後來的曼涅里克一世，也是衣索比亞皇室的先祖。而曼涅里克一世成年後自以色列返回到衣索比亞時，設計帶走了存放十誡的約櫃，自此約櫃就流落到了衣索比亞，傳說被安置於衣索比亞境內的阿克蘇姆城中。

在尼羅河源頭塔納湖的四周，有許多古老而美麗的基督教修道院。其中，位於澤格半島（Zege Pennisula）的烏拉‧基達奈·馬哈雷特修道院是西元十四世紀時由聖哲瑪利安（Abune Betre Maryam）所創立。當地流傳著許多關於他行奇蹟的故事，其中最著名的莫過於他的神奇手杖。據說，瑪利安剛來到塔納湖畔時，澤格半島仍是一片荒蕪之地，為了餵養當地居民，瑪利安虔心祈禱並得到了上帝的啟示，於是他把自己的手杖分成了三截，插入土中，這三段手杖分別化成了咖啡樹、檸檬樹、以及鼠李（Gesho, 啤酒花的替代品），改善了當地人民的生活。

有幸能夠認識及訪問葉漢浩博士，感覺他是一位愛主、健康正面的性情中人，而且也熱愛運動、喜歡挑戰。 跟他聊天，大有得着。

*喜歡的話，請幫忙分享☺️

ACM福音見證節目︰《歲月留情》

本輯嘉賓︰葉漢浩博士
與你笑談人生！

節目主持：劉偉恒弟兄 (ACM董事、電台主持、導演)

*祝福生命的軌跡*

葉漢浩博士
香港中文大學崇基學院神學院助理教授
工業福音團契義務拓展總監
關懷貧窮學校創校校長

「貼地教授」葉漢浩博士，日常除了忙碌於神學教育及聖經研究工作外，還非常積極參與關懷貧窮及基層家庭的工作，近年更創立愛愛鄰事工，
關懷小型教會牧者及基督教機構網絡，並拍攝短片介紹一些機構及教會事工及其需要。

他一生致力推動關懷扶助弱小，在教學上亦常常鼓勵學生，啟發潛能，祝福了很多生命！這份熱心原來是沿於一條有血有淚的生命成長軌跡……

童年時候的葉博士是怎樣塑造今天的他？

請留意「歲月留情」Ep.13

「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dw_kid12/

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訂閱: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8vabPSRIBpwSJEMAPCnzVQ?sub_confirmation=1

鬼故事: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4rmkFI1ik0&list=PLglqLngY6gv5BCwaoP-q6DOwUmw1lIusF

我最高觀看次數的影片 (我為何不再拍暗網? 只說一次): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbihKaqEEQw&t=127s

曼德拉效應: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMutzRIE_uE&list=PLglqLngY6gv5BCwaoP-q6DOwUmw1lIusF&index=17&t=5s

我的100K成長故事: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kdhtp6A6YJE

破解Kate yup事件是假的! 不是綁架! 不要被騙! (Facebook上的證據): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NJVt56ORWo&t=2s

日本最殘酷的直播節目: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7E81OKVX7wc

網上最可怕的一個字 (Ft. HenHen TV): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLedkSHc7Os&t=145s

[戒備!!!]破解KPOP偽韓團IG假帳號的陷阱
戒備IG假帳號KPOP偽韓團的陷阱!!!
BTS戒備IG假帳號KPOP偽韓團的陷阱!!!
破解KPOP Fancam shadowing聖經
千萬不要點開｜IG上這些偽韓團帳號點開會讓人心靈受創!!
IG和推特的韓國團體恐怖影片！

2 girls 1 cup, 14.44, user 927, ashvlogs, Kate Yup. 大家好又是我暗網仔. 現在show完這些網上奇案的名字後看來這條影片都會被黃標了啦!

這不是什麼Youtube新黃標記, 而是自5月25號起出現在大量BTS, Loona等kpop acts的短片中. 所有這些fancam, 即是被放大的表演影片, 問題就是影片中段突然出現... “I saw isis execution, girl slicing her arm, two people burning to death...” (p1)

[FANCAM shadowing] 1個解決方法, 兩種解答, 3個觀點

意外現場錄影: 暗網流出的片段放在Kpop唱歌跳舞當中. 有指看這些影片會讓你帳戶被Hack. 又不要説得好像什麼詛咒一樣, 看一影片不足而給黑客入侵你個人電腦. 首先要看背後的人或團隊是什麼人.

(p2)由Twitter群組@fancamsituation證實: 爆發了一連串會發出大量驚嚇Kpop短片的twitter帳戶. 全部的名字都有這個標誌和‘slitz’ 的字眼. 血seng畫面由自殘到真實意外影像都有. 多個幼的kpop fans不幸碰到這些影片留下陰影.

直至大概28號行動升溫. 事件擴散到Instagram, duoyin抖音...還有指有kpop粉會收到神秘人的私訊. “What is your fear” 建議就是不要回復.
(p3)這是Instagram要小心的名單. 現時還可以容易IG上找到(p4) 小心.

1

[1個解決方法] 有Youtuber提出’ Twitter自動播放’ 關掉, 就能保護自己不小心看到這些片.
在IG收到私訊主要是Kpop粉. 做法是block他們帳號, 然後report他們.


2

[兩種解答:]

[1. 4chan]
已久成為了美國次文化的討論區4chan常常造就潮流Memes.

那標記和名字如何解釋? 標記的意思是處決.

[2. 真理邪教]
(P5) “the whole Fancam thing was started by a cult, they call themselves ‘the shinrikyo cult””

1995年日本, 現時稱為Tokyo metro (p6)的東京地鐵發生化學武器攻擊. 事件被追sok到由部分失明人士 ‘麻原彰晃’ 創立的真理邪教.利用宣揚 “真正” 佛教的借口
最後2018年麻原和6名成員被處死.
之後2019年有气車撞人群事件, 2007年還建立新教‘光輪教’ 也是受 ‘真理’ 的理論啟發.

Fancam事件亦是真理教的後人做這個説法到今時今日只是停流在都巿傳聞的層面上.

3

[3個觀點]
這是從上載者的觀點出發:

-第一觀點: 有網友指事件背後的人是真Kpop fans. 想用這方法去宣傳自己所支持的偶像. 2014年 Fancam第一次出現時的確有幫韓國女團EXID事業pan上高峰.

但我覺得加一些貓被放入微波爐的畫面不是為了做這件事.

-第二觀點: 因為這件事overall對kpop fans的型像做成了負面影響, 這是好像someordinarygamers所講是4chan或reddit討論區的無聊人或中學生所為. 不是太出奇, fancam不止是有版權上的問題, 而是常常在Twitter用來ji yiw一些非kpop粉絲的用途. 網路世界ng to Fancam文化的人也挺多的.

-第三觀點:
首先説説: “真理教” 並非完全針對基督教, 真理的重心是‘千禧年主義’-相信融合幾種學派: 無論佛教, 基督教, 甚至瑜珈思想, 可以為社會建造出一個黃金時代.
真理邪教最受影響是對於宗教偶像的崇拜. 真理主要是拜印度神Shiva而麻原 彰晃亦有自稱是耶穌轉世.
這個強烈宗教偶像崇拜會否跟娛樂圈明星崇拜造成他們不喜歡的對比? 而是不是因為這個對比導至真理教的人選擇在現今最紅的韓星,最受到崇拜的fancam中, 下這個毒手, 想打gik他們呢? 可能覺得就是: 要崇拜也不要崇拜這些唱歌跳舞的人. 要崇拜就崇拜天上的神!

偶像崇拜就算在宗教中也是受到爭議的事情. “Thou shalt have no other gods before me” 就是十gaiy中禁止用偶像代替屬於無型jong的神. 其實歴史中基dook教用偶像, gauw tong, diu jeung令到聖經中的東西能發揚光大是chung ming的. 偶像崇拜本身也沒有錯, 只要了解你崇拜的那樣東西是代表什麼. 不會跟一些奇怪cult leader, 又不要像一些bts sasaeng: 瘋狂fans最後行為是傷害自己偶像.

做今天這條影片很危險的. 除了得罪cult外現在還講一些還有瘋狂kpop stans. 但記得影片的開頭嗎? 我應該已經被黃標了. 好cham了！ 所以希望大家: 大人有大量啦!

#金庸小說 #倚天屠龍記 #神鵰俠侶

神鵰俠侶和倚天屠龍記真實歷史人物
各位大家好，歡迎來到HenHenTV的奇異世界，我是Tommy.
上一集講了射雕英雄傳，今天我們來說神鵰俠侶和倚天屠龍記，由於神鵰俠侶和射雕英雄傳裡面很多人物都重疊了，所以今天加進倚天屠龍記一起說。
在神鵰俠侶裡面，有提到個古墓派。其實歷史裡面的確實有活死人墓，但是就不是林朝英(chao2ying1)創立的。我們上次也有說到王重陽，他的確是全真教道教的創始人，在1160年，他自稱喝醉酒後遇到得道者‘兩人’，給了他真言五篇，所謂的兩人並不是兩個人，其實是暗指‘兩口’人，兩個口加起來就是一個呂字，也就是呂洞賓。
哦～原來是飲大左～
他過後就出家修道，隱居在終南山，他在終南山自鑿（zao2）一墓，號稱活死人墓，更燒香供奉自己的靈位。
過後他就開始傳教，更收了七個人當他的徒弟，也就是全真七子了。
那麼誰是尹（yin3）志平呢？現實中的確實有這個人，他是全真七子丘處機的第二弟子，在神鵰俠侶裡面，他就是侮辱了小龍女的那個人，馬的！小龍女是我的！
當大家看到這一段的時候，真的不明白為何金庸那麼狠心的玷污（dian4wu1）純潔的小龍女，是否需要在小說中產生一些缺陷，才貼近真實的人生呢？這樣才能顯示出楊過的堅持嗎？應該有不少人在心中罵過尹志平這個敗類，但是大家都誤會了。。。
歷史中的確實有尹志平，他在道教修行上有著很高的成就，而且更是醫術高明，在災難中救濟貧民百姓，得到大眾的擁戴，所以金庸過後覺得不該污衊(wu1mie4)這個真實的歷史人物，於是在新版的神鵰俠侶裡面把尹志平改成凱志丙。
那麼突必烈（hu1bi4lie4）也是真實歷史人物，他是拖雷的第四兒子，在1246年攻陷了宋朝，創立了元朝，而全真教並沒有像小說一樣抵抗蒙古，在元朝時代全真教是受到重視的，只是在忽必烈信佛過後就開始沒落了。
現在說到了倚天屠龍記，時代背景是在元朝的末期，先說朱元璋，他就是推翻元朝而創立明朝的人，大家聽過月餅的傳說吧！就是把紙條塞進月餅裡面，通知大家月圓當天起義，講的就是朱元璋。但是他一做了皇帝過後，就把所以建國大臣和大將都殺了。是個非常心狠手辣的人。
在小說裡面，他是靠明教才推翻了元朝，所以為了紀念，所以才把明字放在朝代裡面，稱之為明朝。所謂的明教，其實就是日月神教，日加月，就是一個明字。
在歷史裡面這個宗教是源自於波斯，叫做摩尼教。是一個混進回教，基督教和佛教的綜合宗教，而來到了中原，更是加進佛教裡面的釋迦牟尼，所以叫做摩尼教。對於當時的人來說這是魔教。
裡面的人都是異端。
但是在元末時代，由於當時元朝禁止白蓮教，彌勒(mi2le4)教等，這就是起義的源頭，韓山童等人以紅巾裹（guo3）頭，以白蓮教和彌勒教為旗幟(qi2zhi4)，起義造反，自稱為紅巾軍，而朱元璋曾經加入名叫‘小明王’的韓林兒的旗下。聽說這韓林兒就是張無忌的原型，而朱元璋就是韓林兒離奇溺死後就替代了他，傳說中是朱元璋下的毒手。
那麼武當派裡面的張三豐，也是真實歷史人物，創立了武當山派的道教，他是南宋末期到明初的道士，在【明史方伎傳】裡面更記載，他在武當山結廬而居，還在寶雞市死而復活，也是太極拳的創辦人。傳說中他出生的年份是1247年，去世時的年份是1464年，哇！不就是217歲嗎？有沒有那麼誇張哦！
至於明教的五散人，就是彭瑩玉，張中，說不得，周顛和冷謙都是真實人物來的，尤其是彭瑩玉，他就是剛才我們說的彌勒教的師祖，而其他幾人都是道教裡面的人物。
那麼倚天屠龍記裡面的九陽真經是真的嗎？答案是沒有的，不過在故事裡面，寫這本書的就是達摩，他是南天竺或者是波斯人，是中國的禪宗創始人，也是少林寺的鼻祖，所有的少林武功都是源自於達摩。例如：易筋經，洗髓經還有少林七十二絕技。
在故事裡面，除了達摩本人練成九陽神功，還有一個人就是覺遠和尚，覺遠是歷史裡面也是有的，他是少林寺的僧人，把蔡，李，劉，莫的民間拳法加以吸收和整理，並制定習武的戒律，是南少林拳法的中興之祖。更是對以後的廣東洪拳有著很大的影響。
好啦～大概說到這裡，如果有那個人物漏掉的，歡迎大家留言告訴我。下一集我們來說鹿鼎記吧！這個是金庸最後一本小說，也是最崩壞的一本，所以我最喜歡就是這一本，裡面的韋小寶不是什麼正義人物，也不會武功，但是裡面的情節就是讓人沉迷下去，我那時好像是用了一個禮拜來看完整本書。
好啦！我們下個奇異世界見，Bye Bye。

本集主題： 「為甚麼我在包容基督徒?：十九世紀中葉儒者的宗教寬容」新書介紹
　　　　　
訪問作者： 孔德維 （Hung Tak Wai）
　　
內容簡介：
既批判，又主張接納，清儒對基督宗教的包容源於「大國的自信」？
大清帝國的菁英如何在時代的變局中，重新思考「國家」與自身的責任？
　　
　　爬梳史料，以清儒姚瑩、梁廷枏、魏源為例，看19世紀中葉中國儒者的自我定位與世界觀！
　　
　　傳統儒教菁英的思維中，「教化」是國家與儒者的當然責任，不過19世紀初，卻開始出現不同的聲音，主張包容非儒教的族群。道光帝便曾親筆寫下「護國清真」的匾額，並下令重修河南的清真寺；而1840年代的戰爭以後，這樣的「包容」仍然遍及於基督宗教，更有一些儒者系統地解釋了「包容」異教的必要性。
　　
　　相較於16-17世紀的明國和日本，這是全然不同的景象。在16-17世紀，江南的明儒和佛教徒因強烈的危機意識，銳意排斥基督宗教，不惜以武力相抗；同一時期，江戶幕府更是基於「國家安全」的考慮，禁絕以十萬計的基督徒，徹底「鎖國」、「禁教」。
　　
　　在本書中，我們則會看到19世紀中葉，曾接觸許多歐洲國家的官員姚瑩（1785-1853），承認其他宗教也可能是「天道」的一種，主張包容不同的宗教風俗；痛恨「異端」的魏源（1794-1857），也認為世界各族「秉氣」各異，不能以一教統覆天下；為了維持國際貿易而提議接納基督教的梁廷枏（1796-1861），則深信只要儒教與基督宗教充分交流，外國的異教徒終必師從周、孔。這些儒者並非單純以自身的信仰或官員管治的立場面對基督宗教，而是在「經世」的終極目的下，消化新知，考量現實，不斷修正他們的世界觀，維繫帝國的繁榮穩定。對他們而言，理解基督宗教的過程就是世界觀、新資訊與現實考慮三者互動的結果。
　　　　
作者簡介：孔德維(Hung Tak Wai)
　　香港人，1991年出生，香港中文大學宗教研究學士及哲學碩士，香港大學中國研究博士。曾任訪問學人於中央研究院，並參與歐洲、海灣地區及東亞不同學術會議。現職沙特阿拉伯王國費薩爾國王學術與伊斯蘭研究中心研究員及香港中文大學伊斯蘭文化研究中心博士後研究員。主要研究領域為自17世紀以來東亞少數群體的研究，尤集中於小眾的宗教團體與政府及與主流社會的關係，主要包括中國的穆斯林及基督徒與香港的少數族裔社群。
　　
　　過去數年，不斷參與香港公民社會的各種活動，2011年創立文宣學社為清貧學童提供免費教育服務，並在不同非政府機構參與研究工作，探討非華語學生在香港的學習及就業困難。現為新創企業Glocal Learning Offices（GLOS）的研究總監，以國際關係為本，從旅遊、生活、教育、研究、社會、創作等範疇服務本地及國際社會。