「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

疫情爆發以來，藝術家能做的事不多，平常就閉關在家其實挺習慣，但是總想為社會做些事、幫上忙，想了半天安撫人心也許還行吧！於是另一本「地獄空」將趕在中元普渡八月初出版上市，由典藏出版社社長發心首肯出版，設計名家黃子欽操刀，附贈很多符咒給大家趨吉避凶。諸惡莫作，眾善奉行，疫情消退，平安喜樂。附上後記給大家解封後參訪這些宮廟，觀照自己的心所。全文如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鐘情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。

2017年盛暑拍畢「巨神連線」，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒…總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鸞堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山…）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開郎基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘糟屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截…等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄…兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼…等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石…小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭…等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮…等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤…等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍…等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據「十八泥犁經」記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

＃神父的鹽
　
「其次，刻意操作省籍對立剝削意識．他認為２２８事件是『中國高官、逼台灣民』的省籍對立剝削．他表示，１９４７年２２８事件爆發，當年國民黨接收台灣，外省人壟斷了所有的權位．果若外省人壟斷所有權位，他的父親怎能有此機會擔任官派首長？」
　
「陳建仁的這場演講，刻意偽裝家族是２２８事件受難者、操作省籍對立剝削意識、隱滿家族豐厚成長背景，以及誇張了威權時代國民政府為反共、護國、保台所造成的過失，而刻意不論政府在二戰以後戮力建設台灣，免於中共統治的功勞．這場謬誤不實的演講，不但扭曲了２２８事件及威權時代的真相，也彰顯一個知識分子袒護當權者的墮落，更著實豎立蔡政府的新威權．」
　
這什麼墮落文章？提及事實叫做操弄族群對立？要戰陳建仁祖宗八代就算了，順道扭曲二二八真相？
　
二二八本來就跟省籍衝突脫不了關係，國民政府來台就是實行殖民統治，「中國高官、逼台灣民」、「外省人壟斷所有權位」，這本來就是事實，說是實行殖民統治，怎麼會讓本省人位居高位？就算讓本省人當官，其動機為何？難道不是效法清廷以番制番，來個以台制台？這不就是過往外來獨裁皇權對於本土居民的高壓手段？不就是為了靖綏所以採取的統治方法？如同中國共產黨在人大安插的台灣省代表，藉以加強殖民統治與侵略他人的正當性？
　
難道說，港人林鄭擔任特首，就等於「中國政府沒有排斥香港人，重用香港人？」林鄭鎮壓反送中運動，是站在香港的人角度著想，還是站在中共的立場？林鄭的自主性有多少？能代表香港人嗎？她是當作樣板宣傳，還是讓香港人自己當家作主？我們可以用林鄭來合理化中共對香港的暴政嗎？可以用香港本土警察攻擊香港民眾，說明他的行動是自願的？他們樂意這麼做？可否將真兇中國政府下的明明白白的指令，扮演的角色徹底去除？香港人自己殺死自己？說中國政府制定的國安法是為了「護國、保港」？
　
如果不行，怎麼會拿陳建仁的父親當過官派首長，所以沒有「中國高官，逼台灣民」，沒有「追究台灣人民的政治忠誠，剝奪他們參與公職的權利？」
　
真敢摸著覽趴說，二二八「外省人沒有壟斷權位？」、「沒有中國高官逼台灣民」？　
　
不如這麼說，要是陳的父親有所抵抗，或者說，拒絕擔任，違背黨國意志，會有什麼樣的下場？
　
本土人士擔任國民黨的官，就不會面臨到黨國的壓迫？　
　
難道要效法李敖的說法，因為有少數外省人被毆擊，所以變成「臺灣從光復 以後，從日本人手裏，我們中國重新把它拿回來以後所發生的一個政府和人民之間的一個嚴重的衝突」、「台灣人殺外省人」、「軍人並不知道誰該殺誰不該殺，有一些臺灣的人，張三跟李四的不對，張三就鼓動軍隊去殺李四，所以嚴格的說起來，最後的殺來殺去的局面是臺灣人殺臺灣人」、「台灣人自己殺死自己」？
　
這是部分替代整體的謬誤．
　
按照李敖的說法，外省人被殺了十天，死了數萬，但警備總部紀載的的外省人死亡人數為５２人，然後李敖說本省人死亡數字是炒作，所以把受害者的數字驟減，被波及的人數誇大，所以整體就變成「元凶是台灣皇民日本兵」？
　
這種被害者當成加害者，加害者變成被害人，國民黨無罪，蔣介石鎮壓暴民的黨國史觀，不就跟陳儀的記者會和黨國報紙專門強調外省人傷亡，遮蓋自己暴行無異？
　
迫害外省人的又是誰？不分本省外省一齊鎮壓的始作俑者又是誰？不就是外來殖民政權嗎？警備總部之下的忠義服務隊，在台灣實行反間工作，專門燒毀外省人商店、毆打外省人，利用黑道流氓在各地製造混亂、燒殺擄掠，製造派兵的藉口，這怎麼不提？所以忠義服務隊利用黑道或吸收台灣學生，滲透台灣民間，可以說成是讓本省人當官，「外省人沒有壟斷權位」？因為忠義服務隊隊長許德輝是本省人？林頂立這個「半山」是軍統裡的本省人？
　
誰收買他們的？誰指揮他們的？誰下達命令讓他們去殺害手無寸鐵的學生？
　
「柯遠芬引導監察委員兼監察院特派臺灣監察使楊亮功到圓山陸軍倉庫前面廣場，指遍倒在廣場上的數百具屍體說：這些就是昨晚進攻這個倉庫，被國軍擊斃的奸匪暴徒．楊亮功無言．後來楊亮功對他的跟隨人透露：倉庫附近並沒有戰鬥過的跡象，死者都是十八、九歲的中學生，又沒有攜帶武器……這數百名十八、九歲的中學生，就是昨晚在市內各派出所維持治安，而機槍步槍齊響以前，被憲警，林頂立的『行動隊』和許德輝的『忠義服務隊』所拘捕、押到圓山倉庫前面廣場，被國軍擊斃的．」
　
誰使百姓為了自保互相舉報？誰用利益誘惑他們讓他們互相殘殺？
　
警備總部接收了西本願寺，以「整理情報」、「收集情報」之名，進行逮捕、監禁、拷問之實，結果把外省人歐陽可亮給捉進去，稱他為「３４號」．
　
「一種叫做『跪鐵鍊』的拷問，是教犯人坐上鐵鍊，讓鐵鍊的凹凸不平，叫人疼痛不已．還有一種『踏木桿』，教人跨坐到一根削尖的木材上，然後由二個人用力從肩膀下壓，屁股嵌入木桿，痛的連尿都會閃出來．也有人陰莖被通電流，因而喪失生殖能力。聽說在詢問室的隔壁，一些被判死判的囚犯還被用來練習空手道呢．甚至曾經謠傳，死去的人的鬼魂經常出現．」
　
「他們說我和台灣共產黨的林樑材同謀造反，無論如何，都不能教我心服口服．我抵死抗辯．於是，他們從另一個角度詰問我：『不然，你清楚地交代你的經歷．』」
　
「我父親是外交官，我在北京出生，到國外留學過一段時間．回國後，任教於各大學」．
　
歐陽可亮在獄中，和其他獄友相識，旁邊有一人和他搭話，
　
「我叫王育霖，是建國中學的老師，也擔任『民報』的法律顧問。我有個弟弟在台南．如果你可以離開這裡的話，能不能請你告訴他，我最後被關在西本願寺的事．」
　
「沒問題，我叫歐陽可亮．我們大概沒救了吧？不過，像你說的，我也要拜託你，如果是你離開這裡的話，請把我的事情轉告大同的林挺生．」
　
「林挺生，他是早我一年的高中學長．」
　
「我不記得王育霖到西本願寺是十四日或十五日，不過確定是比我晚進去的．他什麼時候死的，我也不知道．到我離開西本願寺的三月底為止，他應該都還活著的．」
　
歐陽可亮不久就被釋放，他的太太向上海的吳元黎告急，吳元黎再向南京的父親吳鼎昌求援．吳鼎昌便直接打電話給陳儀，要求他「不要殺歐陽可亮．」
　
但是其他同在獄中的人，可就沒那麼幸運．
　
歐陽可亮出獄了以後，又被姚虎臣勒索，即是當初關押他的警備總部第二處處長，他身兼三個職位，訓練總隊長和綠島集中營主任，專門懲戒流氓，本身的行為卻跟流氓沒兩樣－甚至比流氓還惡劣，他把放出去的人又捉了回來，向他們勒索贖金．
　
和歐陽可亮一同被姚邀請的，還有林挺生、林子畏，林子畏是「全民日報」的社長，批評陳儀被威脅，於是將全民日報頂讓給林頂立．
　
「你們都是台灣有名的大企業家－」　
　
姚虎臣說，　
　
「和你們比起來，我不過是一介武夫．台灣呢，比我想像的還難治理，而且物價又貴．只靠陸軍少將的薪水，不容易生活的喲．」
　
「所以，要和你們打個商量，」、「能不能請你們各別寫張借據給我？」
　
我們四人互相看來看去．

「借據？是說我們向姚處長借了什麼東西嗎？」林挺生問，
　
「沒錯，中國的作風是以黃金幾兩計算的．物價波動這麼厲害，金錢是會貶值的．」
　
於是被關押出來的人們，又紛紛被勒索黃金，簽下借據，可謂將一條牛剝兩層皮，歐陽可亮被迫要繳交一百兩黃金，其他人兩百兩．
　
「這話真是欺人太甚．不正面向我們勒索，變成是我們償還向他告貸的債務，真是狡滑」
　
書中如此形容，
　
在這個勒索完成後，姚心滿意足地找來樂隊唱戲，聲音太大，驚動了隔壁的台灣仕紳劉明，他不認識姚虎城，卻認識歐陽等人，他不知道他們正被這群「阿山兵」綁架著．
　
「像這樣咚鏘吵雜，一點也不像你們的樣子．隔壁的人根本無法談事情．我正在招待教育廳長許壽裳，討論成功大學昇格登記的重要事情．你們能不能安靜一點，拜託！」
　
姚虎臣聽了，勃然大怒，他跑去隔壁討面子，對著劉明吼「劉明，你知道有天，不知道有地嗎？知不知道我是誰？警總第二處處長姚虎臣，就是我．」
　
「聽好，明早十點之前，來中山堂給我謝罪，否則，給我小心你們兩人的狗命！」
　
最後，劉只好找歐陽、林幫忙說情，諷刺的是，這兩人也是被威脅的對象．
　
姚在中山堂羞辱了劉一番，稱看在歐陽、林的面子上，饒他一命．
　
「然而劉明並不就此平安無事．沒多久，不知因何罪名，他被警總逮捕，判了十年徒刑．此事報紙也曾刊登過，相信還有人記得吧？他一日不少地在砂石場整整服刑十年．
　
教育廳長許壽裳更可憐，竟被暗殺了．」
　
姚虎臣就是典型「中國高官、逼台灣民」、「外省人壟斷所有權位」的代表，他囂張跋扈的嘴臉，連同為外省人的教育廳長許壽裳都不放在眼裡，連歐陽可亮都能加以威脅，至於同為他眼中羔羊的人們，顯然也有差別待遇，至少在西本願寺被關押的本省人，不一定等得到打給陳儀的一通電話．
　
所以，若要將當時被迫服從的人們，或者被當作工具，有利用價值的本省人，為了自保而屈從，服務於外省權貴的仕紳階級，反而當作一種證明，稱陳建仁的父親擔任官派首長，所以「當年國民政府不但沒有排斥曾在日本時代總督府任職的台灣人反而更加重用」，而把數百數千被殺台灣菁英當作不存在，這是去語境的謬誤，陳建仁的父親當然很幸運，他能生存下去，不代表國民政府屠殺壓迫，實行階級剝削的事情不存在．
　
接著將責任轉嫁到陳建仁身上，說他「操作省籍對立剝削意識、隱滿家族豐厚成長背景」，以及「誇張了威權時代國民政府為反共、護國、保台所造成的過失」、「而刻意不論政府在二戰以後戮力建設台灣，免於中共統治的功勞．」
　
這種就是黨國文宣看太多，才會產生的去語境的謬誤，維護真兇，合理化暴行的見解．
　
只有白癡才會在香港人被中國鎮壓以後，說香港人講中共的暴行是誇張中共的過失，故意不提中共建設香港的功勞．
　
簡單直白問一句，你會在看到被害者被強暴以後，要他提起加害人曾經多愛自己？為他做了多少事？
　
噁心透頂．
　
這篇墮落的文章透露出許多謬誤，實在讓人難以吐槽，居然會有媒體刊登這種謬論，並且指稱他人犯了謬誤，所以都是假的，並合理化自己的謬論為真，簡直是謬論謬論，謬誤學家的謬誤．
　
「他父親只會講台語，不會講國語(普通話)…」，說陳的家族經商，是漢語化家庭，陳的父親不會中文，怎麼當官？
　
這依然是個謬誤，陳說的是語言，不是文字，外省族群來台灣，來自中國各省，就不是使用同一種語言了，蔣介石的母語也不是北京話，就連蔣介石帶來的官兵，也不少聽得懂台語，陳所敘述的原文是，
　
「陳建仁也提到，１９４５年起，父親陳新安擔任官派的旗山鎮長，有一天鎮長辦公室突然遭許多軍人闖入，配槍軍人還將刺刀對準陳新安，要求『搬出去！』但陳新安只會說台語，不會說普通話，因此以台語反問『什麼叫「出去」？』不料對方回嗆『我槍斃你！』一度引發緊張對峙，所幸後來找上軍方長官溝通，才順利化解僵局．」
　
聽得懂不代表會說，會說不一定說的很流利，會聽不一定聽得懂全部，說陳的父親是漢語化家庭，不會中文怎麼當官，這就是訴諸純潔的謬誤，北京話不等於中文，漢語化家庭不一定會說北京話，至於陳父所當的土官，實際上是為了統治者方便統治台民，那顯然會台語的實用性大於北京話．
　
我們看看歐陽可亮所敘述的另一個情境，
　
「學生當中有人對軍隊明白表示不滿，和他們起了衝突而被毆打．我連忙趕去道歉，教訓學生，平息軍隊的怒氣．那種情況之下，不這樣做，就無法救那些學生．另外有些學生不知事情原委，看到軍人打開倉庫拿米，大叫：『阿山兵搶我們的米』
　
從福州調來的二十五師獨立旅團，有不少士兵聽懂台灣話．就在學生大聲喊叫的時候，一個士兵突然拔出手搶，當場射殺那名學生．那種殘酷的景象，至今仍在我腦中揮之不去．」
　
就可以知道，當時使用的語言情境，十分複雜，如同姚虎臣聽不懂台灣話，身邊卻有可以當翻譯的軍官，他依此跑去問責仕紳，陳父如果做官，應也有類似會北京話的同僚，而陳所稱「找上軍方長官溝通」應也是凸顯這個語言衝突的實際情境．
　
而如果不會中文，就不能當官，這不就是「外省人壟斷權位」的最佳例證？依此邏輯，台灣人不會中文，當不了官，那多數權位不就由會中文的外省人擔當？
　
簡直通篇自打臉．
　
說國民政府重用日本時代總督府任職的台灣人，不曾排斥，不如說，日本時代總督府任職的台灣人，被殺死、冤枉關押的有多少？當官存活跟被殺的比例為何？
　
光講幾個例子，當到臺灣省行政長官公署教育處副處長的宋斐如被拖去大直槍殺，依據歐陽可亮所述，
　
「台灣大學文學院院長林茂生也是在大直被槍殺．淡水中學的校長、副校長、教務主任、體育老師等多人，也都被載到大直槍斃．花蓮出身的國大代表張七郎，他的台北住宅遭受襲擊，全家遇害．蔣渭川被便衣收押時，利用機會從後門逃走，可是，他女兒卻當場被射殺身亡。此外，遭受毒手的人數，難以估計．在三月十三日這一天被逮捕的人當中，大概只有我倖免於死吧．」
　
所以這個「重用」到底怎麼個重用法？這些當官、不當官的，是如何死的？怎麼會用「國民黨重用台人」、「陳建仁父親當過官派首長」一筆畫帶過去？
　
被迫害過的人當不了官？當官的一定不會被迫害？這又是一個簡單邏輯，光講文中的蔣渭川，國民政府派武裝警察攻擊宅邸，謂「我們奉命要來槍斃你」其女蔣巧雲當場慘死，兒子松平則重傷，此後一年蔣渭川逃逸，直到丘念臺向政府作保，蔣渭川方才出來．
　
蔣渭川在吳國楨擔任台灣省政府主席後，被聘為民政廳長，甚至當到內政部次長，吳國楨，外省人，以公開大膽地與蔣經國激烈爭執而著稱，他是親美派，蔣介石任命吳國楨，「以利用吳國楨『民主先生』的形象，全力爭取美援」，吳國楨擔任臺灣省主席期間，致力於推動台灣地方自治、農業改革，允許某些地方官員職位由普選產生，可以看出二二八屠殺後，外省統治集團內有其他派別對台灣人有不一樣的態度，事實上，屠殺完後，蔣隨即派白崇禧來台「宣慰」，然後嘉獎屠夫彭孟緝，這也是獨裁者的雙面手法，也意味著他們害怕台人再次反抗，一群外省集團要以單純的鎮壓來治理台灣，或者在政治上完全隔離台灣人，那是不可行的，因為這是台灣人的島，島上都是台灣人，而且還要看外國的臉色，必然要有其他分化、懷柔的手段，而這些手段不會是擦拭血跡的白布－全世界都知道，二二八屠殺是不義恐怖統治，就連統治者自己也知道，他們心裡有鬼，他們畏罪，害怕暴行被揭穿，公諸於世．
　
吳國楨作為實質建設台灣的人物之一，不久就被控以貪汙批鬥下台，吳公開批評政府「一黨統治」，指出臺灣當時政治的六大問題：一黨專政、軍隊政戰部門、特務問題、人權問題、言論自由與思想控制．吳在美國雜誌用英文發表《在台灣你們的錢被用來建立一個警察國家》的文章，「在台灣每年的預算中，美國人提供了３０-４０億美元，用來創造一個極權國家」、「國民黨之經費，非由黨員之捐助，乃係政府，即國民之負擔，這種國庫通黨庫做法，除共產集權國家外，實為今古所無．」
　
曾有作家劉宜良欲寫「吳國楨傳」，卻被蔣經國下令國防部情報局局汪希苓指派台灣黑道刺殺，此即著名的「江南案」．
　
所以我們可以知道，這個壟斷所有權位的外省統治集團，為了確保自己的獨裁統治，連外省人也不放過，至今仍有人把被他們驅逐出去的人所做的事，當作獨裁統治的建樹，說什麼「二戰以後戮力建設台灣，免於中共統治的功勞」二二八是「威權時代國民政府為反共、護國、保台所造成的過失」，這種諂媚威權統治的言語，企圖將暴行除罪化，堪稱知識分子的恥辱．
　
事實上，沒有這個外來殖民政權，台灣也有本事能獨立建國，台灣本身經日治時代的洗禮，早有超越中國本土的進步和現代化，以及自己治理自己的台籍菁英，掌握經濟的仕紳階級，是蔣介石敗逃到台灣，壟斷所有權位的外省統治集團使一切都變了調．
　
當時美國亦可以扶植其他本土勢力，或者是讓較為開明的如吳國楨之流掌權，這都能避免蔣介石一干外省統治集團荼毒台灣的現況，而他們留下的迷思，依然在統治某些人的腦袋，企圖搬弄是非．
　
到底是台灣確保了外省族群以及外省統治集團的生存，還是他們在「反共、護國、保台」？是台灣保護他們還是他們保護台灣？平心而論，你突然闖入別人花園將草木踐踏殆盡，這會是「保護」嗎？將國共爭端帶到台灣，用反共之名屠殺台灣人，樹立權威，這叫「反共」還是「毀台」呢？
　
然後「護國」是護哪個國？鬥爭的是哪些「國民」？哪些人被劃定於該國之外慘遭殺害？
　
「陳建仁竟然附和台大獨派教師陳翠蓮的 『中國高官，逼台灣民』的主張」
　
如今看來，實在可笑，中國人反台獨，滯台中國人亦反台獨，從１９４５年至今，當真沒學到一點東西，一點教訓，一點懺悔，自外於台灣之外？
　
我只看到，當初姚虎臣囂張跋扈的嘴臉，到現在還浮現在進步的台灣社會．
　
壟斷所有權位的外省統治集團，把反抗的人殺光了，留下了「順民」，強迫他們服從自己，為其所用，否則便死，現在，「順民」的後代不願服從了，開始述說真相，就開始批鬥他，說他的祖輩也拿了黨國的好處，怎麼能不服從，說黨國的壞話？
　
好像當過奴隸，就必須當一輩子－連連子子孫孫都必須當下去，世世代代陪他們一起說謊．
　
一旦提及事實，就說他在操弄族群對立．
　
「日本人投降撤出台灣後，滿懷期望的臺灣人原本認為應該有更多自治與參政的機會，但是在台灣政治方面，行政長官陳儀本人不僅集行政、立法、司法三權於一身，還身兼軍事大權，權力之大較過去的日本總督有過之無不及，而政府的中高級職位幾乎由外省人壟斷．行政長官陳儀以下九個處的十八位正副處長之中，只有一位副處長是自大陸返台的臺籍人士（即宋斐如，歿於二二八事件）十七位縣市長中，僅有四位臺籍人士，且均為自重慶返台的「半山仔」，並不受台灣人歡迎．根據１９４６年１１月由長官公署發表的統計，簡任及簡任待遇級官員，臺籍僅占０.８２％；薦任及薦任待遇級官員，臺籍僅占６.６３％，而且在極少數的薦任、簡任級臺籍人士當中，大陸返臺的半山就占據裡面的７０％．」
　
最後我們要問的是，到底誰在操弄省籍對立？
　
恐怕不是陳建仁，而這些１９４７年至今，仍然揮之不去的威權遺緒，只要有人提及２２８，他們便跳針２２８是人們取之不竭的提款機．
　
至於他們是什麼？恐怕是獨裁者的殺人硬幣．
　
獨裁者每殺一個人，就投一枚硬幣，這些硬幣會大聲歌頌獨裁者的美好，並強調他們殺人如何合理，台灣人如何不知感恩，嚷嚷著扭曲真相去扭曲真相．
　
就像硬幣上那一抹微笑一樣，他們凝視著那一毫釐的慈悲，而歡愉．
　
他們在萬人塚裡尋找一枚完整的指節骨，盛讚獨裁者的溫柔，在那些堆疊的屍首的後代裡，尋找數不盡的邪惡，用以憎恨，ｂｒｏｔｈｅｒ．
　
　
【贊助神父的菸　阻止族群對立】
https://g6m3kimo.blogspot.com/p/blog-page.html