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Do rats carry diseases? Rats deserve their reputations as filthy pests, as they are known to carry a number of serious disease-causing pathogens, including hantavirus, leptospirosis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, yersinia pestis (plague), and Streptobacillus moniliformis, which causes rat-bite fever. There are few known cases, if any, of rats carrying rabies, however. Will rats leave on their own? If the compost conditions that are favorable to rats—shelter and food—are eliminated, the rodents will soon move on to other locations where conditions are more to their liking. Unlike other pests, rats move around readily and will not linger when shelter and food are not available.