#留言得免費寫作批改 #30秒寫作練習
【英文寫作不能不會的用法: "not necessarily" (不見得、不一定)】

區分成熟寫作者 (mature writers) 和一般寫作者一個很大的關鍵就在，除了文法、結構、用詞外，mature writers 更會掌握語調、風格、和層次。

今天要介紹的 not necessarily 就是掌握語調和層次很好用的一種比達方式。我們先來比較下面兩句話，都嘗試想要說「擁有更多的資源，不代表成功的機會就比較大」：

1️⃣ Having more resources does not mean having greater chances of success.

2️⃣ Having more resources does not necessarily mean having greater chances of success.

第一句話沒有使用 necessarily, 聽起來很武斷 (arbitrary)，基本上只要找到一個真的因為有比較多資源，所以成功的反例 (counter-evidence)，就可以挑戰該句的理論正確性了 (validity)。

第二個句子，就「客氣」了一點，因為使用了 does not necessarily mean (不一定代表就...)，不把話說死，但也沒有影響到論點的強度。

大家可以試試在下面的留言區，不要害羞地將這句話翻譯成英文，試狀況而定，只要留言我可能就會提供給你一對一的 feedback 喔！)

⚑ 翻譯 task:
「雖然有恆毅力不代表一定會成功，但它必然會增加成功的機會。」(從 Although...開始，)

_________________________________________________

恆毅力 grit (n.) gritty (a.)

#留言得免費寫作批改 #30秒寫作練習
【英文寫作不能不會的用法: "not necessarily" (不見得、不一定)】

區分成熟寫作者 (mature writers) 和一般寫作者一個很大的關鍵就在，除了文法、結構、用詞外，mature writers 更會掌握語調、風格、和層次。

今天要介紹的 not necessarily 就是掌握語調和層次很好用的一種比達方式。我們先來比較下面兩句話，都嘗試想要說「擁有更多的資源，不代表成功的機會就比較大」：

1️⃣ Having more resources does not mean having greater chances of success.

2️⃣ Having more resources does not necessarily mean having greater chances of success.

第一句話沒有使用 necessarily, 聽起來很武斷 (arbitrary)，基本上只要找到一個真的因為有比較多資源，所以成功的反例 (counter-evidence)，就可以挑戰該句的理論正確性了 (validity)。

第二個句子，就「客氣」了一點，因為使用了 does not necessarily mean (不一定代表就...)，不把話說死，但也沒有影響到論點的強度。

大家可以試試在下面的留言區，不要害羞地將這句話翻譯成英文，試狀況而定，只要留言我可能就會提供給你一對一的 feedback 喔！)

⚑ 翻譯 task:
「雖然有恆毅力不代表一定會成功，但它必然會增加成功的機會。」(從 Although...開始，)

_________________________________________________

恆毅力 grit (n.) gritty (a.)

<英文寫作必用！「說明、闡述」與「反對」動詞組(附英英解釋及同義字)>
喬今天要分享的是跟英文作文非常相關的動詞字組，「說明」與「反對」動詞組合在英文寫作時表達一個人的意見是必要的。所以喬今天除了分享之外也把所有英英解釋及其相關同義字都打成電子檔筆記，希望對各位同學有幫助。

1. 說明
闡明 elucidate ; illuminate
詳細地說明 elaborate ; expound

* elucidate (V.)
to make (something) clear; explain
同義字- illuminate, clarify, unravel, interpret, explicate, gloss

* illuminate (V.)
to help to clarify or explain (a subject or matter)
同義字- clarify, elucidate, reveal, demystify, exemplify, illustrate

* elaborate (V.)
to develop or present (a theory, policy, or system) in detail
同義字- embellish, embroider, amplify

* expound (V.)
to explain the meaning of
同義字- interpret, explicate, elucidate

2. 反對
反對 object ; oppose
反駁 argue against ; counter/ contradict
駁斥 refute ; repudiate
否決 deny ; veto
質疑 question ; cast doubt on
抨擊 bombard ; vigorously/ vehemently attack
藐視 belittle ; scorn ; defy

*object (V.)
to say something to express one’s disapproval of or disagreement with something
同義字- oppose, condemn

*oppose (V.)
to actively resist or refuse to comply with (a person or a system)
同義字- resist, challenge, dispute, [FORMAL正式用法] gainsay

*refute (v.)
to deny or contradict (a statement or accusation)
同義字- disprove, debunk, discredit, invalidate, confute

*repudiate (V.)
[1] to refuse to accept or be associated with
同義字- renounce, abandon, disown, [FORMAL正式用法] forswear, abjure, [Literary文學用法] forsake

[2] to deny the truth or validity of
同義字- deny, contradict, controvert, rebut, dispute, dismiss, [FORMAL 正式用法] gainsay

[3] (法律) to refuse to fulfill or discharge (an agreement, obligation, or debt)
同義字- revoke, rescind, reverse, overrule, overturn, invalidate, nullify, disregard, flout, disaffirm, [FORMAL正式用法] abrogate

*deny (V.)
[1] to state that one refused to admit the truth or existence of
同義字- contradict, controvert, repudiate, challenge, counter, contest, oppose, rebut, [FORMAL正式用法] gainsay

[2] to refuse to give or grant (something requested or desired) to (someone)
同義字- rebuff, repulse, decline, veto, dismiss

*veto (V.)
to exercise a veto against (a decision or proposal made by a law-making body)
同義字- dismiss, prohibit, forbid, interdict, proscribe, disallow, embargo, ban

*question (V.)
to feel or express doubt about; raise objections to
同義字- query, challenge, dispute, doubt

*bombard (V.)
to assail (someone) persistently, as with questions, criticisms, or information
同義字- inundate, swamp, flood, deluge, besiege, overwhelm

*belittle (V.)
to make (someone or something) seem unimportant
同義字- disparage, denigrate, deprecate, depreciate, downgrade, trivialize, minimize, pooh-pooh

*scorn (V.)
to feel or express contempt(鄙視) or derision for
同義字- deride, disdain, mock, disparage, slight, dismiss

*defy (V.)
to openly resist to refuse to obey
同義字- disobey, flout, disregard, ignore, break, violate, contravene, breach, infringe