quiet 安靜的、寧靜的、沉默的 (a.)​
E.g. The sea was quiet before the storm struck.​
暴風雨來襲前海面非常寧靜。​
​
calm / serene / peaceful / tranquil / untroubled 寧靜的、安寧的 (a.)​
E.g. Andy lived a tranquil life in the countryside with his family.​
Andy和家人在鄉下過著寧靜的生活。​
​
​
still / silent / hushed / soundless 沈默的、無聲的 (a.)​
E.g. Tim remained silent, forcing Ray to continue.​
Tim保持沈默，逼著Ray繼續下去。​
​
​
talkative / loquacious / garrulous / gabby / voluble 健談的、多話的​
E.g. Some people say girls are more talkative than boys, do you agree?​
有些人說女孩比男孩多話，你們同意嗎？​
​
​
boisterous / cacophonous / clamorous / noisy / rowdy喧鬧的、吵雜的 (adj.)​
E.g. Ella hates rowdy environments, so she has never been to a nightclub.​
Ella 痛恨吵雜的環境，所以他從未去過夜店。​
​
​
✨同場加映 ✨​
remain / stay / keep silent 保持沈默、緘默​
fall / become silent (瞬間)安靜下來​
E.g. The crowd fell silent, when the President appeared.​
總統出現時，人群安靜下來。

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【 十小時快速搞定學測指考英文作文高分攻略 】
大學聯考英文作文滿分20分，歷年來作文的平均分數約為8-10分。英文作文對於許多同學來說是場惡夢，因為沒有老師的提點，再怎麼練習進步的幅度仍然十分有限。因此，我在今年10月底推出這門為大學聯考設計的一套作文課程，希望能幫助到在寫作進步有限的同學快速累積實力的課程。

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《屠殺》作者葛特曼記者會口譯問題整理版本之建議修正

在PTT與各媒體一片混亂的英文聽寫稿和翻譯版本之中，「Translation Matters譯」版主的費心整理很有用。很快過目後，以下對他提供的聽寫稿和翻譯版本進一步指出幾個誤點：

(來源：https://www.facebook.com/TranslationMattersYi/photos/a.695830037234537/1089544087863128/?type=3&theater)

（一）

✅The first way of value, he was a conduit, potential conduit to Taiwanese patients. Foreign organ tourists who will pay more for organs than the Chinese person will.

->改：The first way he was valuable was that he was a conduit, potential conduit to Taiwanese patients, foreign organ tourists who will pay more for organs than the Chinese person will.

說明：台灣病人Taiwanese patients就是他口中的更出得了錢的器官遊客foreign organ tourists，兩者是同位語，中間要用逗點分開，不能斷成兩句，否則關係連接詞who就不合文法。所以翻譯也要跟著改正，不管怎麼說，必須點出同位語的關係：

D)第一種價值是，柯文哲是個管道、有潛力可以引導台灣的病人。外國器官遊客花錢比中國人更大手筆。

->改：第一種價值是，柯文哲是個管道、有潛力可以引導台灣的病人——（也就是）花錢比中國人更大手筆的外來的器官遊客——去中國。

（二）

✅The second way that he was important to them was that He was selling Medtronic ECMO products which are some of the best in the world. They're from America. Very very good company in Minnesota.

->改：The second way that he was important to them was that he was selling Medtronic ECMO products, which are some of the best in the world. They're from America. Very, very good company in Minnesota.

說明：Which前需要加逗點。這是一個補充作用的關係子句，不是限定作用的。

D) 第二種價值是，柯醫師會賣美敦力葉克膜器材，這是世界級機器、美國製造，公司很不錯、在明尼蘇達州。

->改：柯醫師那時推銷（著/了）美敦力葉克膜器材

說明：那個「會」字怪怪的。Gutmann所認定的過去事實陳述，不應加一個表達不確定的情態助動詞。

（三）

✅The third way was that he was teaching them ECMO techniques, and this is the worst because it created, whether you meant to or not. It was creating perverse incentive to kill Falungong, wingers, Tibetans, housed Christians.

-> 改：The third way was that he was teaching them ECMO techniques, and this is the worst because it created, whether he meant to or not, he was creating a perverse incentive to kill Falun Gong, Uyghurs, Tibetans, house Christians.

D) 第三種價值是，柯醫師教授葉克膜的技術。這個情況最糟糕，因為不管是有意或無心，這造成了一種不正當的鼓勵。也就是葉克膜技術被利用來殺害法輪功、異議人士、藏人、被關的天主教信徒。

->改：第三種價值是，柯醫師教授葉克膜的技術，這一點最糟糕，因為他有意無意地促成一種「反誘因」（適得其反的效果），導致葉克膜技術被利用來殺害法輪功、維吾爾人、藏人、地下教會的基督宗教信徒。[1]

說明：perverse incentive是個經濟學術語，維基百科有。這兩個字因此不好分開翻譯為「不正當/反常的誘因」，直接可用現成的中譯詞彙「反誘因」，或者，爲達更有效的溝通翻譯目的，逕行釋譯為「適得其反的效果」。winger應是Uyghurs這字的誤聽（引用處現已改正），意思也不是異議人士。

後記：感謝幾位網友提供「house Christians」線索。

[1] 以「基督宗教信徒」譯Christians是參考多方後的折衷，囊括基督徒（新教）和天主教徒。經查，原記者會影片(1小時40分鐘長度)中，口譯員使用的事先譯好的詞彙是「地下教會基督徒」(約38:45處)，這個譯法夠好了。

轉貼喬之前整理的「因為」用法

--

✔ 喬的著作《我的第一本英文文法 國際學村出版》購買連結
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<超重要!”因為”的用法整理!>
喬今天要分享的是非常重要的「因為」用法，要表達前因後果必然用到，那麼就請同學一起將這一同性質單字區記熟吧!

【以下都是連接詞，接子句。】

since 因為 [because]
例: Since you are already here, you might as well stay.
因為你已經在這了，你可能也會停留在這。

in that (正式用法) 因為; 由於
例: The research is important in that it confirms the link between aggression and alcohol.
這項研究非常重要，因為它證實了攻擊行為和酗酒之間的關聯。

as 因為 [since; because]
例: As you are leaving last, please turn out the lights.
因為你會最後離開，請關燈。

seeing (that) 因為; 既然
例: Seeing you are already here, just take whatever you want!
既然你在這了，拿走任何你想要的東西吧!

now (that) 既然; 由於
例: Now that she's got more responsibility, she's enjoying the job.
因為承擔了更多的職責，所以她很喜歡這份工作。

as long as 只要; 因為; 如果
[1] = provided (that ) 如果; 只要
As long as you can come by six, I'll be there.
[2] = since; seeing that
As long as long you're going to the grocery anyway, buy me a pint of ice cream.
[3] = so long as: during the time that; through the period that
As long as we were neighbors, they never invited us indie their house.

【以下後面都接主詞(動名詞Ving或名詞)】

for the sake of 為了幫助某人; 因為幫助(某人)
[in order to help or bring advantage to someone]
例: Please do it, for David's sake.
因為要幫助大衛，請做這件事。
例: Their parents only stayed together for the sake of the children.
他們的父母只是因為孩子才住在一起。

in view of 因為; 考慮到
[because of a particular thing or considering a particular fact]
例: In view of what you've said, I think we should reconsider our proposed course of action.
考慮到你剛才所說的，我認為我們應該重新考慮擬定的行動計劃。

in/on behalf of [as a representative of or a proxy for; in the interest or aid of (someone)]
例：He interceded in my behalf.
他因為要幫我而求情。

for 因為 [because of]
例: David's mother burst into tears for his addiction to alcohol.
大衛的媽媽崩潰大哭因為他對於酒物的成癮。

because of 因為

on account of [FORMAL] 由於; 因為
例: He doesn't drink alcohol on account of his health.
由於健康原因，他不喝酒。

owing to 因為; 由於
例: The concert has be canceled owing to lack of support.
由於缺乏資助，音樂會被取消了。

as a result of 因為; 由於
[because of something]
例: Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales.
由於最近銷售量滑坡，利潤下降了。

as a consequence of 由於; 因為
(即為把result代換為consequence)

by dint of [正式用法] 由於; 憑藉
[as a result of something]
例: She got what she wanted by dint of pleading and threatening.
她軟硬兼施終於達到了目的。

due to 由於; 因為 [because of]
例: A lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom.
她的不開心主要是因為無聊。

thanks to 由於; 因為
例: Thanks to his aid, I made it to achieve the goal.
因為他的幫忙，我達成了目標。

by virtue of (正式用法) 因為; 由於; 憑藉
例: She succeeded by virtue of her tenacity rather than her talent.
她成功靠的是堅韌不拔，而不是天賦。

in the wake of 作為...的後果; 隨...之後而來 (有因果的關係)
例: Airport security was extra tight in the wake of yesterday's bomb attacks.
昨天的炸彈襲擊發生之後，機場安檢變得格外嚴格。

(以上字典取自- dictionary.cambridge.org | google.com | dictionary.com )

--

✔ 喬的著作《我的第一本英文文法 國際學村出版》購買連結
博客來: https://bit.ly/38nOl5H

【喬的部落格網誌聊英文談職場/商務英文】
☛ Blogger: http://ohjoseph86.blogspot.com/

【快追蹤IG關注第一手更新與喬生活】
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