【喬的回顧系列：促使/促進 & 阻止/限制】
喬今天要與各位同學回顧的這篇很重要。請同學一起來複習這篇，以便於明確表達兩個人事物的利益關係！

<超重要動詞！【促使/促進 & 阻止/限制】>
喬今天要分享的兩類動詞超級重要啊！要訴說一件事情的發展，有利因子以及不利因子，這些動詞都無疑重要！各位同學來熟悉今天的分享吧！

【促使/促進類動詞】
☛ facilitate (V.) 促使；促進；使便利
[to make possible or easier]
e.g. The new ramp will facilitate the entry of wheelchairs.
新的坡道將可方便輪椅進入
e.g. The current structure does not facilitate efficient work flow.
當前的體系不利於實施高效的工作流程

【補充】喬國中時常將此字與facilities 設施/設備(永恆複數)搞混(…掩面)
shopping facilities 購物設施
medical facilities 醫療設施
sports facilities 體育設施

☛ expedite (V.) 迅速完成; 促進; 加快
[to cause to be done more quickly; to hurry]
e.g. Something needs to be done to expedite the process.
需要採取措施以加快速度

☛ accelerate (V.) (使)加快; (使)增速; 促進; 提前; (促使)早日發生
[to happen or make something happen sooner or faster]
e.g. Inflation is like to accelerate this year, adding further upward pressure on interest rates.
今年通貨膨脹可能會加劇，迫使利率持續上升
e.g. They use special chemicals to accelerate the growth of crops.
他們使用特殊的化學品來刺激農作物生長

☛ advance (V.) (使)前進; 使進步; 使進展; 使發展; 促進
[to go or move something forward, or to develop or improve something]
e.g. Her study has considerably advanced the cause of equal rights.
她的研究極大地促進了權利平等運動的事業
e.g. He’s just trying to advance his own career.
他只是在努力發展自己的事業

【阻止/限制類動詞】
☛ restrict (V.) 限制; 限定; 妨礙
[to limit the movements or actions of someone, or to limit something and reduce its size or prevent it from increasing]
e.g. measures to restrict the sale of alcohol
限制酒類銷售的措施
e.g. The government has restricted freedom of movement into and out of the country.
政府已經限制出入境自由了

☛ restrain (V.) 阻止; 制止; 遏制
[to control the actions or behavior of someone by force, especially in order to stop them from doing something, or to limit the growth or force of something]
e.g. When he started fighting, it took four police officers to restrain him.
他要是出手打人，要四個員警才能把他制服

☛ constrain (V.) 限制; 約束; 束縛
[to control and limit something]
e.g. The country’s progress was constrained by a leader who refused to look forward.
國家領導人缺乏發展眼光限制了該國的進步

☛ inhibit (V.) 抑制; 約束
[to prevent someone from doing something, or to slow down a process or the growth of something]
e.g. Some workers were inhibited (from speaking) by the presence of their managers.
一些工人在他們的經理面前不敢講話

☛ curb (V.) 控制; 限制; 約束; 抑制
[to control or limit something that is not wanted]
e.g. The government should act to curb tax evasion.
政府應該採取行動抑制逃稅

☛ obstruct (V.) 阻礙; 妨礙; 阻止
[to try to stop something from happening or developing]
e.g. He got five years in prison for withholding evidence and obstructing the course of justice.
他因隱藏證據，妨礙司法而被判入獄五年

☛ stymie (V.) 妨礙; 阻止; 阻撓
[to prevent something from happening or someone from achieving a purpose]
e.g. In our search for evidence, we were stymied by the absence of any recent documents.
缺乏近期的檔案為我們造成障礙

☛ hinder (V.) 阻礙; 妨礙
[to limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit the development of something]
e.g. High winds have hindered firefighters in their efforts to put out the blaze.
強風妨礙了消防隊員撲滅大火
e.g. Her progress certainly has not been hindered by her lack of experience.
經驗不足當然沒有妨礙她的進步

☛ impede (V.) 妨礙; 阻礙; 阻止
[to slow down or cause problems for the achievement or finishing of something]
e.g. Although he is shy, it certainly has not impeded his career in any way.
儘管他很害羞，但這顯然一點也沒有妨礙他的事業

(以上字典參考 dictionary.cambridge.org | google.com )

[托福和雅思單字表+mp3] Business and Commerce

Audio file: https://www.dropbox.com/s/o6p57ufhkkpr66l/business%20and%20commerce.mp3

Desktop file: http://vocaroo.com/i/s1lrfdY58oh1

Use the audio file to improve your pronunciation of these words. The file can also be used as a simple listening and spelling test!

老師雖然每次在提供單字表時都會附上中文解釋(課堂上補充搭配的片語)，但這只是方便學生更快知道這個單字最通用的意思，不代表是它最完整的涵義及用法。除此之外，有心的同學應該進一步使用其它工具查詢，最好是單字，配詞與句子一起背 (死背一個單字是無用的)，再透過經常使用單字的方式，加強自己對單字的認知和應用。當然，你也可以利用老師或字典提供的單字音檔，進而增加自己對單字的辨識能力和發音!

學習單字的方式:
英文單字學習 I: https://www.dropbox.com/s/tq2ym9m3ihsbuy6/vocabI.pdf
英文單字學習 II: https://www.dropbox.com/s/eu51xclk7qxb211/vocabII.pdf

Free Online Dictionaries 免費線上字典和辭典: http://tinyurl.com/kzctz56

account (n.) 帳目；帳單；帳戶
accountable (adj.) 負責的
accountant (n.) 會計師
acquire (v.) 獲得
administrative (adj.) 行政的
advertising (n.) (總稱）廣告
agenda (n.) 議程
agreement (n.) 同意；協定
alternative (adj.) 可供選擇的事物、方式
announce (v.) 宣佈；宣告；公諸於眾
approach (n.) 方法
approval (n.) 贊成；同意
assess (v.) 評估（財產價值）；評定
asset (n.) 有用的東西；優點；長處
assign (v.) 分配
attorney (n.) 律師
audit (n./v.) 審計
balance sheet (n.) 資產負債表
balance (n.) 餘額；差額
bankrupt (a.) 破產的；倒閉的
bankruptcy (n.) 破產
benchmark (n.) 基準；水準點；標準
bid (v.) 出價；投標；喊價
board (n.) 理事會；委員會；董事會
bond (n.) 債券
brainstorm (v.) 腦力激蕩，集思廣益
break a contract (v. phr.) 違約
breakthrough (n.) 突破；重大進展
bureaucracy (n.) 官撩主義
buyout/buy out (n./v.)買進全部產權；收購全部
capital (n.) 資本; 資金
carry out (v.) 執行；貫徹；
commerce (n.) 貿易
commercial (adj.) 商業化；商用的
commodity (n.) 商品；農產品
competitor (n.) 競爭者；對手
compromise (v) 妥協; 折衷；和解
concede (v.) 容忍；容許；讓步
conclusive (a.) 決定性的；勿庸置疑的
conference (n.) 會議；協商；討論會
conglomerate (n.) 企業集團
consensus (n.) 一致的意見；共識
consolidate (v.) 結合；合併；強化
consumer (n.) 消費者；顧客
contract (n.) 契約；合同
contractor (n.) 立契約人；承包商
contribute (v.) 貢獻
convention (n.) 慣例；常規；大會
converse (v.) 談話；交談
convince (v.) 使信服
corporate (adj.) 企業的; 團體的
corporation (n.) 公司
cost-effective (a.) 符合成本效益的
credibility (n.) 信譽
credible (adj.) 可信的；可靠的
credit (n.) 信用;信譽；功勞
criterion (n. / pl. = criteria) 規範；標準
currency (n.) 貨幣；流通；通用
cut down (v. phr.) 削減；縮短
dealer (n.) 商人；業者
debit card (n.) 存款戶持有的借方卡
debt (n.) 債；債務
decision making (phr.) 決策
decline (n.) 衰落；衰退 (v.) 下降
deductible (n./adj.) adj.=可抵扣/n.= (保險)扣除條款
deduction (n.) 扣除；扣除額
default (n.) 不履行, 違約, 拖欠
deficit (n.) 赤字；虧損額
demand (v.) 要求 (n.) 需求
demonstration (n.) 示範；實證
deposit (n.) 付押金；付保證金
devaluation (n.) 貶值
diplomacy (n.) 外交手腕；交際手段
discrepancy (n.) 差異；不同；不一致
dispute (n.) 爭端；爭執；糾紛；
dissuade (v.) 勸阻
due (a.) 應付的；到期的；該發生的
earnings (n.) 薪水；工資；收益
embezzle (v.) 盜用；挪用；侵佔（公款等）
employee (n.) 僱員
employer (n.) 雇主
endorse (v.) 背書；支持；贊同
enterprise (n.) 企業
entrepreneur (n.) 企業家；主辦人
estimate (v.) 估計；估價
evaluation (n.) 評價
exempt from (v. phr.) 被免除的；豁免的
expand (v.) 擴張；擴大
expenditure (n.) 消費；開銷
expense (n.) 消耗；消費
export (v.) 輸出；出口
finance (n.) 財政學；財政; 財源
firm (n.) 公司；商行
fiscal (a.) 財政的；會計的
fluctuation (n.) 波動；起伏；漲落
advertising (n.) （總稱）廣告
franchise (n.) 〔經營某公司商品或服務的〕特許經營權
forward (v.) 送到，轉號
franchise (n.) 經銷權；加盟權
free ride (n.) 搭便車
fund (n.) 基金；專款
gross (adj.) 總共的；全部的
haggle (v.) 討價還價
hedge fund (n.) 對沖基金（也稱避險基金或套利基金）
headquarter (n.) 總公司；總部；司令部
holding (n.) 土地；財產（常用複數）
import (v.) 輸入；進口
in exchange for (phr.) 換取
influential (adj.) 有影響
integrate (v.) 統合；整合
internship (n.) 實習
inventory (n.) 詳細目錄；清單；存貨
invoice (n.) 發票; 發貨清單
joint venture (n.) 合資投機活動; 企業
launch (v.) 開辦；展開；發起；開始
lease (v./n.) 租約, 租契, 租賃
long-range (a.) 長期的；遠程的
marketing (n.) 市場營銷
merge (v.) 合併；併吞
monopoly (n.) 壟斷；獨佔；專賣
negotiate (v.) 談判
obligation (n.) 義務
on behalf of (phr.) 代表
order (v.) 匯單;訂貨；訂單；匯票
organization (n.) 組織
outsourcing (n.) 外包
overdue (a.) 過期未付的
patent (n.) 專利 (v. =取得…的專利)
payment (n.) 支付；付款
pending (adj.) 未決定的；待決定的；
pension (n.) 養老金
persuade (v.) 說服；勸服
petition (n. / v.= petition for) 請願
phase (n.) 階段
postpone (v.) 延遲；延期
preliminary (a.) 初步的，開始的
premise (n.) 前提
procedure (n.) 程序
profit (n.) 利潤；收益；營利
propose (v.) 提議；建議
proposition (n.) 提案；建議；計畫
prospect (n.) 展望；期望
prospectus (n.) 計畫書；說明書
prosperity (n.) 繁榮；成功；興隆
purchase (v./n.) 購買
quota (n.) 定量；定額；配額
quote (v.) 報價
R&D (n.) 研發
reach consensus(phr.) 達成共識
real estate (n.) 房地產
receipt (n.) 收據
reconcile (v.) 調和；調解
remuneration (n.) 報酬；酬勞
rent (n.) 租金，租費 (v. ) 租用
retail (n.) 零售; (adj.) 零售的
return (v./n.) 回報
revenue (n.) 收益；歲入；稅收
rewarding (adj.) 獎勵的
rival (n.) 競爭者；對手；匹敵者
salary (n.) 薪資
scheme (n.) 設計；圖謀 (v.) 計畫
seminar (n.) 研討會；討論課；講習會
settlement (n.) 協議；支付
shareholder (n.) 股東
shipment (n.) 一批貨
skills and expertise (n.) 技能和專門知識
social security (n.) 社會保障
solution (n.) 解決方案
statement (n.) 聲明；陳述
stock (n.) 公債；證券；股票
stockbroker (n.) 證券和股票經紀人
strategy (n.) 戰略
subsidiary (n.) 子公司
supply (n.) 供應品；供應物；庫存
surplus (n.) 盈餘 (adj.) 過剩的量
tariff (n.) 關稅
tax (n.) 稅 (v.) 向……課稅
temp work (n.) 臨時工作
thrive (v.) 茂盛；興旺；繁榮
trade (n.) 貿易； 交易；商業 (v.) 交換；進行交易
trademark (n.) 注冊商標
undervalue (v.) 低估價值；看輕
voucher (n.) 保證人；憑證；折價券
warehouse (n.) 倉庫；貨價；大商店
withdraw (v.) 收回；取回；撤回；提款
yield (v.) 產生（效果，收益等）(n.) 產量；收穫量；收益

Related Words 相關詞彙:

Office 辦公室詞彙音檔: http://tinyurl.com/n584mo6
Business Idioms 1: http://tinyurl.com/lcjs5g7
Ancient Trade: http://tinyurl.com/m38ahxx

Complete List 完整托福和雅思單字表+mp3: http://tinyurl.com/lk3fglc

[詞彙Q&A] Q: percent，percentage ，rate ，ratio ，proportion 有什麼區別?

A: percent (%)百分之(某數字) 一般都是有數字在前面的時候用 (數字＋percent of sb or sth)

E.g. I only answered 20 percent of the questions correctly. You shouldn't have copied my answers.

E.g. 85% of Eric’s paycheck goes to his wife. The other 15% goes to the government. Both do nothing for Eric.
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percentage百分率
通常在 the／a small／a large...＋percentage of sb or sth 的時候用

1. Percentage被放在 the後時，用單數形動詞：
E.g. The percentage of uneducated people in this city is relatively small. Nearly everyone has a bachelor's degree or above.

當被放在 a後時，可用動詞單數或複數形式，這由後面所跟的名詞數量而定：

E.g. A large percentage of children in the school come from single-parent families.

E.g. A large percentage of the crop has spoiled.
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rate指的是比率，比值，率等，如tax rate稅率,crime rate犯罪率等。

E.g. The crime rate in this city is rapidly increasing. There are violent crimes happening almost every day.
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ratio指的是兩個量的比值，其實是強調相比、相除的關係，但是它的兩個量必須在上下文出現。比例 (必須有確切的數字)

E.g. The ratio of students to teachers is 35:1.
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proportion是指比例關係，可代替ratio使用，但是在相比的兩個量在上下文沒有出現是必須用proportion而不能用ratio。

E.g. Only a tiny proportion of the population is infected by the H7N9 virus.