[關於反芻動物全身麻醉的風險，反芻動物中，全身麻醉的弊大於利。] 有興趣的朋友可以多了解一下喔! (中文翻譯的部分為Google翻譯的，能夠閱讀英文的朋友建議看原文會比較清楚喔)
還有很多很多相關的學術發表，就不貼那麼多出來啦!

Cooper結紮的日期是4月26日，他現在很健康很調皮。

(德叔真的超級超級愛看這些學術發表的文章，但是我還是相信醫生的專業。)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334673867_The_Use_of_Epidural_Anaesthesia_over_General_Anaesthesia_in_Ruminants
全身麻醉是現代醫學的重要組成部分。它是一種藥物誘導的可逆病症，包括特定的行為和生理特徵，包括無意識、健忘症、鎮痛和運動不能——伴隨自主神經、心血管、呼吸和體溫調節系統的穩定性。
[反芻動物全身麻醉具有內在風險，如瘤胃內容物反流、唾液分泌過多和肺部誤吸的可能性；因此並不總是推薦使用本地或區域技術。硬膜外麻醉是一種中樞神經阻滯技術，經常用於獸醫實踐中，用於治療家畜會陰、骶骨、腰椎和尾椎部位的不同產科和外科手術干擾。關於在反芻動物和其他物種的各種外科和實驗室程序中使用硬膜外麻醉的科學研究已經有幾項。總之，全身麻醉的弊大於利，特別是在反芻動物中。因此，硬膜外麻醉是首選。

General anaesthesia is an essential component of modern medicine. It is a drug induced reversible condition that includes specific behavioral and physiological traits unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and akinesia- with concomitant stability of the autonomic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems.
[General anesthesia in ruminants has inherent risks such as regurgitation of ruminal contents, excessive salivation and the possibility of pulmonary aspiration; therefore it is not always recommended and local or regional techniques may be used instead. Epidural anaesthesia is a central neuraxial block technique which is used regularly in veterinary practice for treatment of different obstetrical and surgical interferences in the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and caudal parts of the thoracic region of domestic animals. There have been several scientific researches on the use of epidural anesthesia in ruminants and other species for various surgical and laboratory procedures. In conclusion, the disadvantages of general anaesthesia outweigh the advantages especially in ruminant specie. Therefore, epidural anaesthesia is the most preferred.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118886700.ch1
瘤胃鼓脹、腹脹、反流和吸入性肺炎是與家畜全身麻醉相關的常見問題，應通過適當的預防措施和必要的麻醉前考慮來預見和解決。家畜在麻醉期間可能會出現胃內容物反流和誤吸，尤其是未禁食的動物。反芻動物在麻醉期間通常會大量分泌唾液。惡性高熱的觸發因素包括壓力（例如興奮、運輸或麻醉前處理）、鹵化吸入麻醉劑（例如氟烷、異氟烷、七氟烷和地氟烷）和去極化神經肌肉阻滯藥物（例如琥珀膽鹼）。同樣，氟烷似乎是豬惡性高熱的最有效和最常見的觸發因素。麻醉前禁食可能不能完全防止反流，但會減少瘤胃內容物中的固體物質數量。獸醫應將這些知識與適當的麻醉前準備和適當的圍手術期管理相結合，以確保這些動物的麻醉成功。
Ruminal tympany, bloat, regurgitation, and aspiration pneumonia are common problems associated with general anesthesia in farm animal species that should be anticipated and addressed with proper precautions and the necessary preanesthetic considerations. Regurgitation and aspiration of stomach content can occur in farm animal species during anesthesia, especially in nonfasted animals. Ruminants normally salivate profusely during anesthesia. The triggering agents of malignant hyperthermia include stress (e.g., excitement, transportation, or preanesthetic handling), halogenated inhalation anesthetics (e.g., halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane), and depolarizing neuro-muscular blocking drugs (e.g., succinylcholine). Similarly, halothane appears to be the most potent and most frequently reported trigger of malignant hyperthermia in pigs. Preanesthetic fasting may not completely prevent regurgitation, but it will decrease the amount of solid matter in the rumen content. Veterinarians should incorporate the knowledge with proper preanesthetic preparations and appropriate perioperative management to ensure successful outcome of anesthesia in these animals.

去年的案子中我選了這幅參加美國ADC Award，雖然沒有得獎，但報名的時候滿心希望這幅台灣的作品和這個計畫能讓更多人看到。畫中其實有很多細節，有興趣的話下方是參賽時寫的作品描述（我還沒翻中文版）：

The illustration visualized an eco-political project that advocates for environmental protection, conservation and encourages people to search for their identity by walking into nature. The image not only depicts the project concepts, but also comprehensively shows 6 primary missions: The Green New Deal, Nature Protection, Carbon Valley, Rite of Passage, Soft Power, and Geopolitical Cornerstone. This enables the client to propose the project to the government, and promote ideas of environmental and political changes to the public.

Taiwan is an island divided by the Central Mountain Range. Located to the west of the range are the large cities inhabited by the majority of the population. In contrast, located to the east of the range are the natural sites and homes of the indigenous population for thousands of years. The 3 hikers depicted on the left are a metaphor for people searching for their identity. By walking through the Japanese Shrine, they cross over Taiwan’s complex history of colonization by many different countries. On the right side is an imaginary city called “Carbon Valley,” which is the idea of a sustainable energy research centre. The Formosan Sika deer is the endemic species in Taiwan but became extinct in 1969. In the illustration, it symbolizes and raises the awareness of nature conservation.

The commission was delivered in August 2020, however the project is still ongoing.

#illustration #illustrationartists #ecofriendly #ecology #greennewdeal #taiwan #nature #taiwanese #mountains #mountainrange #deer #indigenous #culture

#旅遊泡泡 #帛琉旅遊 #旅遊學英文 非常感謝粉絲朋友熱情的支持，我們的podcast 在熱門首頁喔😍😍😍
超級開心的，明天繼續帶給大家的節目內容是👇

🌸4/14（三）13：30-14：00
旅遊泡泡成泡沫｜跟著官心妮去帛琉水母湖冒險「官心妮的英語力Sydney Kuan」

趕快拿起你的手機下載Mixer box 關注「官品心劇情聊天室」❤️

明天內容文字稿參考如下，可以先收藏起來喔～晚點會補上單字補充，明天節目過後會有中文翻譯喔🙋‍♀️

🌸4/14 Let’s party in Jellyfish Lake!

Of all the marine lakes in Palau, Jellyfish Lake serves as the most extraordinary natural wonder which attracts tourists from all over the world to witness this spectacle every year. With a short walk through the hiking trail and snorkeling gears in hand , both adults and children can have the ultimate swimming experience with millions of golden jellyfish.

Jellyfish Lake used to be connected to the ocean through tunnels and fissures；However, it gradually become isolated from the open sea owing to tectonic plate movement. Being separated from the sea, the lack of natural predators makes the jellyfish evolve into non-venomous creatures.

As most species of jellyfish in the sea can inject lethal toxins into their prey by using tentacles with lots of stinging cells and jeopardize the life of swimmers, it's self-explanatory that jellyfish lake tour can gain such great popularity among travelers.

Compiled by Sydney Kuan

好想出國玩，前陣子好不容易開放的帛琉旅遊旅遊泡泡，立刻變成泡沫，無法真的出國的我們，就來聽聽海島達人官心妮的潛水遊記吧!讓你邊玩邊學英文~讓心妮告訴你更多帛琉探險的故事，這次帶大家線上冒險水母湖~兩天的live podcast 大成功，謝謝一起參與的粉絲朋友們!4/14節目英文內容的如下，可以搭配官式姊妹的音檔一起看喔~

✨4/14 Let’s party in Jellyfish Lake!
Of all the marine lakes in Palau, Jellyfish Lake serves as the most extraordinary natural wonder which attracts tourists from all over the world to witness this spectacle every year. With a short walk through the hiking trail and snorkeling gears in hand , both adults and children can have the ultimate swimming experience with millions of golden jellyfish.

Jellyfish Lake used to be connected to the ocean through tunnels and fissures；However, it gradually become isolated from the open sea owing to tectonic plate movement. Being separated from the sea, the lack of natural predators makes the jellyfish evolve into non-venomous creatures.

As most species of jellyfish in the sea can inject lethal toxins into their prey by using tentacles with lots of stinging cells and jeopardize the life of swimmers, it's self-explanatory that jellyfish lake tour can gain such great popularity among travelers.

Compiled by Sydney Kuan

✨中文翻譯及單字補充

歡迎到官品心Facebook查看更多
https://www.facebook.com/pinhsinkuan/​​​

如果你喜歡我們的節目，歡迎留下五星評價，並留言給我們鼓勵喔~
關於人生你有任何想說的想發洩的想分享的，
都歡迎來信讓我們為你解憂~clairelin219@gmail.com

🎇【官品心劇情聊天室 Podcast 收聽資訊】

Apple：https://apple.co/3aamd8T​​​
Mixer Box：https://www.mixerbox.com/podcast/1255979
SoundOn：https://sndn.link/pinhsinkuan​​​
Spotify：https://spoti.fi/3o39xFy​​​
MyMusic：https://pse.is/3ctaqp​
Google：https://pse.is/3bcgs5​
KKBOX：https://bit.ly/2YhTaL3​​​

🎇了解更多品心私下的生活

官品心IG https://www.instagram.com/pinhsinkuan
官品心 Facebook https://www.facebook.com/pinhsinkuan/​​​​
合作邀約：clairelin219@gmail.ocm

本集廣告與「NVIDIA」合作播出

4/12 - 4/16 #NVIDIA 年度 GPU 技術大會 #GTC21 即將盛大登場
✔️ 上千場跨國講座，免費線上隨選觀看
✔️ 線上朝聖 AI 界大神｜ 3 位圖靈獎得主 Geoffrey Hinton、Yann LeCun 和 Yoshua Bengio 的獨家演說！
✔️ 4/13 上午九點｜執行長黃仁勳的主題演講
✔️ 4/14 - 4/16 「DLI 深度學習實作坊」提升備戰力！學生、研究人員或團體報名另有優惠

💡 預約 Keynote 行事曆：https://nvda.ws/3dPlZYe
🧠 臉書活動資訊：https://nvda.ws/3d6QCpQ
✉️ 獲取 DLI 實作訓練相關優惠 GTC_Taiwan@nvidia.com

本集節目內容由志祺七七頻道製作，不代表「NVIDIA」立場。
--
✔︎ 成為七七會員（幫助我們繼續日更，並享有會員專屬福利）：http://bit.ly/shasha77_member
✔︎ 購買黃臭泥周邊商品： https://reurl.cc/Ezkbma 💛
✔︎ 訂閱志祺七七頻道： http://bit.ly/shasha77_subscribe
✔︎ 追蹤志祺IG ：https://www.instagram.com/shasha77.daily
✔︎ 來看志祺七七粉專 ：http://bit.ly/shasha77_fb
✔︎ 如果不便加入會員，也可從這裡贊助我們：https://bit.ly/support-shasha77
（請記得在贊助頁面留下您的email，以便我們寄送發票。若遇到金流問題，麻煩請聯繫：service@simpleinfo.cc）

＃外太空條約 ＃南極條約 ＃月球協定
各節重點：
00:00 開頭
01:09 【NVIDIA GTC Spring】一分鐘廣告
02:50 聯合國的《外太空條約》
04:09 解決南極紛爭的《南極條約》
05:57 《南極條約》的極限？
07:01 所有人共享資源的《月球協定》
08:19 官方不能佔為己有，那民間呢？
09:27 美國不玩了！
10:36 我們的觀點
12:13 問答
12:33 結尾


【 製作團隊 】

｜企劃：宇軒
｜腳本：宇軒
｜編輯：土龍
｜剪輯後製：鎮宇
｜剪輯助理：歆雅、珊珊
｜演出：志祺

——

【 本集參考資料 】

SpaceX 建立火星基地的相關報導
→Elon Musk says SpaceX is on track to launch people to Mars within 6 years — here's the full timeline of his plans to populate the red planet' - Insider：https://bit.ly/3rTlK1w
外太空條約相關討論
→50岁的《外层空间条约》名存实亡？ - 中国航天科技集团：https://bit.ly/3sSAAqs
→Extraterrestrial real estate：https://bit.ly/3wx6Cu3
→月球协定：https://bit.ly/3dHCXWN
南極條約 相關討論
→南極條約體系 - Wikipedia：https://bit.ly/31PiEky
→南極條約一甲子，老而彌堅還是行將就木？ - 鳴人堂：https://bit.ly/3cUi23o
月球土地和資源利用等相關討論
→無主之地的管轄權：在南極和太空犯罪要歸誰管？ - 法操：https://bit.ly/3uq3Ox3
→摘下星星送給你–國家或個人可以把星體當自己的嗎？ - 法操（這裡面有在月球上成立國家的案例）：https://bit.ly/3mmUGq6
→你真的能買下月球的土地嗎？ - 天下雜誌（裡面有提到Lunar Embassy Corp 的例子）：https://bit.ly/3dxjGXS
→月球土地先佔先贏？ - 科學人：https://bit.ly/3mjYLLW
→在月球上炒「地皮」 - 科學Online：https://bit.ly/2PDhhD1
→月球屬於誰？ - 泛科學：https://bit.ly/2RbJSzO
NASA 阿提密斯協定
→8國簽署Artemis Accords協議 訂定探索月球標準 - 科技政策研究與資訊中心：https://bit.ly/3rSnHvb
→NASA 發布新版月球探索公約《阿提米絲協議》，鼓勵資源開採 - 科技新報：https://bit.ly/3mmPYc0
→人類月球探索：誰將擁有月球資源的開採權？ - BBC 中文：https://bbc.in/2PUSQ3M

【 延伸閱讀 】

→富豪星際爭霸戰（上）：馬斯克、貝佐斯與他們的太空事業 - 鳴人堂：https://bit.ly/3cTbaU4
→富豪星際爭霸戰（下）：雲端、衛星與國防，誰能把握太空經濟先機？ - 鳴人堂：https://bit.ly/39OlFWy
→Making Humans a Multi-Planetary Species‘ - Elon Musk：https://bit.ly/3mo879n
→SpaceX's Mars Colony Plan: How Elon Musk Plans to Build a Million-Person Martian City：https://bit.ly/2PZAChw
→How SpaceX's Starship Will Help Establish a Mars Base ：https://bit.ly/39NYxaV
→Elon Musk on planning for Mars: ‘The city has to survive if the resupply ships stop coming from Earth’ - CNBC：https://cnb.cx/2PGUYw9
→公地悲劇—The tragedy of the commons：https://bit.ly/3fL7h5l



＼每週７天，每天７點，每次７分鐘，和我們一起了解更多有趣的生活議題吧！／

🥁七七仔們如果想寄東西關懷七七團隊與志祺，傳送門如下：
106台北市大安區羅斯福路二段111號8樓

🟢如有引用本頻道影片與相關品牌識別素材，請遵循此規範：http://bit.ly/shasha77_authorization
🟡如有業務需求，請洽：hi77@simpleinfo.cc
🔴如果影片內容有誤，歡迎來信勘誤：hey77@simpleinfo.cc

丸萬鮮魚行FB:
https://www.facebook.com/pg/maruone101/community/
*Location information*
GoogleMap : https://goo.gl/maps/3eJD1rShMLRbySoD7

Red sea bream is a name given to at least two species of fish of the family Sparidae, Pagrus major and Pagellus bogaraveo. Pagellus bogaraveo is also known as blackspot sea bream.
In Japan, Pagrus major is known as madai (真鯛, or "genuine tai") and is prized both for its flavor and for its traditional use as an auspicious food often served at New Year's and festive occasions such as weddings. In Korea, it is known as Ch'amdom (참돔). Pagrus major is also the most commonly eaten fish in Taiwan. This fish is grilled over charcoal or wood fire in Spain and known as "besugo". It can also be served with buckwheat groats. Also a closely related fish known as Pandora in the eastern Mediterranean.

嘉鱲;屬於鯛科魚類，大家都叫牠「真鯛」，這種魚的體表覆滿艷麗的銀紅色鱗片，其間還點綴著寶藍色斑點，是所有鯛科魚類中外型最艷麗也最討喜的魚兒..有著紅裳艷姬的美名。
台灣傳統上對於魚類美味排名：「一午、二鯧，三鮸、四嘉鱲」可見人們對它的好評。
中文名：嘉鱲魚
英文名：Red seabream
學名：Pagrus major
俗名：真鯛,正鯛、,加臘
嘉鱲魚體型為側扁的橢圓形，頭部比例較大，背部稍微隆起，野生魚體色呈淡紅色，而養殖的體色較黑。 生活的地區主要以砂泥底質海域及礁石區。食性為肉食性，以底棲生物為食。產卵期在4-6月，此時會遷移到較淺水域產卵。通常為群棲性，隨季節改變成群洄游，變換其棲所。台灣則分布於南部、西部、北部、東北部及澎湖海域。 基隆白燈每年冬天都有機會釣到。
嘉鱲魚是台灣的高級海鮮之ㄧ，也是海水箱網養殖的重要魚種。現在市場或是餐廳所見的嘉鱲，大多是人工養殖。食用方式以生魚片及燒烤的方式最常見，另外也可以用清蒸、醋椒及香煎等方式烹調。