雖然這篇sow項目鄉民發文沒有被收入到精華區:在sow項目這個話題中,我們另外找到其它相關的精選爆讚文章
在 sow項目產品中有5篇Facebook貼文,粉絲數超過7萬的網紅Eric's English Lounge,也在其Facebook貼文中提到, [時事英文] 各國如何面對新冠疫情? 讓我最有感觸的一句: "The rise of populism has exacerbated the problem by reducing the incentives of countries to cooperate. " 「民粹主義的興起減少了...
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[時事英文] 各國如何面對新冠疫情?
讓我最有感觸的一句:
"The rise of populism has exacerbated the problem by reducing the incentives of countries to cooperate. "
「民粹主義的興起減少了各國合作的意願,使問題更加嚴重。」
—NY Times
★★★★★★★★
In Frankfurt, the president of the European Central Bank warned that the coronavirus could trigger an economic crash as dire as that of 2008. In Berlin, the German chancellor warned the virus could infect two-thirds of her country’s population. In London, the British prime minister rolled out a nearly $40 billion rescue package to cushion his economy from the shock.
1. trigger an economic crash 引發經濟崩潰
2. dire 嚴重的;危急的
3. roll out 推出
4. rescue package 救助計劃
5. to cushion sth from… 對(某事物的影響或力量)起緩衝作用
在法蘭克福,歐洲央行行長警告說,冠狀病毒可能引發與2008年一樣嚴重的經濟崩潰。在柏林,德國總理警告說,病毒可能導致該國三分之二的人口感染。在倫敦,英國首相推出了將近400億美元的一系列救助計劃,以緩解經濟受到的衝擊。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
As the toll of those afflicted by the virus continued to soar and financial markets from Tokyo to New York continued to swoon, world leaders are finally starting to find their voices about the gravity of what is now officially a pandemic.
6. the toll of… 的傷亡;損失;破壞
7. the death toll 死亡人數
8. afflict 使痛苦;使苦惱;折磨
9. swoon 低迷*
10. find their voices about 願意開口談及
11. the gravity of …的嚴重性
隨著感染者的死亡人數持續飆升,從東京到紐約的金融市場持續低迷,世界各國領導人終於開始談及這場已正式定性為大流行病的疫情的嚴重性。
*http://bit.ly/3b7PZK8
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Yet it remains less a choir than a cacophony — a dissonant babble of politicians all struggling, in their own way, to cope with the manifold challenges posed by the virus, from its crushing burden on hospitals and health care workers to its economic devastation and rising death toll.
12. cacophony 刺耳嘈雜的聲音;雜音
13. a dissonant babble of... 七嘴八舌的...
14. manifold challenges 多種多樣的挑戰
15. economic devastation 經濟崩解
然而,與其說是合唱,這更像一種刺耳的喧囂——一群七嘴八舌的政客用各自的方式努力應對這種病毒所帶來的各種挑戰,從超負荷的醫院和醫護人員到崩潰的經濟和與日俱增的死亡人數。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The choir also lacks a conductor, a role played through most of the post-World War II era by the United States.
這個合唱團還欠缺指揮,在二戰戰後的大部分時間裡,這個角色是由美國扮演的。
President Trump has failed to work with other leaders to fashion a common response, preferring to promote travel bans and his border wall over the scientific advice of his own medical experts. Mr. Trump’s secretary of state, Mike Pompeo, has taken to calling it the “Wuhan virus,” vilifying the country where it originated and complicating efforts to coordinate a global response.
16. lack (v.) 缺少,缺乏*
17. to fashion a common response 形成一致的回應
18. travel ban 旅行禁令
19. take to sth 開始從事;形成…的習慣
20. vilify 詆毀,誣衊;醜化;貶低
21. complicate 使複雜化;使更難懂;使更麻煩
川普總統未能與其他領導人合作形成一致的回應,他寧願推動旅行禁令和他的邊境牆,而不是他自己的醫學專家的科學建議。川普的國務卿邁克·龐皮歐(Mike Pompeo)把它叫做「武漢病毒」,醜化其發源國,使協調全球響應的工作更加艱難。
*lack, lack of, lacking: http://bit.ly/33LrOhw
★★★★★★★★★★★★
週三,川普總統在白宮會見了銀行家,討論如何應對冠狀病毒。
The same denigration of science and urge to block outsiders has characterized leaders from China to Iran, as well as right-wing populists in Europe, which is sowing cynicism and leaving people uncertain of who to believe. Far from trying to stamp out the virus, strongmen like President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman of Saudi Arabia have seized on the upheaval it is causing as cover for steps to consolidate their power.
22. the denigration of science 對科學的詆毀
23. characterize (v.) 是…的特徵;為…所特有
24. right-wing populists 右翼民粹主義者
25. sow a seed of 播下了…的種子
26. cynicism 犬儒主義;憤世嫉俗
27. stamp sth out 消除,消滅
28. upheaval 動盪
29. consolidate their power 鞏固自己的力量
從中國到伊朗的領導人,乃至歐洲的右翼民粹主義者,都有同樣的對科學的詆毀和對外人的排斥,這播下了疑神疑鬼的種子,讓人們不知道該相信誰。俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾·V·普丁(Vladimir V. Putin)和沙烏地阿拉伯王儲穆罕默德·本·薩勒曼(Mohammed bin Salman)等強人領袖並沒有去試圖消滅病毒,而是趁機以其引發的動盪為掩護,鞏固自己的力量。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Yet it is too simple to lay all this at Mr. Trump’s door, or on world leaders collectively. Part of the problem is simply the fiendish nature of the pathogen.
30. lay sth at sb's door 將…歸咎於(某人)
31. fiendish 惡魔般的;殘忍的
32. pathogen 病原體
然而,將一切推到川普身上,或一股腦推到各國領導人身上,都過於簡單了。部分問題實際上源於病原體的殘忍特性。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Coronavirus has resisted the tools that countries have brought to bear against previous global scourges. Mysterious in its transmission and relentless in its spread, it has led countries to try wildly divergent responses. The lack of common standards on testing, on the cancellation of public gatherings and on quarantines have deepened the anxiety of people and eroded confidence in their leaders.
33. to bear against 抵禦
34. global scourges 全球災禍
35. wildly divergent responses 截然不同的應對方式
36. quarantine 隔離
37. eroded confidence 削弱對…的信心
各國為抵禦先前的全球災禍而使用的工具,被冠狀病毒一一擊敗。詭異的感染方式,持續不懈的傳播,已經導致各國不得不嘗試各種截然不同的應對方式。在病毒測試、取消公共聚會和隔離方法上缺乏一致的標準,這加劇了人們的焦慮,並削弱了他們對領導者的信心。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The simultaneous shocks to supply and demand — shuttered iPhone factories in China; empty gondolas in Venice; and passengers abandoning cruises, hotels and airlines everywhere else — is a new phenomenon that may not respond to the weapons government wielded against the dislocation that followed the September 2001 terrorist attacks and the financial crisis of 2008.
38. simultaneous shocks 同時衝擊
39. supply and demand 供需
40. the weapons wielded against... 為抵禦...所鍛造的武器
供給和需求在同一時刻受到衝擊——被關閉的中國iPhone工廠;威尼斯空無一人的貢多拉;以及其他地方旅客放棄前往的郵輪、旅館和航班——政府在2001年9月的恐怖襲擊以及2008年金融危機後為抵禦混亂所鍛造的武器,恐怕難以用來對付這種新的現象。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
“The nature of this crisis is qualitatively different than the one in 2008 because the traditional tools are not as effective,” said Richard N. Haass, president of the Council on Foreign Relations. “Even if the U.S. took a leadership role, the traditional playbook would not be all that relevant here.”
41. the nature of …的性質
42. be qualitatively different 有本質區別
43. playbook 方案
「這次危機的性質,與2008年危機有本質區別,因為傳統手段的效果不佳,」外交關係委員會(Council on Foreign Relations)主席理查德·N·哈斯(Richard N. Haass)說。「即使美國發揮領導作用,傳統方案用在現在的情況沒有多大意義。」
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Britain, for example, won praise for its robust economic response, which, in addition to billions of pounds for hospitals and workers sidelined by illness, included a sharp interest rate cut by the Bank of England.
44. won praise for 贏得讚譽
45. robust economic response 強勁的經濟反應
46. in addition to 此外
47. be sidelined by illness 因疾病而停工
48. a sharp interest rate cut大幅降息
例如,英國因其強勁的經濟應對而贏得讚譽,他們不僅為醫院和因疾病而停工的工人提供了數十億英鎊撥款,還包括英格蘭銀行的大幅降息。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Yet stocks in London still tumbled, if not as steeply as on Wall Street, where investors brushed off Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin’s proposal to allow Americans to delay paying their income taxes, which he claimed would pump $200 billion into the economy.
49. tumbled (價值)暴跌,驟降
50. steeply 徒峭地;險峻地
51. brush off 漠視,不理睬
然而,倫敦股市仍然下跌,儘管跌幅不及華爾街。面對財政部長史蒂芬·馬努欽(Steven Mnuchin)提出的允許美國人緩交所得稅的提議,華爾街投資人不為所動,馬努欽聲稱此舉將為經濟注入2000億美元。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Mr. Trump’s other big idea, a cut in the payroll tax, was pronounced a “non-starter” by House Democrats, who scrambled instead to introduce legislation to provide financial help to patients, workers and families affected by the fast-moving epidemic and speed it to a House vote on Thursday.
52. payroll tax 薪金稅
53. non-starter 無成功希望的人(或想法、計劃)
54. House Democrats 眾議院民主黨議員
55. scramble to 爭搶(去做)
川普先生的另一個大想法是削減薪金稅,眾議院民主黨議員宣布這「不可能」,他們慌忙提出立法,在財務上幫助受迅速傳播的流行病影響的患者、工人和家庭,並且快速提交至週四的眾議院投票。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
To Mr. Haass, the intense focus on limiting the economic blow was understandable, given the carnage in the markets, but premature. He said countries needed to put their energy into slowing and mitigating the spread of the virus before they embarked on fiscal programs to repair the economic damage.
56. carnage (尤指戰爭中的)大屠殺,殘殺
57. carnage in the markets 市場的慘狀
58. premature 過早的;不成熟的;倉促的
59. mitigate 減緩
60. embarked on sth 開始,著手做(新的或重要的事情)
61. fiscal programs 財政計劃
哈斯認為,考慮到市場的慘狀,集中精力抑制經濟衝擊是可以理解的,但為時過早。他說,各國在開始實施財政計劃以修復經濟損失之前,需要投入精力以減慢並緩和病毒的傳播。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The trouble is that, with few exceptions, their efforts have been hapless. In the United States, the delay in developing coronavirus test kits and the scarcity of tests has made it impossible for officials, even weeks after the first cases appeared in the country, to get a true picture of the scale of the outbreak.
62. hapless幸運的;不愉快的
63. the scarcity of …的缺乏
64. the scale of the outbreak 疫情的真實規模
問題是,除了少數例外,他們的努力都沒有什麼好結果。在美國,由於開發冠狀病毒檢測工具的進度遲緩,以及檢測手段的缺乏,官員們甚至在出現本國第一例病例數週後仍無法了解疫情的真實規模。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
In hard-hit Italy, quarrels broke out between politicians and medical experts over whether the authorities were testing too many people in Lombardy, inflating the infection figures and fueling panic in the public. Italy’s response could be weakened further by the anti-vaccination movement that was once embraced by the populist Five Star Movement, which took power in the last government.
65. hard-hit 受災嚴重的
66. inflate 抬高;誇大
67. fueling panic加劇恐慌
68. anti-vaccination movement 反疫苗運動
69. populist 民粹主義政黨
70. took power 執政
在受災嚴重的義大利,政界人士和醫學專家爭論當局是否在倫巴第對太多人進行測試,誇大感染人數,加劇公眾恐慌。義大利的反應可能會遭到反疫苗運動的進一步削弱。該運動曾受上屆執政的民粹主義政黨五星運動(Five Star Movement)的支持。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
義大利倫巴第地區是世界上受災最嚴重的地區之一,人們戴著口罩。
Even comparing one country’s case count to another’s is almost impossible, given the different testing procedures and diagnostic criteria around the world, said Dr. Chris Smith, a specialist in virology at the University of Cambridge.
71. testing procedures 檢測程序
72. diagnostic criteria 診斷標準
劍橋大學(University of Cambridge)病毒學專家克里斯·史密斯(Chris Smith)博士表示,考慮到世界各地不同的檢測程序和診斷標準,連對兩個國家的病例數進行比較幾乎都是不可能的。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
In the most extreme example, China’s case count skyrocketed when it began recording positives based on people’s symptoms, rather than a lab test, the method most countries are still using. But even lab tests might yield different results in different places, depending on the targets labs are using and the ways health workers collect and process specimens.
73. based on people’s symptom 根據某人癥狀
74. case count skyrocketed 病例數大幅飆升
75. yield different results 產生不同的結果
最極端的例子是,當中國開始根據癥狀而不是大多數國家仍在使用的實驗室檢測來計算確診病例時,病例數出現了大幅飆升。但即使是實驗室測試,不同的地方也可能產生不同的結果,這取決於實驗室使用的對象以及醫務人員收集和處理標本的方式。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
“Different countries are doing different things,” Dr. Smith said of the testing programs. “You’re not comparing apples to apples.”
「不同的國家正在做不同的事情,」史密斯談到測試項目時說。「這不是蘋果和蘋果之間的對比。」
The rise of populism has exacerbated the problem by reducing the incentives of countries to cooperate. European leaders, in a three-hour teleconference on Tuesday night, agreed to set up a 25 billion euro investment fund, or $28.1 billion, and to relax rules governing airlines to curb the economic fallout.
76. exacerbated the problem 使問題更加嚴重
77. the incentives of 誘因
78. teleconference 電話會議
79. curb the economic fallout 遏制經濟危機的影響
民粹主義的興起減少了各國合作的意願,使問題更加嚴重。歐洲領導人週二晚間舉行了三小時的電話會議,同意設立一個250億歐元(合1930億元人民幣)的投資基金,並放鬆對航空公司的監管,以遏制經濟危機的影響。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
But they failed to overcome national objections to sharing medical equipment like face masks and respirators, given that health issues are the responsibility of national governments. Germany, the Czech Republic and other countries have tightened export restrictions on this gear to keep it for their own citizens.
80. failed to overcome 未能克服
81. respirator 呼吸器
82. tightened export restrictions on… 加強了…的出口限制
83. gear (從事某活動的)裝備,用具,衣服
但他們未能克服各國對分享口罩和呼吸器等醫療器械的反對,因為健康問題是國家政府的責任。德國、捷克共和國等國家已經加強了對這些設備的出口限制,以便將其留給本國公民。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Chancellor Angela Merkel’s warning that the virus would infect 60 percent to 70 percent of people in Germany — a figure she attributed to the “consensus among experts” — was the most forthright admission of the scale of the problem by any world leader. It was fully in character for a physicist-turned-politician, reinforcing her status as the liberal West’s foil to Mr. Trump.
84. attributed to 歸於
85. consensus among experts 專家共識
86. forthright (過於)坦誠的,直率的;直截了當的
87. reinforce 強化,加深,進一步證實(觀點、看法等)
88. the liberal West’s foil 自由主義西方世界中的對比
89. foil 陪襯物*
德國總理安哥拉·梅克爾(Angela Merkel)警告說,這種病毒將感染德國60%到70%的人——她稱這一數字來自「專家共識」——這是世界各國領導人對該問題嚴重性最坦率的承認態度。這完全符合從物理學家轉型為政治家的梅克爾的性格,令她進一步成為自由主義西方世界中川普的一個鮮明對比。
*http://bit.ly/3deYyVe
★★★★★★★★★★★★
“We will do whatever is needed,” she said. “We won’t ask every day, ‘What does this mean for our deficit?’”
90. deficit 赤字
「我們會竭盡所能,」她說。「我們不會每天都問,『這對我們的赤字有什麼影響?』」
Yet even Ms. Merkel’s position has been weakened by the resurgence of the far right in Germany. Germany rebuffed a request for medical equipment from Italy, only to see China offer the Italians an aid package that includes two million face masks and 100,000 respirators.
91. a resurgence of 復甦;復興;再次興起
92. far right 極右翼勢力
93. rebuff 斷然拒絕
94. only to do sth 不料卻,沒想到卻
然而,就連梅克爾的地位也被德國極右翼勢力的復甦削弱了。德國拒絕了義大利提供醫療器械的請求,中國卻向義大利提供了包括200萬隻口罩和10萬隻呼吸器在內的援助。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
In Britain, which left the European Union in January, there are already fears that the country will not have access to a vaccine, or will have to pay more for it than other European countries. Mr. Johnson’s government, which won its recent election on a populist-inflected platform of “Get Brexit Done,” is now struggling with how to communicate the risks of the outbreak to its public.
95. a vaccine 疫苗
96. platform 綱領,政綱,宣言
在今年1月脫離歐盟的英國,已經有人擔心該國將無法獲得疫苗,或者將不得不支付比其他歐洲國家更多的費用。強生的政府在最近的選舉中獲勝,憑藉的是受民粹主義影響的「完成脫歐」(Get Brexit Done)宣言。如今這個政府正在吃力地向民眾宣講疫情暴發的風險。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The Johnson government has put a lot of stock in a so-called nudge unit in Downing Street that specializes in behavioral psychology. But in trying to calibrate its response to what it deemed people capable of processing, the government risked condescending to Britons, said John Ashton, a former regional director of public health for the northwest of England.
97. put a lot of stock in 投入了大量資金
98. so-called 所謂
99. nudge unit 哄勸部門
100. behavioral psychology 行為心理學
101. calibrate 判斷;劃分刻度,標定
102. deem 認為,視為;覺得
103. condescending 表現出高…一等的姿態的,帶有優越感地對待…的
強生政府在唐寧街設立了一個擅長行為心理學的所謂「哄勸」部門,為此投入了大量資金。但前英格蘭西北部地區公共衛生主任約翰·阿什頓(John Ashton)說,政府在判斷人們的接受限度,並以這個限度為依據來制定自己的應對措施,這可能是在用一種假惺惺的屈就方式對待英國人民。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Britain has only recently started publishing broad breakdowns of where people are contracting the virus. Mr. Ashton said they should be giving much more detailed information, as in Hong Kong, which has published building-level maps of patients who have gotten sick, when they were there and how they contracted the virus.
英國直到最近才開始公布感染髮生的具體地點。阿什頓說,他們應該提供更詳細的信息,就像香港一樣。香港公布了具體到建築的患者地圖,並提供他們在那裡的時間和感染病毒的方式。
“I think it’s patronizing — they need to keep the public fully in the picture,” Mr. Ashton said. “You have to treat the public as adults, instead of keeping them in the dark. That’s where you get rumor and hysteria. They actually create panic by not being open with people.”
104. patronizing 屈尊俯就的;自以為高人一等的
105. keep sb in the picture 使(某人)了解情況
106. keeping sb in the dark 蒙在鼓裡
107. rumor and hysteria 謠言和歇斯底里
「我認為這是一種哄人的姿態——他們需要讓公眾充分了解情況,」阿什頓說。「你必須像對待成年人一樣對待公眾,而不是把他們蒙在鼓裡。謠言和歇斯底里就是這麼來的。他們不向人民開誠布公,實際上是在製造恐慌。」
★★★★★★★★★★★★
完整報導: https://nyti.ms/2J070dm
圖片來源: http://bit.ly/2U1tgJS
★★★★★★★★★★★★
這篇文章你最喜歡哪一句? 辛苦的小編把所有的關鍵片語都列出來了! 同學會持續的看到這些關鍵詞彙和句型出現在我們所有的時事英文喔!
★★★★★★★★★★★★
台灣的應對: http://bit.ly/3a6NSGu
保健心智圖: https://goo.gl/seqt5k
保健相關單字: https://wp.me/p44l9b-Tt (+mp3)
時事英文大全: http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
★★★★★★★★★★★★
這一週的「時事英文」講義和使用方式: https://bit.ly/3a9rr38
sow項目 在 Taipei Ethereum Meetup Facebook 的最佳貼文
📜 [專欄新文章] Crosslink Recap —— Design pattern: build your first profitable DApp and smart contract
✍️ Feihu Tang
📥 歡迎投稿: https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium
上文 里說到,這幾天我會在臺北的 Crosslink 作為文字組的志願者,此次我負責這個議程的記錄,裡面非常多的 insight,我聽了非常感動。
會後,陳品來和我說,這次有一點遺憾是自己選擇使用英文,但是自己的英文並不足夠流利,使得大概只是介紹 slide 內容本身,如果用中文的話,就可以捕捉到更多的信息了。但是我覺得現在的版本就已經足夠好,會議當天臺下也有很多 foreigners,這種偶爾選擇走出自己舒適區的方法也是非常值得鼓勵!
陳品和我同是 TPE 的演講者,同時又都在去年成立了自己的 Dapp Startup,我們之間 share 著許多共同的觀點,這一次能夠記錄這個議程,也可以從側面描述一些從我的視角出發的補充論據。這里順便吐槽一下,剛從大阪 Devcon 回來,去了北京 Dragonfly,為了參加 Crosslink,中間不得不又回到日本,差點沒累個半死 …
參考資料
Bilibili, 演講回放 | Youtube 分流
Slide, Design Pattern: Build Your First Profitable DApp and Smart Contract.
Slide, Web3 Business Models by @owocki
加密協議的本質已不是「去中心化」,而是區塊鏈的可分叉
Multicoin:论 Layer 1 和 Layer 2 的价值捕获
論開放式金融框架下價值捕獲的重要性
五分鐘概覽 DeFi 當前常見的商業模式
挑戰
回到當天的議程。首先陳品介紹了 Dapp 開發者所面臨的挑戰,他將一個 Dapp 的生命周期,劃分為三個階段:
Bootstrap 冷啟動
Value Capturing 價值捕獲
Sustainability 可持續發展
其中最難的也是最核心的是第二個階段,Remember what has been told by Felix?
緊接著,陳品類比擴容悖論(Scalability Trilemma) 提出了 Dapp 悖論 (Dapp Dilemma)。開發一個 Dapp 非常容易,但是要開發一款可持續盈利的 Dapp 卻非常困難。究其原因,就是 Dapp 合約在默認情況下應當是開源的,而開源則意味著任何人都可以 fork ,然後將手續費設置成更低甚至是免費的版本。然而開源,或者說 「可分叉性」 ,這柄高懸在開發者頭頂的達摩克利斯之劍,又恰恰是她最迷人的地方。開源、自治、可持續,是每一個 Dapp 開發者所追求的極致的目標。
如同擴容悖論 (Scalability Trilemma) 只是 hard to achive 一樣,Dapp 悖論 (Dapp Dilemma) 也並非無解。
月前 Shell Xu 在 Linux Story 群里有一次 關於開源盈利模式的討論。Btw, 我之前在 Github x 平安雲的活動上, 還有幸聽了 Shell 的一節課 。
Shell 認為開源的盈利模式,有很多種,其中包括:
捐助 有很多成功的例子。甚至還有專門的網站 Patreon,ci-en 以及 愛發電。一些比特幣和匿名幣的開發者也依靠這種模式。軟體開源,但是往 AppStore 賣的話,實際也算是捐助,例如 keka 和很多 shareware games。 (這麼說來,itch 里自由定價,其實理論上也算是捐助吧。)
軟體免費,服務收費 代表 Red Hat
雙授權 代表 GhostScript 和 MongoDB
基金會 然後基金會又分為好幾種模式。 其中最成功的要算 Apache 基金會,參見 從用戶成為“股東” — — 在 Apache 基金會的 2600 天(Mozilia 你還好嗎 — — ?)
緊接著我提到,發幣其實也是一種。這一點最好的文章是 Naval 14 年寫下的那篇著名的 《比特幣眾籌模式》。這個觀點 Shell Xu 也非常認同,並且他還特別指出發幣事實上是很成功的一種手段。另外,最後我的觀點,我後來也專門寫了一篇文章, from open source to self hosting … 這是一個 Self hosting 的例子。
案例
EasyDAI
接下來陳品開始分析一些實際的案例,首先從自己的作品開始。
使用者將以太幣存入後,便會透過智慧合約自動執行,將以太幣兌換為美元穩定幣 DAI,隨後把 DAI 存入 Compound 借貸放款平臺,經由智慧合約去中心化地放款給其他有融資需求的用戶來獲得利息。
—— EasyDAI
我們看到 EasyDAI 的一筆交易中,會同時調用經過多個智能合約,這種互通性(Interoperability),也是 DeFi 項目的魅力之一。參見 InstaDApp, Bridge Protocols 。
Bancor VS Uniswap
剛才說到,發幣也是一種商業模式。談及 ICO,雖然我们都知道 Linux 那句著名的 Talk is Cheap,Show me the code,但在區塊鏈的世界,通常的作法則是 You reap, before you sow。但是並不是說,發幣就是解決所有的問題銀彈,可以參見 Gitcoin 的那篇,而一個多餘的 Token 帶來的後果很可能是災難性的。
Why Gitcoin Didn’t Launch With A Token
比較 Bancor 和 Uniswap,Uniswap 勝出已成公論,原因很多。首先 Uniswap 不會被 Bancor 代幣尋租(之前 Bancor 的運營人員有聯絡到我們希望幫我們的 EOS 代幣上 Bancor 交易所,當然代價是 5000 usdt。。。)。
然後更致命的原因 Bancor 的流動性是死的,而 Uniswap 協議的流動性足夠靈活,可以隨著市場的變化,動態調整。
最後 Bancor 協議的前提,假設 cw 是定值看起來也很沒道理。而所有這些原因,導致的結果就是會是 Bancor 錨定的代幣,缺少脫鉤的機制。關於這個論點,我之前在 Dapp Review 專門寫過文章: 重新審視 Bancor 演算法,為什麼 cw 是失效的設計 。
Kybey
接下來列舉了一個中庸的例子,Kybey。他依靠著 offchain 的設計,避免自己過早的遭遇分叉,從而也成功的積累了網路效應。
Raiden Network
而作為失敗例子的代表,相比於 Lightning,Raiden 網路發行了自己的代幣,並且類似以太坊那樣將這種代幣作為手續費,但是這種做法並沒有捕獲到 Layer2 的價值,從而導致項目的失敗。
MakerDAO
最後陳品舉了一個正面的價值捕獲的例子 — MakerDAO,這個觀點也和此前 X-Orde 群里 Tina 的看法一致。
結論
回到 Dapp Dilemma,因為 Smart Contract 默認你就是需要開源的,所以所有開源軟體會遇到的問題,你大概也都會遇到,而解決這一問題的唯一方法,陳品在 slide 里也進行了總結,就是 在被分叉之前,捕獲足夠的價值,從而積累出足夠的網路效應作為你的壁壘 。
QA
Q: 如何實現閉源。
A: 不要在 etherscan 里 verify source code 就可以了。 這里我還有一個小的疑問,因為實際上我們所有的 bytecode 已經上 EVM 了,這里是否有可能被逆向工程?@陳品
Q: 閉源真的有用戶來用嗎?
A: Of course。
Q: How about PollTogether?
A: 這是一個價值捕獲的好的例子,等到他們開源的時候,合約里已經有足夠吸引力的 deposit 了。
Crosslink Recap —— Design pattern: build your first profitable DApp and smart contract was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.
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sow項目 在 Lincoln Hui 許俊豪 Facebook 的最讚貼文
《我要挑你機》😈
終於開始我嘅拍攝項目啦
做咗一段健身時間
其實都覺得自己都有進步左
但係由於我唔怕輸嘅性格
(係厚面皮先岩)
所以係時候要挑戰下教練
同覺得互動下嘅樂趣會更加大
挑戰 @nsy_sing 睇吓我嘅極限
我哋決定做四組嘅腹肌運動
每個動作50下,直到去第三組我終於敗陣下來,所以證明我仲有好多進步嘅空間!
仲有嘅就係,呢個只係開始
下一個被挑戰嘅對象
可能就係《你》😈
@wowfitness_2014
想挑我上黎喇🤣
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