幫 AI 開眼，美軍將開發仿神經型態攝影系統

作者 Alan Chen | 發布日期 2021 年 07 月 09 日 15:20 |

美國五角大廈近日宣佈將召集雷神、貝宜系統和諾斯洛普．格魯曼三家軍火公司，共同開發以仿神經型態技術為基礎的紅外線攝影系統，透過低功耗和低數據處理要求的特性，讓未來的 AI 機器人系統以及傳統偵查追蹤任務，能更有效率。

現代的影像技術雖然已經非常先進，精密攝影系統可以隨時捕捉兆畫素等級的高解析影像，但卻也造成數據處理、傳送和電力消耗的負擔越來越大，軍事應用上，高解析影像追蹤系統，如果用在單純的空中目標還相對容易，但只要是背景複雜的陸上或海上目標，高解析影像產生的大量數據容易使系統超載，高耗電性也相對限制無人機出任務的時間。

因此國防高等研究計劃署（Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency，DARPA）開始進行名為「快速事件驅動仿神經攝影及電子系統」（Fast Event-based Neuromorphic Camera and Electronics，FENCE）的開發。

FENCE 系統的目標，是仿照人類大腦在處理影像時，會自動聚焦在出現變化的像素，並忽略大部分背景及其他不重要畫素，以減少腦力和體力負荷。為達成目標，DARPA 與合作企業開發出這套系統幾項核心設備，包括仿神經型態系統的紅外線（IR）攝影機、低延遲、低耗能和事件驅動的焦面陣列（Focal Plane Array，FPA），採用異步通訊（Asynchornous communication）技術的讀出整合電路（Readout Intergrated Circuit，ROIC），以及專門協助 ROIC 接收處理空間和時間訊號的處理層（Processing Layer）。

「這套系統的目標是創造出智慧型影像感應器，大量減少攝影機傳送數據量和耗電量。」FENCE 計畫負責人 Whitney Mason 博士表示，新影像感應系統只需要處理變化中、最重要的畫素即可。

系統測試時只需 1.5 瓦電力即可操作，而 DARPA 的目標是將這項新裝置安裝在未來的 AI 車輛、載具和機器人，執行偵察和追蹤任務，因此影像感應裝置將成為無人載具的眼睛。

附圖：▲ DARPA 的 FENCE 系統將大量減少處理影像時所需的數據和耗電量，讓監控任務更有效率。（Source：Then24）
▲ FENCE 系統未來可強化無人機任務時間和效率。（Source：U.S. Air Force photo by Paul Ridgeway, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons）

資料來源：https://technews.tw/2021/07/09/darpa-developing-neuromorphic-image-system-for-lower-data-processing-requirement/

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【Big-ticket Items Parade Well】
一、
這期的經濟學人雜誌中，有一篇關於台灣國防的文章，十分有趣。
文章中說，由於現在中國的軍費高達台灣的數十倍，所以台灣無法在傳統的戰鬥機、坦克車、大型軍艦等項目上與中國競爭，再加上在國防上是守勢，所以台灣目前採取的是「豪豬戰略」(Porcupine Strategy)。

二、
在這個「豪豬戰略」裡，有三個重點：
一是使用智慧型水雷，
二是發展武裝無人機、遙控無人碉堡等，
三是大量生產飛彈，搭載在小型快艇，或是四處移動而沒有標示的卡車上。

三、
依照經濟學人雜誌的說法，這個戰略的優點，是易於隱藏，不會被中國的飛彈與飛機摧毀。而且這些武器都是低成本的，台灣可以自己大量製造。
這個戰略不但是美國軍方極力推薦，同時也獲得蔡英文政府的支持。

四、
但是文章中也提到，有些軍方高層不完全同意這個戰略。他們認為，台灣還是必須保留相當的經費來購買昂貴的戰鬥機、大型軍艦、以及坦克車。
他們也說的很直白，”Big-ticket items parade well”，意思是說，大型的武器裝備在閱兵的時候很好看，可以達到激勵民心士氣的作用。

五、
在我看來，台灣現在所採取的豪豬戰略，基本上就是越共在越戰中的打法，但是加上了高科技的武器裝備，讓敵人找不到我方的主力，讓敵人不知道要攻擊哪裡，但又隨時可以從暗處下毒手攻擊對方。

六、
人類戰爭的歷史，其實一直都是新的戰法打敗舊的戰法。
第一次世界大戰期間，機關槍的大量使用，改變了戰爭的型態。但是一開始，許多將軍們還是迷信衝鋒，讓大量的士兵無辜慘死。直到戰爭後期，雙方才了解到，壕溝戰是唯一的致勝戰略。
到了第二次大戰期間，坦克車的大量使用，又改變了戰爭的型態。但是法國的將軍們還是迷信上一次戰爭中的壕溝戰法，在戰前把大部份的國防經費都拿去蓋馬其諾防線，結果讓法國慘敗。
到了韓戰，美國一開始又迷信上一次戰爭中的坦克車，而且美軍的指揮官沃克上將（Walton Walker ），也剛好是二戰期間戰功彪炳的戰車兵團指揮官。但是韓國的山地不適合坦克車移動，所以美軍被中國解放軍打得很慘。後來沃克因為車禍意外身亡，由空降兵出身的李奇威上將（Matthew Ridgeway）接手，好不容易才扭轉了戰局。
到了越戰，美軍又迷信空降兵，而且主導戰爭的泰勒上將 （Maxwell Taylor）跟魏斯莫蘭上將（William Westmoreland) 都是空降兵出身，結果又被擅長游擊戰的越共打得很慘。

七、
經過了這些戰爭，美軍應該已經學到了教訓，知道戰略應該與時俱進，不能一味抄襲過往戰爭的歷史。我們不能倚靠上一次戰爭中的主要武器，也不能倚靠在上一次戰爭中戰功彪炳的將軍。
而台灣的軍方、民眾、與政治人物們，不知道是否能了解這個道理？

ซื้อเกมได้ที่ https://store.epicgames.com/legendauser/the-division-2
Tom Clancy's The Division 2 x Resident Evil

Tom Clancy's The Division 2 is an upcoming online action role-playing video game developed by Massive Entertainment and published by Ubisoft. The sequel to Tom Clancy's The Division, the game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on March 15, 2019.

Played from a third-person perspective, the game takes place in Washington D.C. seven months after its predecessor, in which a civil war between survivors and villainous bands of marauders breaks out. In the game, players can cooperate with each other to complete objectives. The game will also feature raids, which can be completed by up to eight players.

The events of Tom Clancy's The Division 2 take place in the summer of Washington D.C., 7 months after the events of the Dollar Flu, which took place in the winter in New York City. The virus has now spread to Washington D.C. During the initial phase of the crisis, important personnel such as POTUS, Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff and other important politicians were being evacuated. The chaos of the virus began with attacks on the Pentagon, The National Mall and other landmarks. Riots followed the day after and the security forces were hit, forcing them to evacuate the capital. The dense heatwave added to more problems. The supply lines were cutoff; after a few days survivors developed communities and many of them were armed, while the criminals have developed their own factions and raid these communities for supply and control. Factions like the True Sons, a group of paramilitary warlords bent on dominating their enemies and expanding their territory around Washington D.C. These militants are led by a former JTF officer Antwon Ridgeway who, along with those that follow him, are a force to be reckoned with. Because of this, Directive 51 has been activated in Washington D.C. and thus activates a unit of Division agents who launch a joint operation with the Civilian Militia in Washington D.C. in order to recapture the capital.

Washington D.C. has been recreated to be as authentic as possible complete with well-known landmarks and buildings. Despite possible controversy, Ubisoft has stated that the choice of location was not one of politics despite the fact the chosen location is the nation's capital. Combat will be similar to the original game, with a few new features which includes new skills and new weapons. Players who help the citizens in D.C. may find some willing to take up arms and join the battle (part of the Settlements feature).

ซื้อเกมได้ที่ https://store.epicgames.com/legendauser/the-division-2
Tom Clancy's The Division 2 Ending พากย์ไทย เนื้อเรื่อง

Tom Clancy's The Division 2 is an upcoming online action role-playing video game developed by Massive Entertainment and published by Ubisoft. The sequel to Tom Clancy's The Division, the game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on March 15, 2019.

Played from a third-person perspective, the game takes place in Washington D.C. seven months after its predecessor, in which a civil war between survivors and villainous bands of marauders breaks out. In the game, players can cooperate with each other to complete objectives. The game will also feature raids, which can be completed by up to eight players.

The events of Tom Clancy's The Division 2 take place in the summer of Washington D.C., 7 months after the events of the Dollar Flu, which took place in the winter in New York City. The virus has now spread to Washington D.C. During the initial phase of the crisis, important personnel such as POTUS, Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff and other important politicians were being evacuated. The chaos of the virus began with attacks on the Pentagon, The National Mall and other landmarks. Riots followed the day after and the security forces were hit, forcing them to evacuate the capital. The dense heatwave added to more problems. The supply lines were cutoff; after a few days survivors developed communities and many of them were armed, while the criminals have developed their own factions and raid these communities for supply and control. Factions like the True Sons, a group of paramilitary warlords bent on dominating their enemies and expanding their territory around Washington D.C. These militants are led by a former JTF officer Antwon Ridgeway who, along with those that follow him, are a force to be reckoned with. Because of this, Directive 51 has been activated in Washington D.C. and thus activates a unit of Division agents who launch a joint operation with the Civilian Militia in Washington D.C. in order to recapture the capital.

Washington D.C. has been recreated to be as authentic as possible complete with well-known landmarks and buildings. Despite possible controversy, Ubisoft has stated that the choice of location was not one of politics despite the fact the chosen location is the nation's capital. Combat will be similar to the original game, with a few new features which includes new skills and new weapons. Players who help the citizens in D.C. may find some willing to take up arms and join the battle (part of the Settlements feature).

ซื้อเกมได้ที่ https://store.epicgames.com/legendauser/the-division-2
Tom Clancy's The Division 2 พากย์ไทย เนื้อเรื่อง

Tom Clancy's The Division 2 is an upcoming online action role-playing video game developed by Massive Entertainment and published by Ubisoft. The sequel to Tom Clancy's The Division, the game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on March 15, 2019.

Played from a third-person perspective, the game takes place in Washington D.C. seven months after its predecessor, in which a civil war between survivors and villainous bands of marauders breaks out. In the game, players can cooperate with each other to complete objectives. The game will also feature raids, which can be completed by up to eight players.

The events of Tom Clancy's The Division 2 take place in the summer of Washington D.C., 7 months after the events of the Dollar Flu, which took place in the winter in New York City. The virus has now spread to Washington D.C. During the initial phase of the crisis, important personnel such as POTUS, Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff and other important politicians were being evacuated. The chaos of the virus began with attacks on the Pentagon, The National Mall and other landmarks. Riots followed the day after and the security forces were hit, forcing them to evacuate the capital. The dense heatwave added to more problems. The supply lines were cutoff; after a few days survivors developed communities and many of them were armed, while the criminals have developed their own factions and raid these communities for supply and control. Factions like the True Sons, a group of paramilitary warlords bent on dominating their enemies and expanding their territory around Washington D.C. These militants are led by a former JTF officer Antwon Ridgeway who, along with those that follow him, are a force to be reckoned with. Because of this, Directive 51 has been activated in Washington D.C. and thus activates a unit of Division agents who launch a joint operation with the Civilian Militia in Washington D.C. in order to recapture the capital.

Washington D.C. has been recreated to be as authentic as possible complete with well-known landmarks and buildings. Despite possible controversy, Ubisoft has stated that the choice of location was not one of politics despite the fact the chosen location is the nation's capital. Combat will be similar to the original game, with a few new features which includes new skills and new weapons. Players who help the citizens in D.C. may find some willing to take up arms and join the battle (part of the Settlements feature).