【力量訓練的「訓練量」該如何設定？】

跑者的訓練量俗稱「跑量」，單位是「公里」，所以月跑量三百是指一個月總訓練距離300公里。在力量訓練圈的「訓練量」（Training Volume）常是「總反覆次數」 （Total Repetition）的同義詞；而「月總量」就是指一個月的總反覆次數，像我們會建議初跑者的月跑量最好不要超過100公里一樣，在做重訓時，有沒有一個區間可以讓大家參考呢？下面是《The System》的作者群建議：

#以下為譯文：
以剛接觸訓練的新手來說，月總量最好從750次（總反覆次數）開始；而菁英運動員的上限設在1,600次。在前蘇聯時代，我們親眼看到他們運動員以更高的月總量進行訓練。然而，我們後來也發現這跟他們使用加強運動表現的補給品有關，那使運動員能更快恢復。

總反覆次數是指在單一個週期中（這裡是指中週期）所有基本力量動作重複次數的總合。因此總反覆次數750的意思是在不同的訓練強度與動作中總共累計的次數，但這個數字不包括輔助訓練的動作。

從帳面上來看，750這個數字分配到一個月十二到十六次課表當中，看起來似乎很小，但我們這們所定的750這個數字比較像是「基本量」，而非下限，如果總反覆次數低於750下，就不會為運動員的成長帶來實質的影響。表 4.14 中的數值並不是意味著高水平或菁英運動員在四週內的總反覆次數永遠不會有低於1,000次情況發生，那只是維持成長的基本量。對運動員的恢復能力影響最大的是訓練量，因此這些範圍中比較需要注意的是上限的數值。若月總量超過上限值，恢復能力將快速到受到侵害，而且侵害的速度比任何其他因素都快。

一位菁英水準的運動員可以在一個月的時間裡完成1,000次以下的訓練，就算在恢復期也經常發生。然而，訓練新手若超過1,000次的上限，大都要承擔受傷或嚴重過度訓練的風險。

許多教練擔心他們的運動員練不夠，所以無法有效獲得力量和爆發力的進步。他們不想因為目標定得太低而有所保留，這讓他們感覺是「浪費」了一個月的訓練時間。剛開始採用這個方法來訓練時有這種感覺很自然，我們系統中的每一位教練也都曾經歷過相同的掙扎。

美國的力量教練已經把「訓練要用盡全力」當作一種信念，訓練完還有餘力好像就會覺得不夠認真。但請相信我們。我們說的方法很少失敗，也幾乎沒有過度訓練的風險，這些區間已被證明能最有效地幫助運動員進步。

在調整運動員的訓練量時，需要考慮到他們的技巧、經驗、過去的醫療史、訓練史、性別、實際年齡與訓練年齡。

我們過去的慘痛教訓可以讓你少走許多彎路。當你在訓練量的拿捏上猶豫不決時，原則是寧少勿多。寧可因量太少沒進步，也不要犯下過量訓練的錯誤。

總訓練量不包括輔助訓練或是特別針對「局部效果」的練習次數。那些動作主要是為了強化特定肌肉或是使全身力量動作能做得更好的輔助性訓練，所以我們不會把它們算在總訓練量中。
最受我們重視的力量訓練動作不只對身體的負擔很大，技術要求也很高；正因如此，我們才會嚴格限制訓練量。

雖然輔助訓練不會被計算在總訓練量裡，但你不要因此失控，開始加練很多你想練的輔助動作。永遠記住：效率第一。

#原文如下
The absolute floor of volume for a novice athlete is 750 total exercise repetitions per month, and the ceiling for the elite athlete is 1,600 total reps. During our time in the former Soviet Republics, we witnessed athletes performing even higher monthly training volumes. However, as we found later, that was often with the benefit of performance-enhancing substances that allowed for more rapid recovery.

In a single cycle, the total number of repetitions pertains to all exercises performed in the key movements. This means 750 total repetitions are spread between the different exercises among the range of training intensities we want to emphasize.

On the surface, these can seem like small numbers when we consider they may be spread out over 12 to 16 training sessions. That 750-rep total is really more like the basement rather than the floor of total volume—any less than 750 will not budge the needle on gains. That does not mean advanced or elite-level athletes will not have cycles that dip below 1,000 reps. These ranges should be more prescriptive of the ceiling of higher volumes to avoid exceeding. Pushing monthly volume beyond these ranges erodes recovery more rapidly than any other factor.

An elite-level athlete can use a month with a total volume of under 1,000 reps, as will often be the case when returning to training. However, a novice athlete can rarely exceed the 1,000-rep ceiling without risking an injury or a significant overtraining effect.

Many coaches worry their athletes will not do enough work to promote gains in strength and power. They do not want to “waste” a month by aiming too low on total volume and leaving some gains in the tank. That is a natural feeling when adopting this method, and each of us went through the same mental struggle.

Strength coaches in America are not hard-wired to accept less than maximum. However, trust us when we say that without fail, these ranges have proven to be the most effective in generating progress with almost no risk of overtraining.

Fine-tuning where your athletes fall in a volume range takes skill, experience, and consideration of their medical and training history, biological and training age, and gender.
The bloody trail of our mistakes can save you a lot of added stress: When in doubt, it is always better to err on the side of less volume than too much.

The total volume number does not include accessory work or exercises of “local effect.” Those exercises are more targeted muscle strengthening or exercises to support the main movements.

We are mainly concerned about the most physically taxing exercises that demand more of an athlete’s attention to technique—hence, the volume restrictions.

Although the accessory work is not included in the volume calculations, you still cannot go wild, adding as much as you want. Always remember this: efficiency first.
(以上摘錄自原文第132~133)
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#文末挑戰多益選擇題📝
貝魯特大爆炸
黎巴嫩現狀關鍵資訊彙整

開啟「接收通知」和「搶先看」每天吸收雙語時事新知
來讀華爾街日報獨家

❓What happened in Beirut?
貝魯特發生了什麼事？

❗️A giant explosion at a warehouse in the port sent a shock wave through downtown Beirut at about 6 p.m. local time on Tuesday. The force of the blast did tremendous damage to the surrounding neighborhoods and nearby buildings, tearing off balconies and shattering windows. It blanketed the city in debris and ash for miles around.
黎巴嫩貝魯特當地時間週二（8/4）下午約六點，港口一間倉庫發生大爆炸，衝擊波穿透市中心，爆炸威力帶給周圍區域巨大的破壞，陽台斷裂、窗戶震碎，城市數英里內都籠罩在瓦礫和灰塵之中。

-tremendous: 巨大的；同義詞有enormous, immense, stupendous等
-blanket: 名詞是「毛毯」，動詞是「厚厚覆蓋、籠罩著」
-debris: 瓦礫；殘骸；廢墟


❓What caused the explosion in Beirut?
是什麼引發貝魯特大爆炸？

❗️Authorities say the blast occurred when a fire at a warehouse on the city’s waterfront ignited a cache of explosive ammonium nitrate that was being stored inside.
當局表示爆炸源自城市濱水區的一間倉庫起火，引燃倉內存放的一批易爆炸的硝酸銨。

-authority: 當局、官方、當權者
-occur: 發生；同義詞除了happen，也可用take place
-ammonium nitrate: 硝酸銨，是採礦和土木建築中用的爆炸混合物成分之一


❓What is the situation in Lebanon right now?
黎巴嫩現在的局勢如何？

❗️Lebanon’s already fragile economy has deteriorated rapidly amid lockdowns imposed to halt the spread of the coronavirus. The value of the country’s currency has plummeted in recent months, and its overtaxed power system has plunged the capital of Beirut into darkness for hours at a time.
為阻止新冠病毒蔓延而實行的封城，讓黎巴嫩本已脆弱的經濟迅速惡化，該國的貨幣價值在近幾個月暴跌，而負擔過重的電力系統曾讓首都貝魯特陷入數小時的黑暗之中。

-deteriorate: 惡化
-plummet: 暴跌、驟降；plunge也是同義詞
-overtaxed: 負擔過重的；課稅過多的


❗️The explosion comes at a time of escalating tension between Hezbollah and Israel. Israel’s military said last week that it exchanged gunfire with Hezbollah militants. On Monday, Israel said it thwarted an attack from an unidentified militant cell in Syria. Israel said it had no involvement in the explosion and has offered humanitarian assistance through diplomatic channels.
爆炸發生於真主黨和以色列的緊張局勢升高之際。以色列軍方上週表示與真主黨的激進分子交火，週一時挫敗了來自敘利亞境內不明武裝小組的攻擊，以色列表示沒有參與這場爆炸，並透過外交管道提供人道救援。

-escalate: （使）增強、加劇、擴大、惡化
-exchange: 交換；這段形容交戰、交火用exchange gunfire
-humanitarian assistance: 人道援助、人道救援


未完待續...
雪上加霜的黎巴嫩經濟如何受疫情影響？
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原文連結請看留言
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❓❓多益模擬題❓:
Israel had offered humanitarian ＿＿ to Lebanon, despite the ＿＿ of gunfire with Hezbollah militants last week.
🙋‍♀️🙋‍♂️
A. aid / exchange
B. help / switch
C. assistance / change

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