pre，有在...之前的意思。​
​
​
🖊 precede 在...之前、優於 (v.)​
➡️ 走 (cede) 在前 (pre) 面。​
E.g. Sandy’s resignation was preceded by weeks of speculation.​
在Sandy辭職之前，有關的猜測已經持續好幾個星期了。​
​
​
🖊 precaution 預防、警惕 (n.)​
➡️ 事情發生前 (pre) 必須小心、慎重 (caution)​
E.g. We should take necessary precautions against fire.​
我們必須採取必要的防火措施。​
​
​
🖊 prehistoric 史前的 (a.)​
➡️ 發生在歷史記載前 (pre) 的事情​
E.g. Some prehistoric people lived in caves.​
有些史前時期的人居住在洞穴裡。​
​
​
🖊 preliminary 初步的、初步 (a.) (n.)​
➡️ 最先 (pre) 、最初步的行動或計畫​
E.g. The discussions were preliminary to preparing a policy paper.​
這些討論是為了制定政策白皮書準備的。​
​
​
🖊 premature 過早的、不成熟的 (a.)​
➡️ 在前 (pre) 期就成熟的 → 早熟的​
E.g. This disease produces premature aging of the brain.​
這種疾病使大腦過早衰老。

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[關於反芻動物全身麻醉的風險，反芻動物中，全身麻醉的弊大於利。] 有興趣的朋友可以多了解一下喔! (中文翻譯的部分為Google翻譯的，能夠閱讀英文的朋友建議看原文會比較清楚喔)
還有很多很多相關的學術發表，就不貼那麼多出來啦!

Cooper結紮的日期是4月26日，他現在很健康很調皮。

(德叔真的超級超級愛看這些學術發表的文章，但是我還是相信醫生的專業。)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334673867_The_Use_of_Epidural_Anaesthesia_over_General_Anaesthesia_in_Ruminants
全身麻醉是現代醫學的重要組成部分。它是一種藥物誘導的可逆病症，包括特定的行為和生理特徵，包括無意識、健忘症、鎮痛和運動不能——伴隨自主神經、心血管、呼吸和體溫調節系統的穩定性。
[反芻動物全身麻醉具有內在風險，如瘤胃內容物反流、唾液分泌過多和肺部誤吸的可能性；因此並不總是推薦使用本地或區域技術。硬膜外麻醉是一種中樞神經阻滯技術，經常用於獸醫實踐中，用於治療家畜會陰、骶骨、腰椎和尾椎部位的不同產科和外科手術干擾。關於在反芻動物和其他物種的各種外科和實驗室程序中使用硬膜外麻醉的科學研究已經有幾項。總之，全身麻醉的弊大於利，特別是在反芻動物中。因此，硬膜外麻醉是首選。

General anaesthesia is an essential component of modern medicine. It is a drug induced reversible condition that includes specific behavioral and physiological traits unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and akinesia- with concomitant stability of the autonomic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems.
[General anesthesia in ruminants has inherent risks such as regurgitation of ruminal contents, excessive salivation and the possibility of pulmonary aspiration; therefore it is not always recommended and local or regional techniques may be used instead. Epidural anaesthesia is a central neuraxial block technique which is used regularly in veterinary practice for treatment of different obstetrical and surgical interferences in the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and caudal parts of the thoracic region of domestic animals. There have been several scientific researches on the use of epidural anesthesia in ruminants and other species for various surgical and laboratory procedures. In conclusion, the disadvantages of general anaesthesia outweigh the advantages especially in ruminant specie. Therefore, epidural anaesthesia is the most preferred.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118886700.ch1
瘤胃鼓脹、腹脹、反流和吸入性肺炎是與家畜全身麻醉相關的常見問題，應通過適當的預防措施和必要的麻醉前考慮來預見和解決。家畜在麻醉期間可能會出現胃內容物反流和誤吸，尤其是未禁食的動物。反芻動物在麻醉期間通常會大量分泌唾液。惡性高熱的觸發因素包括壓力（例如興奮、運輸或麻醉前處理）、鹵化吸入麻醉劑（例如氟烷、異氟烷、七氟烷和地氟烷）和去極化神經肌肉阻滯藥物（例如琥珀膽鹼）。同樣，氟烷似乎是豬惡性高熱的最有效和最常見的觸發因素。麻醉前禁食可能不能完全防止反流，但會減少瘤胃內容物中的固體物質數量。獸醫應將這些知識與適當的麻醉前準備和適當的圍手術期管理相結合，以確保這些動物的麻醉成功。
Ruminal tympany, bloat, regurgitation, and aspiration pneumonia are common problems associated with general anesthesia in farm animal species that should be anticipated and addressed with proper precautions and the necessary preanesthetic considerations. Regurgitation and aspiration of stomach content can occur in farm animal species during anesthesia, especially in nonfasted animals. Ruminants normally salivate profusely during anesthesia. The triggering agents of malignant hyperthermia include stress (e.g., excitement, transportation, or preanesthetic handling), halogenated inhalation anesthetics (e.g., halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane), and depolarizing neuro-muscular blocking drugs (e.g., succinylcholine). Similarly, halothane appears to be the most potent and most frequently reported trigger of malignant hyperthermia in pigs. Preanesthetic fasting may not completely prevent regurgitation, but it will decrease the amount of solid matter in the rumen content. Veterinarians should incorporate the knowledge with proper preanesthetic preparations and appropriate perioperative management to ensure successful outcome of anesthesia in these animals.

英模班本週教到登革熱，
俐媽趕快整理相關單字。

因為COVID-19，
各校考題介紹常見疾病的頻率增加了，
大家趕快一起學單字！
——————————————————
🩸 俐媽英文教室—登革熱篇：
🦟 Dengue Fever 登革熱
🦟 hemorrhagic (a.) 出血的(hemo-: blood)
🦟 acute (a.) 急性的
🦟 infectious (a.) 傳染的
🦟 Aedes Aegypti mosquito 埃及斑蚊
🦟 Aedes Albopictus mosquito 白線斑紋
🦟 mosquito-borne (a.) 蚊子傳染/播的
🦟 transmit (v.) 傳播
🦟 circulate (v.) 循環
🦟 acquire (v.) 獲得
🦟 feed on N 靠⋯為食
🦟 incubation (n.) 潛伏期；孵化
🦟 symptom (n.) 症狀
🦟 myalgia (n.). 肌肉痛
🦟 arthralgia (n.) 關節痛
🦟 rash (n.) 紅疹
🦟 hematuria (n.) 血尿
🦟 mucous (a.). 黏液的
🦟 membrane (n.) 膜
🦟 digestive organ 消化器官
🦟 complications (n.) 併發症
🦟 fatality rate (n.) 致死率
🦟 effusion (n.) 滲出
🦟 severe (a.) 嚴重的—> severity (n.) 嚴重性
🦟 shock (n.) 休克
🦟 therapy (n.) 療法
🦟 replenish (v.) 補充；重新裝滿
🦟 onset (n.) (疾病)開始
🦟 repellent (n.) 驅蟲劑—> repel (v.) 驅趕
🦟 mosquito-repellent incense (n.) 蚊香
🦟 bed-net (n.) 蚊帳
🦟 insecticide/ pesticide (n.) 殺蟲劑
🦟 spray (v.) 噴灑
🦟 residence (n.) 居住地/所
🦟 precaution (n.) 預防措施—> take precautions 採取預防措施
🦟 hygiene (n.) 衛生
🦟 container (n.) 容器
🦟 vector (n.) 傳染媒介
🦟 larva (n.) 昆蟲幼蟲
🦟 wiggler (n.) 孑孓
🦟 dispose of N 處理丟棄⋯
🦟 canopy (n.) 雨遮；遮雨篷
🦟 eliminate (v.) 滅絕
🦟 scrub (v.) 用力擦/刷洗
🦟 lid (n.) 蓋子
🦟 tyre (n.) 輪胎
🦟 upside down 上下顛倒
🦟 cavern (n.) 洞窟
🦟 detergent (n.) 清潔劑
🦟 stagnant water 死水；靜止不動的水
🦟 screen (n.) 紗窗
🦟 grass cluster (n.) 叢生的雜草
🦟 epidemic (n.) 傳染病
🦟 long-sleeved (a.) 長袖的
🦟 exposed (a.) 裸露的
🦟 instructions (n.) 指示說明
🦟 guideline (n.) 指南
🦟 prevention (n.) 避免；預防
——————————————————
健康，是一切💪🏻
.
#俐媽英文教室
#俐媽英文教室登革熱篇
#mosquito #denguefever #mosquitobite
#台大明明和你一起健健康康

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我會否選擇科興疫苗

疫苗與黑人的恐怖歴史 (陰謀論）

疫苗與黑人的恐怖歴史 | 陰謀論

美國疫苗與黑人的恐怖歴史 | 陰謀論

[熱話!!!] 美國疫苗與黑人的恐怖歴史 | 陰謀論

【熱話】美國疫苗與黑人的恐怖歴史 | 陰謀論

Lately topic of 疫苗 has been spreading all across the internet. 打or 不打: that is the question.

Whilst doing research I found a particular topic that was very interesting and I want to talk about it.

黑人社區非常dam心疫苗. 來自一個在網上fung cheun的解釋.

在usa racism and racial divide (分化) is a very strong debated topic.

Earlier because of a black man being Murdered in broad daylight it sparked ‘yuw行’ in many USA states.

如今related to 疫苗 so many conspiracy theories appeared. 美國的黑人community甚至西班牙community have conspiracy theories 出來, saying their 人種 is being used for 疫苗實yim.

This has two main supporting points (論點支持)
美國疫苗由一樣叫mRNA的遺傳物質jo sing. So it’s has been rumored to change the dna of certain races. 但最近 it’s been proven that unlike DNA, mRNA is single stranded 單鏈型狀細胞while DNA is double stranded 雙鏈型狀細胞. So it’s very difficult for mRNA to enter the DNA 核子. So it can’t actually change the dna.
the second point has been brought up not only by 黑人社區, it is but one of the biggest conspiracies related to 疫苗. Or even the one of the biggest conspiracy theories in the world. It is that theirs microchip (晶片) inside the 疫苗, is用來跟踪我們人類的行jung. And ‘mok後黑手’ is bill gates... as he wants to enslave humanity.

Actually I feel the root of this fear in regards to 黑人and 疫苗來自 lik si上這個美國不能說的秘密.


-1932年USA government進行一個叫Tuskegee study 一樣東西. In 阿拉巴馬州 found有Syphilis 梅毒傳染beng的一堆黑人男子.

They were lied to by the government that they were receiving ‘meen fuy yi liw’ but they were actually not.
The experiment was to see if 梅毒惡化differently in white people as compared to black people.

This is 建基於相信black people and white people biologically is different. Or that black people is 不及white people的.

Though those black men after were never treated, 1943年even though invented 能對抗梅毒的yuek, it was never given to those black 男子. 甚至之後they went on to cheun yim their wives and children.

Although ‘黑lik si’ is something difficult to change, something can be done now.

-During the ‘yik ching ‘ 美國黑人社區被影響得最深.

因為they are low income人士and also being the air quality they inhabit is comparatively worst than other 社區.

But at the end of the day if more precautions were done by the government in ensuring a better healthcare, no matter what the past is,,, confidence 信心can be built here and now. With our actions here and now.

Please share on Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, etc... with #TWforWHO and #TaiwanCanHelp

這是一封關於台灣參加WHO給世界衛生組織的公開信. 為什麼WHO跟WHA需要台灣?
過去幾天看過越來越多台灣的公眾人物在叫WHO讓台灣參加. 在現在新冠狀病毒的疫情狀況中我看過阿滴英文跟吳鳳的影片後我也覺得我要試試看自己試試看.

This is an open letter to the World Health Organization about including Taiwan as a member or observer. Why should Taiwan be included in the WHO and WHA?

Over the past few days, more and more figures in Taiwan such as 阿滴英文 Ray Du and 吳鳳 Rifat have been stepping out as proponents of the WHO considering inclusion of Taiwan into the world health organization amid the threat of the 2019 novel coronavirus epidemic. Seeing these pleas has motivated me to do my part.

Dear WHO,
I’m Brian. An American citizen who spent a good portion of my childhood living abroad in St. Kitts, and have been living and working in Taiwan for the past 10 years.

As an American citizen and having lived in St. Kitts and Taiwan, I’ve seen and experienced a wide range of medical facilities, practices, and benefits.

In Taiwan, I’ve without a doubt experienced the best quality of healthcare out of those three places.

Due to the unique history of Taiwan, it has been excluded from participating in the WHO. However, over the past months and especially in the past weeks since the seriousness of this 2019-nCoV outbreak have come to be realized, many leaders and people of influence from around the globe including the USA, Japan, Canada, Germany, Australia and others.

I have faith in Taiwan’s ability to aid in the battle against this new coronavirus, not only because of my knowledge of the affordable healthcare that’s available to all here, but also because the technology and procedures here are extremely modernized.

Taiwan has a highly skilled force of researchers, physicians, and medical professionals who could all be great assets in the worldwide fight to control this outbreak and minimize casualties.

The experience Taiwan has accumulated in the past while dealing with pandemics such as swine flu, mers, and sars have allowed professionals to learn the necessary skills and precautions to take to help thwart these types of outbreaks, and as a member of the who and wha, the skills of these amazing people could help not just in a local level, but on a global scale to contribute to the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible standard of health.

#coronavirus