[關於反芻動物全身麻醉的風險，反芻動物中，全身麻醉的弊大於利。] 有興趣的朋友可以多了解一下喔! (中文翻譯的部分為Google翻譯的，能夠閱讀英文的朋友建議看原文會比較清楚喔)
還有很多很多相關的學術發表，就不貼那麼多出來啦!

Cooper結紮的日期是4月26日，他現在很健康很調皮。

(德叔真的超級超級愛看這些學術發表的文章，但是我還是相信醫生的專業。)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334673867_The_Use_of_Epidural_Anaesthesia_over_General_Anaesthesia_in_Ruminants
全身麻醉是現代醫學的重要組成部分。它是一種藥物誘導的可逆病症，包括特定的行為和生理特徵，包括無意識、健忘症、鎮痛和運動不能——伴隨自主神經、心血管、呼吸和體溫調節系統的穩定性。
[反芻動物全身麻醉具有內在風險，如瘤胃內容物反流、唾液分泌過多和肺部誤吸的可能性；因此並不總是推薦使用本地或區域技術。硬膜外麻醉是一種中樞神經阻滯技術，經常用於獸醫實踐中，用於治療家畜會陰、骶骨、腰椎和尾椎部位的不同產科和外科手術干擾。關於在反芻動物和其他物種的各種外科和實驗室程序中使用硬膜外麻醉的科學研究已經有幾項。總之，全身麻醉的弊大於利，特別是在反芻動物中。因此，硬膜外麻醉是首選。

General anaesthesia is an essential component of modern medicine. It is a drug induced reversible condition that includes specific behavioral and physiological traits unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and akinesia- with concomitant stability of the autonomic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems.
[General anesthesia in ruminants has inherent risks such as regurgitation of ruminal contents, excessive salivation and the possibility of pulmonary aspiration; therefore it is not always recommended and local or regional techniques may be used instead. Epidural anaesthesia is a central neuraxial block technique which is used regularly in veterinary practice for treatment of different obstetrical and surgical interferences in the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and caudal parts of the thoracic region of domestic animals. There have been several scientific researches on the use of epidural anesthesia in ruminants and other species for various surgical and laboratory procedures. In conclusion, the disadvantages of general anaesthesia outweigh the advantages especially in ruminant specie. Therefore, epidural anaesthesia is the most preferred.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118886700.ch1
瘤胃鼓脹、腹脹、反流和吸入性肺炎是與家畜全身麻醉相關的常見問題，應通過適當的預防措施和必要的麻醉前考慮來預見和解決。家畜在麻醉期間可能會出現胃內容物反流和誤吸，尤其是未禁食的動物。反芻動物在麻醉期間通常會大量分泌唾液。惡性高熱的觸發因素包括壓力（例如興奮、運輸或麻醉前處理）、鹵化吸入麻醉劑（例如氟烷、異氟烷、七氟烷和地氟烷）和去極化神經肌肉阻滯藥物（例如琥珀膽鹼）。同樣，氟烷似乎是豬惡性高熱的最有效和最常見的觸發因素。麻醉前禁食可能不能完全防止反流，但會減少瘤胃內容物中的固體物質數量。獸醫應將這些知識與適當的麻醉前準備和適當的圍手術期管理相結合，以確保這些動物的麻醉成功。
Ruminal tympany, bloat, regurgitation, and aspiration pneumonia are common problems associated with general anesthesia in farm animal species that should be anticipated and addressed with proper precautions and the necessary preanesthetic considerations. Regurgitation and aspiration of stomach content can occur in farm animal species during anesthesia, especially in nonfasted animals. Ruminants normally salivate profusely during anesthesia. The triggering agents of malignant hyperthermia include stress (e.g., excitement, transportation, or preanesthetic handling), halogenated inhalation anesthetics (e.g., halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane), and depolarizing neuro-muscular blocking drugs (e.g., succinylcholine). Similarly, halothane appears to be the most potent and most frequently reported trigger of malignant hyperthermia in pigs. Preanesthetic fasting may not completely prevent regurgitation, but it will decrease the amount of solid matter in the rumen content. Veterinarians should incorporate the knowledge with proper preanesthetic preparations and appropriate perioperative management to ensure successful outcome of anesthesia in these animals.

《筆記學習分享I》
💁🏻‍♂️ 學習英文對我來說，不是為了考試或取得證照，而是，我希望可以藉由英文學到更多知識。過去隻身赴美寒窗苦讀的日子，筆記幫助了我的學習，也讓我更有效率的將所學內化成自己的知識。以圖片為例，這是多年前我在美國讀兒童心理學課程的其中一頁筆記，由於是研究所課程，內容並非所想像中簡單，教授在課堂上講的許多術語對美國學生來說，也許都是common sense(常識)，但對於一個非母語人士來說，就需要加倍努力去記住這些單字了！

我從來不會跟學生說，單字一定是很好背的，但總是有方法讓自己好好把單字記住。我記得教授在課堂上談論腦部科學時，幾乎有一半以上的單字，我是聽不懂的，因此，當天下課，我犧牲掉與同學聚會的時間，在宿舍惡補腦科學的生字，我靜下心來，將教授指定的章節，整理成一張筆記，邊畫圖同時，邊把單字給記住，不會唸的單字，就把上課所錄音的內容重覆聽誦、查語音字典，強迫自己記住，走路也在背單字、煮飯也在背單字、洗澡也在背單字，幾乎任何時刻單字都與我形影不離，就連做夢也可以夢見單字(可見背單字的壓力好大啊！)。😫 🧠 🤦🏻‍♂️

💡 不過，下一次上課的時候，我發現自己的挫折感明顯降低不少，幾乎可以跟上教授的步調，該學期的期中考，也順利高分過關。像這些單字，幾乎都是醫療領域的專業人士才會使用到的，對於一個文科先生來說，簡直是難上加難，因此，我試著避免翻譯，把每個腦袋相關字彙給圖像化，比方說， “diencephalon”就是在那個位置，我也不會去想它的中文就叫作「間腦」。如果透過翻譯的話，上課起來反而會更辛苦，當教授在講這個字的時候，第一時間腦袋就會開始翻譯，而不是迸出該部位的位置及功能，這樣更容易錯過教授接下來霹靂啪啦的陳述，學習就沒有效率可言了！

✍️ Taking notes strengthens my memory and helps me remember better. Not everything that is discussed in class can always be found in textbooks and journals. Therefore, remembering what is taught in class is significant. However, I think the prime disadvantage is that it takes more time for me to write everything down, especially if the lecturer speaks too fast, leaving less time to fully analyze the content. Nevertheless, I still prefer to take notes since I can go through them in detail afterwards to refresh my memory. By and large, the benefits definitely outweigh the drawbacks.

[English Follows] 好消息，好消息！ 花了將近一年時間拍攝的「在台灣站起」終於要在今天（4月5日）播出！

從去年3月開始，我出了50多天的外景，跑了全台灣各個鄉鎮（連澎湖、小琉球都去過！）尋找台灣新住民、傾聽他們的心聲。

在拍完30多集的今天，除了感動只有感動。剛來台灣的那一年，我最大的目的是學中文及融入台灣社會，於是我交了許多台灣朋友，外國朋友反而變得不多。做廣播的時候，也很自然地忽略了許多與外國人有關的議題，覺得好像跟台灣沒有太大的關聯。

但過了20年之後的今天，台灣有將近70萬外籍朋友在這裡生活，而我發現他們（我們）的故事，也是屬於台灣的故事。我也透過「在台灣站起」發現自己不只是「老外」，我跟所謂的陸配、外配、義工、日韓、歐美人士，與來自全世界的所有外籍朋友一樣，都是台灣的「新住民」，而我們每一位都有自己獨一無二的人生經歷。

繞著台灣跑，認識了接近100位「同學」，看到的不是我們哪裏不一樣，而是我們的相同之處。

(想看播出訊息，請往在下看）

I have some great news! That other TV show that I've been working on for the past year is FINALLY starting to air TODAY (April 5)!

Since last March, I've been on the road with "New Faces in Taiwan", traveling all around, even to Penghu and Hsiaoliuqiu, for a total of 50 days on the road meeting more than 100 new immigrants to Taiwan!

It's been an deeply moving experience, not just getting to know their stories, but also learning about my own identity as a "new immigrant". When I first came to Taiwan, the goal was to learn Chinese and become part of this society. Subconsciously I avoided stories about foreigners, mistakenly thinking they had little to do with Taiwan.

But after 20 years, I've come to realize that there are nearly 700,000 foreigners here, and their (our) stories are a vital part of the rich cultural tapestry of Taiwan. Through this incredible journey recording "New Faces in Taiwan", I've come to realize that I'm not just a foreigner, but a "new immigrant", just like the many foreign spouses from China and Southeast Asia, the migrant workers, and the many other people from countries around the world. And every one of us has a unique "Taiwan story" that's worth sharing with others.

After meeting so many new immigrants, I've come to realize that the things we have in common far outweigh our differences. <3

＋＋＋＋

播出時間 Broadcast Info：

** 自 4/5 起，每週三12:30、17:00、23:50及每周四05:00，於 大愛二台HD頻道 播出。DaAi2 HD：中華電信MOD 99台

** Starting on April 5, tune in every Wednesday on DaAi2 HD at 12:30, 17:00, 23:50, and the following day at 5:00am. If you have Chunghwa MOD, it's channel 99

** 網路直播 Live internet feed：http://www.kcnet.com.tw/WebTV/onlinetv13.htm

** 大愛二臺HD YouTube直播 Live YouTube Feed：https://youtu.be/-81c_O1NoPo

** 或依地區及系統業者，請查詢頻道位置 Check the TV channel in your area：http://www.daai.tv/daai-web/more/channel/channel.php

** 請大家追蹤 在台灣站起 粉絲專頁，快速得到第一手消息～
And please share a little love for the "New Faces in Taiwan" Facebook page!在台灣站起