今早為Asian Medical Students Association Hong Kong (AMSAHK)的新一屆執行委員會就職典禮作致詞分享嘉賓，題目為「疫情中的健康不公平」。
感謝他們的熱情款待以及為整段致詞拍了影片。以下我附上致詞的英文原稿：

It's been my honor to be invited to give the closing remarks for the Inauguration Ceremony for the incoming executive committee of the Asian Medical Students' Association Hong Kong (AMSAHK) this morning. A video has been taken for the remarks I made regarding health inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic (big thanks to the student who withstood the soreness of her arm for holding the camera up for 15 minutes straight), and here's the transcript of the main body of the speech that goes with this video:

//The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, continues to be rampant around the world since early 2020, resulting in more than 55 million cases and 1.3 million deaths worldwide as of today. (So no! It’s not a hoax for those conspiracy theorists out there!) A higher rate of incidence and deaths, as well as worse health-related quality of life have been widely observed in the socially disadvantaged groups, including people of lower socioeconomic position, older persons, migrants, ethnic minority and communities of color, etc. While epidemiologists and scientists around the world are dedicated in gathering scientific evidence on the specific causes and determinants of the health inequalities observed in different countries and regions, we can apply the Social Determinants of Health Conceptual Framework developed by the World Health Organization team led by the eminent Prof Sir Michael Marmot, world’s leading social epidemiologist, to understand and delineate these social determinants of health inequalities related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

According to this framework, social determinants of health can be largely categorized into two types – 1) the lower stream, intermediary determinants, and 2) the upper stream, structural and macro-environmental determinants. For the COVID-19 pandemic, we realized that the lower stream factors may include material circumstances, such as people’s living and working conditions. For instance, the nature of the occupations of these people of lower socioeconomic position tends to require them to travel outside to work, i.e., they cannot work from home, which is a luxury for people who can afford to do it. This lack of choice in the location of occupation may expose them to greater risk of infection through more transportation and interactions with strangers. We have also seen infection clusters among crowded places like elderly homes, public housing estates, and boarding houses for foreign domestic helpers. Moreover, these socially disadvantaged people tend to have lower financial and social capital – it can be observed that they were more likely to be deprived of personal protective equipment like face masks and hand sanitizers, especially during the earlier days of the pandemic. On the other hand, the upper stream, structural determinants of health may include policies related to public health, education, macroeconomics, social protection and welfare, as well as our governance… and last, but not least, our culture and values. If the socioeconomic and political contexts are not favorable to the socially disadvantaged, their health and well-being will be disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Therefore, if we, as a society, espouse to address and reduce the problem of health inequalities, social determinants of health cannot be overlooked in devising and designing any public health-related strategies, measures and policies.

Although a higher rate of incidence and deaths have been widely observed in the socially disadvantaged groups, especially in countries with severe COVID-19 outbreaks, this phenomenon seems to be less discussed and less covered by media in Hong Kong, where the disease incidence is relatively low when compared with other countries around the world. Before the resurgence of local cases in early July, local spread of COVID-19 was sporadic and most cases were imported. In the earlier days of the pandemic, most cases were primarily imported by travelers and return-students studying overseas, leading to a minor surge between mid-March and mid-April of 874 new cases. Most of these cases during Spring were people who could afford to travel and study abroad, and thus tended to be more well-off. Therefore, some would say the expected social gradient in health impact did not seem to exist in Hong Kong, but may I remind you that, it is only the case when we focus on COVID-19-specific incidence and mortality alone. But can we really deduce from this that COVID-19-related health inequality does not exist in Hong Kong? According to the Social Determinants of Health Framework mentioned earlier, the obvious answer is “No, of course not.” And here’s why…

In addition to the direct disease burden, the COVID-19 outbreak and its associated containment measures (such as economic lockdown, mandatory social distancing, and change of work arrangements) could have unequal wider socioeconomic impacts on the general population, especially in regions with pervasive existing social inequalities. Given the limited resources and capacity of the socioeconomically disadvantaged to respond to emergency and adverse events, their general health and well-being are likely to be unduly and inordinately affected by the abrupt changes in their daily economic and social conditions, like job loss and insecurity, brought about by the COVID-19 outbreak and the corresponding containment and mitigation measures of which the main purpose was supposedly disease prevention and health protection at the first place. As such, focusing only on COVID-19 incidence or mortality as the outcomes of concern to address health inequalities may leave out important aspects of life that contributes significantly to people’s health. Recently, my research team and I collaborated with Sir Michael Marmot in a Hong Kong study, and found that the poor people in Hong Kong fared worse in every aspects of life than their richer counterparts in terms of economic activity, personal protective equipment, personal hygiene practice, as well as well-being and health after the COVID-19 outbreak. We also found that part of the observed health inequality can be attributed to the pandemic and its related containment measures via people’s concerns over their own and their families’ livelihood and economic activity. In other words, health inequalities were contributed by the pandemic even in a city where incidence is relatively low through other social determinants of health that directly concerned the livelihood and economic activity of the people. So in this study, we confirmed that focusing only on the incident and death cases as the outcomes of concern to address health inequalities is like a story half-told, and would severely truncate and distort the reality.

Truth be told, health inequality does not only appear after the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, it is a pre-existing condition in countries and regions around the world, including Hong Kong. My research over the years have consistently shown that people in lower socioeconomic position tend to have worse physical and mental health status. Nevertheless, precisely because health inequality is nothing new, there are always voices in our society trying to dismiss the problem, arguing that it is only natural to have wealth inequality in any capitalistic society. However, in reckoning with health inequalities, we need to go beyond just figuring out the disparities or differences in health status between the poor and the rich, and we need to raise an ethically relevant question: are these inequalities, disparities and differences remediable? Can they be fixed? Can we do something about them? If they are remediable, and we can do something about them but we haven’t, then we’d say these inequalities are ultimately unjust and unfair. In other words, a society that prides itself in pursuing justice must, and I say must, strive to address and reduce these unfair health inequalities. Borrowing the words from famed sociologist Judith Butler, “the virus alone does not discriminate,” but “social and economic inequality will make sure that it does.” With COVID-19, we learn that it is not only the individuals who are sick, but our society. And it’s time we do something about it.

Thank you very much!//

Please join me in congratulating the incoming executive committee of AMSAHK and giving them the best wishes for their future endeavor!

Roger Chung, PhD
Assistant Professor, CUHK JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, @CUHK Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong 香港中文大學 - CUHK
Associate Director, CUHK Institute of Health Equity

《筆記學習分享I》
💁🏻‍♂️ 學習英文對我來說，不是為了考試或取得證照，而是，我希望可以藉由英文學到更多知識。過去隻身赴美寒窗苦讀的日子，筆記幫助了我的學習，也讓我更有效率的將所學內化成自己的知識。以圖片為例，這是多年前我在美國讀兒童心理學課程的其中一頁筆記，由於是研究所課程，內容並非所想像中簡單，教授在課堂上講的許多術語對美國學生來說，也許都是common sense(常識)，但對於一個非母語人士來說，就需要加倍努力去記住這些單字了！

我從來不會跟學生說，單字一定是很好背的，但總是有方法讓自己好好把單字記住。我記得教授在課堂上談論腦部科學時，幾乎有一半以上的單字，我是聽不懂的，因此，當天下課，我犧牲掉與同學聚會的時間，在宿舍惡補腦科學的生字，我靜下心來，將教授指定的章節，整理成一張筆記，邊畫圖同時，邊把單字給記住，不會唸的單字，就把上課所錄音的內容重覆聽誦、查語音字典，強迫自己記住，走路也在背單字、煮飯也在背單字、洗澡也在背單字，幾乎任何時刻單字都與我形影不離，就連做夢也可以夢見單字(可見背單字的壓力好大啊！)。😫 🧠 🤦🏻‍♂️

💡 不過，下一次上課的時候，我發現自己的挫折感明顯降低不少，幾乎可以跟上教授的步調，該學期的期中考，也順利高分過關。像這些單字，幾乎都是醫療領域的專業人士才會使用到的，對於一個文科先生來說，簡直是難上加難，因此，我試著避免翻譯，把每個腦袋相關字彙給圖像化，比方說， “diencephalon”就是在那個位置，我也不會去想它的中文就叫作「間腦」。如果透過翻譯的話，上課起來反而會更辛苦，當教授在講這個字的時候，第一時間腦袋就會開始翻譯，而不是迸出該部位的位置及功能，這樣更容易錯過教授接下來霹靂啪啦的陳述，學習就沒有效率可言了！

✍️ Taking notes strengthens my memory and helps me remember better. Not everything that is discussed in class can always be found in textbooks and journals. Therefore, remembering what is taught in class is significant. However, I think the prime disadvantage is that it takes more time for me to write everything down, especially if the lecturer speaks too fast, leaving less time to fully analyze the content. Nevertheless, I still prefer to take notes since I can go through them in detail afterwards to refresh my memory. By and large, the benefits definitely outweigh the drawbacks.

【義大利·Praiano+Minori】中文在英文之後

“My dear friend, I am writing this post to again show you my appreciation for helping a stranger like me. “

Travel is like life. You make foolish mistakes sometimes. Before I talk about how Gabriel came to our rescue, I’d like to explain how the bus driver sent me on a bus that took us to the top of Ravello hill.

We booked a hotel called E Poi Ravello. So you see how easy it was to mistaken the location of our hotel to be Ravello instead of Minori to which Gabriel (and later his entire family) carried our suitcases.

When we were dropped off at the top of the hill and the bus driver simply refused to communicate with me. I quickly googled the distance from where we were to Minori. It was about 29 minutes by foot. I was warned by a taxi driver that there would be stairs. But I decided to give it a try anyway. It can’t be all stairs.

Nevertheless, I was so wrong and ended up being completely soaking wet like a Chinese saying: “a pathetic dog falling in the river”. I didn’t know how much longer I could last with only my flip-flops on.

The rest is history as Gabriel walked by and asked me if I needed help. I know it was a lot to help and yet I didn’t have the chance to treat Gabriel and his family some drinks. I still feel pretty much mortified.

旅行就像人生一樣，我們都會愚蠢犯錯。我們三人聽從了上一班巴士司機的建議搭上了一班往Ravello的車。下車後發現我們在山頭，旅館在山腳下。如果搭車回去再轉車可能要浪費兩個多小時，所以我決定照著估狗地圖向下走半小時應該會到。

然而分次提著三個箱子走了不到四分之一都是階梯的路，我發現自己錯的離譜。但是心想該不會一路都是樓梯吧？於是硬著頭皮向下走到將近一半時，我已經全身濕透，手腳都有些發抖了。

這時我的救命天使經過，好心地問了一句要不要幫忙提。我說箱子真的很重，這樣不好意思。他所沒關係，他可以幫忙。我欣然接受。沿路聊起天來。

他是個廚師，帶著廚藝四處旅居工作。這次跟家人一起出遊，明天就要離開這裡了。因為旅行的關係他認識了現在的女友，下週就要去見未來的岳父母。聽著他的經歷，不禁令人羨慕。年紀輕輕28歲就已擁有許多經歷。

我們走走停停沿途俯瞰欣賞山谷海灣美景。也許這將會是我此生最難忘的景色之一。我也將永遠記得跟義大利人有多麼難溝通啊！

#西歐國家裡只有義大利西班牙和葡萄牙不太說其他語言
#義大利的生存法則就是沒有法則可言

試駕車友忍250上賽道！小忍250一直是日本輕檔街跑的指標（因為過去十年日廠只有Kawasaki做250c.c. 輕檔街跑...）新款300c.c.街跑的來臨，顯得小忍250有些老舊。相對的，因為二手價格越來越便宜，改裝零件多，越來越多人買來玩賽道。Kawasaki Ninja 250 has been the pinnacle of lightweight sportbike. (well, nobody else was interested in making 250c.c. sportbike) Comparing to recently released 300c.c. bikes, 250 Ninja does look a bit outdated with its analog dashboard and carburetor. Nevertheless, it's becoming a favorite among track riders for its affordability and great support in aftermarket community.

Bike: Kawasaki Ninja 250 川崎 忍者250
Vlog 43 摩托日記第四十三篇

改裝品：
Mod Cycles Full Exhaust System 全段管
Pod Filter 空濾
Vesrah Sintered brake pads 煞車皮
SV racing rear sets 腳踏後移
Pilot Sport 輪胎
Rejet 化油調校

規格 Spec:

引擎形式 水冷四行程雙汽缸
全長(m) 2080
全高(m) 1115mm
軸距(m) 1400mm
最低地上高(m) 135mm
座高(m) 780mm
乾重 154kg
總排氣量 249cc
供油方式 化油器
啟動方式 電發
壓縮比 11.6 : 1
最高馬力 30ps/10500rpm
最大扭力 2.14kg-m/8500rpm
油箱容量 17.5公升
傳動形式 鏈條
前懸吊系統 37mm芯正叉.120mm行程
後懸吊系統 五段調整130mm行程單槍
輪胎(前) 110/70 - 17 M/C
輪胎(後) 130/70 - 17 M/C
前煞車系統 290mm浪花單碟.雙活塞卡鉗
後煞車系統 220mm浪花單碟

Engine Type Four-stroke, DOHC, parallel twin
Engine Displacement 249cc
Bore Stroke 62.0mm x 41.2mm
Cooling Liquid-Cooled
Compression Ratio 11.6:1
Fuel System Keihin CVK30 x 2
Ignition Digital
Starting System NA
Transmission Six-speed
Final Drive O-Ring Chain
Rake Trail 26 degrees / 3.2 in.
Seat Height 30.5 in.
Wheelbase 55.1 in.
Front Suspension 37mm hydraulic telescopic fork / 4.7 in.
Rear Suspension Bottom-Link UNI-TRAK® with 5-way adjustable preload / 5.1 in.
Front Brake Single 290mm hydraulic disc with two-piston caliper
Rear Brake Single 220mm petal disc with two-piston caliper
Front Tire 110/70-17
Rear Tire 130/70-17
Fuel Capacity 4.8 gal.
Dry Weight 374.9 lbs.

Outro Music: Anikdote - Which Direction?
NCS Release bit.ly/1LfXUQh
https://soundcloud.com/anikdotemusic

#13N 追蹤 13N Instagram:

Gymkhana 金卡納初體驗，騎乘方式和技巧和街道跟賽道大有不同。雖然繞得一蹋糊塗，但還是有感受到計時賽的刺激。體驗後更能體會日本那些Gymkahana影片的騎士是多麼的神。要利用整個龍頭打死過彎，真的是個要突破心理障礙的騎乘技巧...My first Gymkahna experience was a bit of a mess, especially when I realized it really requires a different set of riding skills to accomplish such a technical and tight course. Nevertheless, I had a lot of fun and really felt the competitiveness during time trial. 10/10, would do again and practice that unnerving "full-lock" turn.

Coach recommended I use 2nd gear and less clutch after the event. I will try that next time. 場地教練建議我用二檔 (整場我都用一檔跑），並少用離合器，下次活動再試試看。

計時賽完整畫面 Full Time Trial Footage : https://youtu.be/vHaAmajlJlE
M-Gymkhana event: http://m-gymkhana.com/

Bike: Yamaha WR250X supermoto 滑胎車
Vlog 13 摩托日記第十三篇 --第"13"篇就獻給Gymkhana了！！！

Outro Music: Anikdote - Which Direction?
NCS Release bit.ly/1LfXUQh
https://soundcloud.com/anikdotemusic #13N 追蹤 13N Instagram:

唐詩欣賞 月下獨酌 - 李白(Drinking Alone Under the Moon)

中文原文﹕

花間一壺酒，獨酌無相親；
舉杯邀明月，對影成三人。
月既不解飲，影徒隨我身；
暫伴月將影，行樂須及春。
我歌月徘徊，我舞影零亂；
醒時同交歡，醉后各分散。
永結無情游，相期邈雲漢。

英文翻譯 / English Translation﹕ by Betty Tseng

In amongst flowers with a bottle of wine
I drink alone for there is no one close by.
I raise my chalice to invite the shining moon,
The moon casts me a shadow and we have a triad.

The moon never learns to drink,
My shadow absent-mindedly follows me.
Nevertheless I have them around me,
Moments should be enjoyed as they be.

I sing and the moon lingers,
I dance and my shadow whirled under.
In my sober moments we rejoiced together,
It is a company no longer once I am drunk.

Such fellowship shall last despite our parted ways,
When we shall come together again is up to the remote heavens above.